SIST EN 60947-2:2006
(Main)Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 2: Circuit-breakers
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 2: Circuit-breakers
This standard applies to circuit-breakers, the main contacts of which are intended to be connected to circuits, the rated voltage of which does not exceed 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.; it also contains additional requirements for integrally fused circuit-breakers. It applies whatever the rated currents, the method of construction or the proposed applications of the circuit-breakers may be. The requirements for circuit-breakers which are also intended to provide earth-leakage protection are contained in Annex B. The additional requirements for circuit-breakers with electronic over-current protection are contained in Annex F. The additional requirements for circuit-breakers for IT systems are contained in Annex H. The requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of circuit-breakers are contained in Annex J. The requirements for circuit-breakers not fulfilling the requirements for over-current protection are contained in Annex L. The requirements for modular residual current devices (without integral current breaking device) are