SIST EN 1114-1:2011
(Main)Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to extruders, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The following kinds of extruders for plastics and rubber are covered by this standard: single screw extruders; twin screw extruders; multi/multiple screw extruders; hot feed extruders; cold feed extruders; vacuum extruders; pin extruders. This standard additionally covers the following feeding systems: hoppers; single roller feeding system; double roller feeding systems; crammer feeding systems. And the following ancillary equipment which form part of or are attached to the extruder: screen changers; melt/gear pumps; melt ducts; static mixers; degassing equipment; shear head devices; extruder head. This standard only applies to extruder heads that give initial shape to the plasticised material. This standard does not apply to extruders without screws e.g.: piston ex-truders; disc extruders; roller extruders. This document is not applicable to extruders which are manufactured be-fore the date of its publication.
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für Extruder
Diese Norm behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf alle Arten von Schneckenextrudern für Kunststoffe und Gummi zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter Bedingungen, die vom Hersteller als Fehlanwendung vernünftigerweise vorhersehbar sind, verwendet werden (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Die Norm umfasst zusätzlich folgende Füttereinrichtungen:
Trichter;
Einwalzen-Speiseeinrichtungen;
Zweiwalzen-Speiseeinrichtungen;
Stopfeinrichtungen
und folgende Zusatzeinrichtungen, die Teile des Extruders oder entlang des Extrudergehäuses angebracht sind:
Siebwechsler;
Schmelzepumpen;
Schmelzeleitungen und -adapter;
statische Mischer;
Extrudierköpfe.
ANMERKUNG Dosiereinrichtungen sind in dieser Norm nicht behandelt.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die durch die verarbeiteten Materialien hervorgerufen werden und die zu einem Brandrisiko oder zu einem Risiko durch das Austreten gesundheitsgefährdender Materialien führen können.
Diese Norm gilt nur für Extrudierköpfe zur ersten Ausformung des plastifizierten Materials.
Ein Extruder, der mit dieser Norm übereinstimmt, wird nicht als ein Druckbehälter nach der Druckgeräterichtlinie 97/23/EG angesehen.
Extruder erzeugen üblicherweise keine explosionsfähige Atmosphären. Wenn Materialien verarbeitet werden, die eine explosionsfähige Atmosphäre hervorrufen können, muss die Richtlinie 94/7/EG für Geräte und Schutzsysteme zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen. Gefährdungen durch Explosion sind in dieser Norm nicht behandelt.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Extruder, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieser EN hergestellt wurden.
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Extrudeuses et lignes d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les extrudeuses
Le présent document traite tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations et événements dangereux significatifs applicables à toutes les extrudeuses à vis pour les plastiques et le caoutchouc, lorsqu’elles sont utilisées normalement et lorsqu’elles sont utilisées dans des conditions de mauvaise utilisation prévisibles par le constructeur (voir Article 4).
La présente norme couvre également les systèmes d’alimentation suivants :
les trémies ;
les alimentations à un galet bourreur ;
les alimentations à deux galets bourreurs ;
les alimentations par bourrage ;
ainsi que les équipements auxiliaires suivants, qui font partie de l’extrudeuse ou qui sont fixés sur celle-ci :
les changeurs de filtres ;
les pompes à engrenages ;
les conduites et les raccords ;
les mélangeurs statiques ;
les têtes d’extrusion.
NOTE La présente norme ne couvre pas les dispositifs de mesure.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux dus au traitement des matériaux et susceptibles d’entraîner un risque d’incendie ou la libération de substances dangereuses pour la santé.
La présente norme s’applique uniquement aux têtes d’extrusion qui donnent une forme initiale au matériau plastifié.
Une extrudeuse conforme à la présente norme n’est pas considérée comme un récipient sous pression tel que défini dans la Directive 97/23/CE relative aux équipements sous pression.
Généralement, les extrudeuses ne produisent pas d’atmosphères explosives. En cas de traitement de matériaux susceptibles de créer une atmosphère explosive, la Directive 94/9/CE relative aux équipements destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosibles (ATEX) doit être appliquée. La présente norme ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux liés aux explosions.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux extrudeuses dont la date de fabrication est antérieure à la date de publication du présent document.
Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Ekstruderji in oprema za iztiskavanje - 1. del: Varnostne zahteve za ekstruderje
Ta evropski standard obravnava vse velike nevarnosti, nevarne situacije in primere, ki se nanašajo na ekstruderje, kadar se uporabljajo, kot je predvideno, in pod pogoji napačne uporabe, ki jih predvidi proizvajalec (glej točko 4). Naslednje vrste ekstruderjev za plastike in gumo so zajete v tem standardu: ekstruderji z enim vijakom, ekstruderji z dvema vijakoma, ekstruderji z več vijaki, ekstruderji z vročim podajanjem, ekstruderji s hladnim podajanjem, vakuumski ekstruderji, ekstruderji z iglo. Ta standard dodatno zajema naslednje podajalne sisteme: vsipne lijake, podajalne sisteme z enim valjem, podajalne sisteme z dvema valjema, podajalne sisteme za vsipanje. Prav tako velja za naslednjo pomožno opremo, ki tvori del oziroma je priključena na ekstruder: izmenjalnike rešet, zobniške črpalke za taline, jaške za taline, opremo za razplinjevanje, naprave s strižnimi glavami, glavo ekstruderja. Ta standard velja samo za glave ekstruderjev, ki dajejo začetno obliko plastičnemu materialu. Ta standard ne velja za ekstruderje brez vijakov, npr.: ekstruderje z bati, ekstruderje z diski, ekstruderje z valji. Ta dokument ne velja za ekstruderje, ki so bili proizvedeni pred datumom objave dokumenta.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Ekstruderji in oprema za iztiskavanje - 1. del: Varnostne zahteve za ekstruderjeKunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für ExtruderMachines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Extrudeuses et lignes d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les extrudeusesPlastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders83.200Oprema za gumarsko industrijo in industrijo polimernih materialovEquipment for the rubber and plastics industriesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1114-1:2011SIST EN 1114-1:2011en,fr,de01-december-2011SIST EN 1114-1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1114-1:20001DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1114-1
October 2011 ICS 83.200 Supersedes EN 1114-1:1996English Version
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Extrudeuses et lignes d'extrusion - Partie 1 : Prescriptions de sécurité pour les extrudeuses
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für Extruder This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1114-1:2011: ESIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms and definitions .84 List of significant hazards .94.1 General .94.2 Mechanical hazards . 104.3 Hazards due to electrical energy . 114.4 Thermal hazards . 124.5 Hazards generated by noise . 124.6 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the machinery . 124.7 Fire hazards . 124.8 Hazards due to falling from height . 124.9 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics . 125 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 125.1 General . 125.2 Mechanical hazards . 125.2.1 Drive and power transmission . 125.2.2 Screw shaft . 135.2.3 Openings in the barrel . 135.2.4 Feeding system . 135.2.5 Excess pressure protection . 155.2.6 Screen changer . 155.2.7 Melt/gear pump . 165.2.8 Melt pipes and adaptors . 165.2.9 Static mixer . 165.2.10 Extruder head . 165.2.11 Power operated horizontal movement of the complete machine or parts of it . 165.3 Electrical energy . 175.3.1 General . 175.3.2 Supply disconnecting (isolating) device . 175.3.3 Protection against direct contact . 175.3.4 Protection against indirect contact . 175.3.5 Electrostatic phenomena . 175.4 Thermal hazards . 175.4.1 Hot machine parts. 175.4.2 Hot extruded products, hot gases and hot liquids . 185.5 Noise . 185.5.1 General . 185.5.2 Noise reduction at source by design . 185.5.3 Information connected with noise hazards . 185.6 Materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the machinery . 195.7 Fire hazards . 195.8 High level working places . 195.9 Ergonomics . 195.10 Emergency stop . 19SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 3 6 Verification of conformity with safety requirements and/or protective measures . 197 Information for use . 217.1 Minimum marking on the machine . 217.2 Instruction manual . 22Annex A (normative)
Noise test code . 24A.1 Introduction . 24A.2 Determination of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the workstation . 24A.3 Determination of the A-weighted sound power level . 24A.4 Mounting and operating conditions . 25A.5 Information to be recorded and reported . 25A.5.1 General . 25A.5.2 General data . 25A.5.3 Mounting and operating conditions . 25A.5.4 Standards . 26A.5.5 Noise data. 26A.6 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 26Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 27Bibliography . 28 SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1114-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 145 “Plastics and rubber machines”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1114-1:1996. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For the relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This is the first in a series of standards on the safety of extruders and extrusion lines. Part 2 deals with die face pelletisers. Part 3 deals with haul-offs. NOTE Part 2 (EN 1114-2) was cancelled in 2010. List of significant technical changes since the last edition: partially modified requirements and/or protective measures of extruders, feeding systems and ancillary equipment by taking into account the technological changes in the plastics and rubber industry and the development of the safety technology; modified requirements for the safety related parts of the machine control of extruders, feeding systems and ancillary equipment; the requirements and/or protective measures concerning the electrical equipment are specified in greater detail; addition of a noise test code. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 5 Introduction This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to all types of screw extruders for plastics and rubber, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard additionally covers the following feeding systems: hoppers; single roller feed; double roller feed; crammer feeder; and the following ancillary equipment which form part of or are attached to the extruder: screen changers; melt/gear pumps; melt pipes and adaptors; static mixers; extruder head that give initial shape to the extruded material. NOTE Metering devices are not covered by this standard. This European Standard does not deal with hazards caused by the processing of materials and which may lead to a risk of fire or release of health hazardous materials. An extruder conforming to this document is not regarded as a pressure vessel as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. Extruders usually do not produce explosive atmospheres. Where materials are processed, which may cause an explosive atmosphere, the Directive 94/9/EC on the Equipment intended for use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (ATEX) should be applied. Explosion hazards are not dealt with in this document. This European Standard is not applicable to extruders which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 574:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects — Principles for design SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 7 EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 953:1997+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 1037:1995+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:2010) EN ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO 3746:2010) EN ISO 3747:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment (ISO 3747:2010) EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413:2010) EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 9614-2:1996, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity — Part 2: Measurement by scanning (ISO 9614-2:1996) EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010) EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental corrections (ISO 11202:2010) EN ISO 11204:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying accurate environmental corrections (ISO 11204:2010) EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomic of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006) EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery —Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13850:2008, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006) SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 8 EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) EN ISO 14122-1:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels (ISO 14122-1:2001) EN ISO 14122-1:2001/A1:2010, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels — Amendment 1 (ISO 14122-1:2001/Amd 1:2010) EN ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001) EN ISO 14122-2:2001/A1:2010, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working platforms and walkways — Amendment 1 (ISO 14122-2:2001/Amd 1:2010) EN ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2001) EN ISO 14122-3:2001/A1:2010, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails — Amendment 1 (ISO 14122-3:2001/Amd 1:2010) EN ISO 14122-4:2004+A1:2010, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders (ISO 14122-4:2004+Amd 1:2010) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 extruder machine which conveys materials by means of one or more screws rotating within a barrel and discharges it continuously through the extrusion head NOTE In doing so, the material can be heated, cooled, consolidated, mixed, plasticised, can undergo chemical reactions, and may be degassed or gas injected. Viewed in the direction of flow of the material the extruder itself ends with the tip of the screw or screws. 3.2 feeding system equipment which feeds the material into the extruder 3.3 hopper container for gravity feeding of material into the extruder 3.4 single roller feed roller used for feeding the extruder, which has an axis parallel to that of the screw NOTE The screw and the roller counter-rotate and form an in-running nip and thereby improve the regularity of feeding. The device may be driven by the screw or by an independent device. 3.5 double roller feed two rollers used for feeding the extruder NOTE The feeding device consists of two rollers arranged in parallel positioned at the feed opening of the extruder. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 9 3.6 crammer feeder system with a dedicated drive which assists or densifies the flow of materials into the extruder by means of screws or other devices 3.7 main feed opening opening in the barrel through which for example the granule, sheets, strips, powder or plasticised material pass 3.8 secondary opening subsidiary opening in the barrel through which for example granulate, powder, liquid, gases or paste (e.g. colour, stabilisers, plasticisers) enters, or gases or vapours are removed 3.9 barrel housing which surrounds one or more screws 3.10 accessories attached to openings in the extruder barrel parts or devices for example pins as used for pin extruders, temperature or pressure gauges, vent or degassing chimneys 3.11 melt/gear pump device which has a dedicated drive used to convey molten material at a defined pressure 3.12 melt pipes and adaptors parts for connecting accessories for example screen changers, melt pumps and static mixers 3.13 static mixer device which contains fixed obstacles used to homogenize, cool and heat the material 3.14 screen changer device containing one or more screens through which molten material flows to remove foreign particles NOTE The screen or screens are fixed on a carrier and can be moved from an on-line operating position and vice versa. 3.15 extruder head device that gives shape to the extruded material 4 List of significant hazards 4.1 General This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. NOTE The numbering system of the significant hazards in Subclauses 4.3 to 4.9 corresponds with the numbering system of the safety requirements and/or protective measures in Subclauses 5.3 to 5.9. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 10 4.2 Mechanical hazards NOTE Table 1 below shows the danger areas and the types of mechanical hazards which may occur and gives reference to the corresponding safety requirements and/or protective measures in 5.2. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 11 Table 1 — Mechanical hazards and danger areas
Crushing Shearing Cutting and severing Drawing-in or trapping Ejection of parts of machinery Splashing of material Corresponding requirements in Clause 5.2 Rotating parts of the drive and power transmission machinery
X
X
X
X
X
5.2.1 Rotation of screw(s)
X
X
X
X
5.2.2,
5.2.3,
5.2.4 Moving parts of the feeding system
X
X
X
X
5.2.4.2,
5.2.4.3,
5.2.4.4 Overpressure in the barrel
X
X 5.2.3.2,
5.2.5 Accessible moving parts of the screen changer
X
X
X
X
X
5.2.6 Accessible moving parts of the drive of the melt/gear pump
X
X
X
X
5.2.7 Overpressure in melt/gear pump
X
X 5.2.5, 5.2.7 Overpressure in melt pipes and adaptors
X
X 5.2.5,
5.2.8 Overpressure in static mixer
X
X 5.2.5, 5.2.9 Dangerous movement of the extruder head and/or its parts
X
X
X
X
5.2.10
Extruder itself when moved or moving
X
5.2.11
4.3 Hazards due to electrical energy Electrical shock or burns due for example to direct or indirect contact with live parts; electrical shock due to electrostatic phenomena. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 12 4.4 Thermal hazards Burns, scalds, due to contact with hot machine parts, hot extruded product, hot gases or hot liquids. 4.5 Hazards generated by noise Hearing loss: interference with speech communication; interference with the perception of acoustic signals, due to high noise levels. 4.6 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the machinery Contact with, or inhalation of, materials, fumes or gases escaping from the openings. 4.7 Fire hazards Ignition due to: contact with flammable materials; leakage from hydraulic lines onto hot surfaces. 4.8 Hazards due to falling from height Injury due to falling from high level working places. 4.9 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. 5.2 Mechanical hazards 5.2.1 Drive and power transmission The drive shafts and couplings between the motor and reduction gear and transmission belts shall be protected by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997+A1:2009. For safety distances of EN ISO 13857:2008, Tables 2, 3 and/or 4 apply. SIST EN 1114-1:2011
EN 1114-1:2011 (E) 13 5.2.2 Screw shaft If the end of the screw shaft is not enclosed by a housing, it shall be protected by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997+A1:2009. For safety distances of EN ISO 13857:2008, Tables 2, 3 and/or 4 apply. 5.2.3 Openings in the barrel 5.2.3.1 Main feed opening – with or without a feeding system The main feed opening shall be protected: by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2008, Tables 2, 3 and/or 4; or by the presence of a fixed or interlocked feeding system, for example hoppers or crammer feed systems. The safety related parts of the control system implementing the interlocking function shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008, PLr =c. 5.2.3.2 Secondary openings Secondary openings not under pressure shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.1. Secondary openings which are pressurised shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.3. 5.2.3.3 Openings for the attachment of accessories Openings for the attachment of accessories shall be protected by the presence of the accessories or by using fixed plugs; see also 7.2 b). 5.2.4 Feeding system 5.2.4.1 Hopper Access to dangerous movement shall be prevented by design, taking into consideration the safety distances in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2008, Tables 2, 3 and/or 4. If the hopper is provided with a door or movable cover which permits access to the dangerous movements, that door or cover, shall be provided with an interlocking device as defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.1. The safety related parts of the control system implementing the interlocking function shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008, PLr =c. 5.2.4.2 Single roller feed The intake area of the single roller feed shall be protected: by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2008, Tables 2, 3 and/or 4; or by a fixed hopper or another fixed guard in accordance with EN 953:1997+A1:2009. If the single roller feed is opened, the movement of the screw(s) and the roller shall be stopped by an interlocking device as defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.1. The safety related parts of the control system implementing the interlocking function shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008, PLr
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1114-1:2008
01-marec-2008
Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Ekstruderji in oprema za iztiskavanje - 1. del:
Varnostne zahteve za ekstruderje
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety
requirements for extruders
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1:
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Extruder
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Extrudeuses et lignes
d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les extrudeuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1114-1
ICS:
83.200
oSIST prEN 1114-1:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1114-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2007
ICS 83.200 Will supersede EN 1114-1:1996
English Version
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines -
Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und
Extrudeuses et lignes d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für
sécurité pour les extrudeuses Extruder
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 145.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1114-1:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of significant hazards .8
4.1 General.8
4.2 Mechanical hazards.8
4.3 Hazards due to electrical energy.9
4.3.1 Electrical shock or burns due for example to direct or indirect contact with live parts.9
4.3.2 Electrical shock due to electrostatic phenomena .9
4.3.3 Thermal hazards .9
4.3.4 Hazards generated by noise .9
4.3.5 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by
the machinery.9
4.3.6 Fire Hazards .9
4.3.7 Hazards due to falling from height.10
4.3.8 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics .10
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.10
5.1 General.10
5.2 Mechanical hazards.10
5.2.1 Drive and power transmission .10
5.2.2 Screw shaft.10
5.2.3 Openings in the barrel.10
5.2.4 Feed System.11
5.2.5 Excess pressure protection.12
5.2.6 Screen changer.12
5.2.7 Melt/gear pump .13
5.2.8 Melt pipes and adaptors.13
5.2.9 Static mixer.13
5.2.10 Extruder head.13
5.2.11 High level working places.13
5.2.12 Power operated horizontal movement of the complete machine or parts of it.14
5.3 Electrical energy .14
5.3.1 General.14
5.3.2 Electrostatic phenomena .15
5.4 Hot machine parts.15
5.5 Noise .15
5.5.1 General.15
5.5.2 Noise reduction at source by design.15
5.5.3 Determination of noise emission values.16
5.6 Materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the machinery.16
5.7 Fire hazards.16
5.8 Emergency stop.16
5.9 Ergonomics .16
5.10 Fixing systems of fixed guards.17
6 Verification of conformity with safety requirements and/or protective measures .17
7 Information for use .18
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
7.1 Minimum marking on the machine .18
7.2 Instruction manual .19
7.2.1 Contents .19
7.2.2 Interfaces with machines mounted up-stream and downstream of the extruder.20
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.21
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EG.22
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1114-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 145 “Plastics and
rubber machines”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1114-1:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which is an integral part of this
document.
This is the first in a series of standards on the safety of extruders and extrusion lines.
Part 2 deals with die face pelletisers.
Part 3 deals with caterpillar, roller and belt take-offs.
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to all types of
screw extruders for plastics and rubber, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse
which are foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This standard additionally covers the following feeding systems:
hoppers;
single roller feeding systems;
double roller feeding systems;
crammer feeding systems;
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and the following ancillary equipment which form part of or are attached to the extruder:
screen changers;
melt/gear pumps;
melt pipes and adaptors;
static mixers;
extruder head.
NOTE Metering devices are not covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not deal with hazards caused by processing materials and which may lead to a
risk of fire or release of health hazardous materials.
This standard only applies to extruder heads that give initial shape to the plasticised material.
An extruder conforming to this standard is not regarded as a pressure vessel as defined in the Pressure
Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
Extruders usually do not produce explosive atmospheres. Where materials are processed, which may cause
an explosive atmosphere, the Directive 94/9/EC on the Equipment intended for use in Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres (ATEX) shall be applied. Explosion hazards are not dealt with in this standard.
This document is not applicable to extruders which are manufactured before the date of its publication
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs
EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design
EN 574:1996, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects — Principles for
design
EN 614-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general
principles
EN 626-1:1994, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by
machinery — Part 1: Principals and specifications for machinery manufacturers
EN 811:1996, Safety of Machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower
limbs
EN 953:1997, Safety of Machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principals for design
and selection
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of Machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005 modified)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code)
EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources — Engineering
methods for free-field conditions over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustic – Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 9614-1:1995, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
- Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (ISO 9614-1:1996)
EN ISO 9614-2:1996, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
– Part 2: Measurement by scanning (ISO 9614-2:1996)
EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at the workstation and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
EN ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at the workstation and other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
corrections (ISO 11204:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688:1998)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of Machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of Machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomic of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery —Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849- 1:2006)
EN ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)
EN ISO 14122-1:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of
fixed means of access between two levels (ISO 14122-1:2001)
EN ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001)
EN ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2001)
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
EN ISO 14122-4:2004, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed
ladders (ISO 14122-4:2004)
CENELEC Report R044-001:1999, Safety of machinery — Guidance and recommendations for the avoidance
of hazards due to static electricity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12100:2003 and the following apply.
3.1
extruder
a machine which conveys materials by means of one or more screws rotating within a barrel and discharges it
continuously through the extrusion head
Note In doing so the material can be heated, cooled, consolidated, mixed, plasticised, can undergo chemical
reactions, and may be degassed or gas injected. Viewed in the direction of flow of the material the extruder itself ends with
the tip of the screw or screws.
3.2
hopper
a container for gravity feeding of material into the extruder
3.3
single roller feeding device
a roller, which has an axis parallel to that of the screw
NOTE The screw and the roller counter-rotate and form an in-running nip and thereby improve the regularity of
feeding. The device may be driven by the screw or by an independent device.
3.4
double roller feeding
a device used for constant feeding of the extruder
NOTE The feeding device consists of two rollers arranged in parallel positioned at the feed opening of the extruder
3.5
crammer feeding system
a system which has a dedicated drive which assists or densifies the flow of materials into the extruder by
means of screws or other devices
3.6
main feed opening
an opening in the barrel through which for example the granule, sheets, strips, powder or plasticised material
passes
3.7
secondary opening
a subsidiary opening in the barrel through which for example granulate, powder, liquid, gases or paste (e. g.
colour, stabilisers, plasticisers) enters, or gases or vapours are removed
3.8
barrel
a housing which surrounds one or more screws
3.9
accessories attached to openings in the extruder barrel
parts or devices for example pins, temperature or pressure gauges, vent or degassing chimneys
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3.10
melt/gear pump
a device which has a dedicated drive used to convey molten material at a defined pressure
3.11
melt pipes and adaptors
parts for connecting accessories for example screen changers, melt pumps and static mixers
3.12
static mixer
a device positioned at the outlet of the screw of an extruder which contains fixed obstacles used to
homogenize, cool and heat the material
3.13
screen changer
a device containing one or more screens through which molten material flows to remove foreign particles
NOTE The screen or screens are fixed on a carrier and can be moved from an on-line operating position and vice
versa.
3.14
extruder head
a device that gives shape to the molten material
4 List of significant hazards
4.1 General
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require
action to eliminate or reduce the risk
4.2 Mechanical hazards
NOTE Table 1 below shows the danger areas and the types of mechanical hazards which may occur.
Table 1 ― Mechanical hazards and danger areas
Crushing hazards Shearing hazards Cutting and Drawing-in or Ejection of parts
severing trapping of machinery
Rotating parts of
the drive and
X X X X X
power
transmission
machinery
Rotation of
screw(s) X X X X
Moving parts of
the feeding X X X X
system
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Table 1 ― Units / danger areas ant its relevant types of hazards (concluded)
Crushing hazards Shearing hazards Cutting and Drawing-in or Ejection of parts
severing trapping of machinery
Over pressure in
the barrel X
Over pressure in
melt pipes and X
adaptors
Accessible
moving parts of X X X X
the screen
changer
Extruder itself
X
when moved or
moving
Dangerous
X X X X
movement of the
extruder head
and/or its parts
4.3 Hazards due to electrical energy
4.3.1 Electrical shock or burns due for example to direct or indirect contact with live parts
4.3.2 Electrical shock due to electrostatic phenomena
4.3.3 Thermal hazards
Burns, or
scalds,
due to contact with hot machine parts or hot extruded product.
4.3.4 Hazards generated by noise
Hearing loss, or
interference with speech communication, or
interference with the perception of acoustic signals, due to high noise levels.
4.3.5 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the
machinery
Contact with, or inhalation of, materials, fumes or gases escaping from the openings.
4.3.6 Fire Hazards
Ignition due to
contact with flammable materials;
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leakage from hydraulic lines onto hot surfaces.
4.3.7 Hazards due to falling from height
Injury due to falling from high level working places.
4.3.8 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-2 for relevant but not
significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Mechanical hazards
5.2.1 Drive and power transmission
The drive shafts and couplings between the motor and reduction gear and transmission belts shall be
protected by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2. For safety distances of EN 294:1992 tables 2,
3 or 4 apply.
5.2.2 Screw shaft
If the end of the screw shaft is not enclosed by a housing, it shall be protected by fixed guards in accordance
with EN 953:1997, 3.2. For safety distances of EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4 apply.
5.2.3 Openings in the barrel
5.2.3.1 Main feed opening – with or without a feeding system
The main feed opening shall be protected:
by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
by the presence of a fixed or interlocked feeding system, for example hoppers or crammer feed systems.
The safety related parts of the interlocked system shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1, PL 'c'.
5.2.3.2 Secondary openings
Secondary openings not under pressure shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.1.
Secondary openings which are pressurised shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.3.
5.2.3.3 Openings for the attachment of accessories
Openings for the attachment of accessories shall be protected by the presence of the accessories or by using
plugs.
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5.2.4 Feed System
5.2.4.1 Hopper
Access to dangerous movement shall be prevented by design, taking into consideration the safety distances
in accordance with EN 294:1992, table 2, 3 or 4.
If the hopper is provided with a door or cover which permits access to the dangerous movements, that door or
cover, shall be provided with an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. For
safety related parts of the control EN ISO 13849:2006, PL 'c' applies
5.2.4.2 Single roller feeding system
The intake area of the single roller feeding system shall be protected:
by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
by a hopper or another fixed guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2.
If the single roller feeding system is opened, the movement of the screw(s) and the roller shall be stopped by
an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. The safety related parts of the
control shall be in accordance with EN ISO 3849-1:2006.
If the opening and closing of the feed roller is motorised, the danger points shall be protected:
by an interlocking guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.5. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'; or
by a hold-to-run control device in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.3, which is positioned so
that the danger area is visible to the operator and at a sufficient distance to prevent the operator being
endangered by the opening and closing of the roller housing. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
If it is necessary for certain operations to rotate the screw(s) or the feed roller with the feed system open, a
two hand control device in accordance with EN 574:1996, type II shall be provided if they are not protected by
design. This two hand control device shall be located in the immediate vicinity of the feed roller. Fixed guards
in accordance with EN 953, 3.2 or equivalent protective devices shall be fitted where this is necessary to
prevent the access of a second person to the danger area.
The single roller feeding device shall be provided with an emergency stop actuator in accordance with
EN ISO 13850:2006, stop category 0 or stop category 1 so that movement of the extruder screw and feed
roller can be stopped.
5.2.4.3 Double roller feeding system
The intake area of the feed rollers shall be protected:
by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
by a fixed hopper or other fixed guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2.
If the double roll feeding system is opened, for example by swinging away the feed hopper, the movement of
the rollers shall be stopped by an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. The
safety related parts of the control shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
If it is necessary for certain operations (e. g. in laboratories) to rotate the rollers with the feeding system open
a two hand control device in accordance with EN 574:1996, type II shall be provided. This two hand control
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device shall be positioned in the immediate vicinity of the roller. Fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997,
3.2 or equivalent protective devices shall be fitted where this is necessary to prevent access of a second
person to the danger area.
If the double roller feeding device can be swivelled away or dismantled, the opening shall be safeguarded in
accordance with 5.1.3.1.
The double roller feeding system shall be provided with an emergency stop actuator in accordance with
EN ISO 13850:2006, stop category 0 or stop category 1 so that movement of the extruder screw and the feed
rollers can be stopped.
5.2.4.4 Crammer feeding system
Danger areas of crammer feeding systems shall be protected:
by design; or
by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2; or
by interlocking guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.5. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
In all these cases the sa
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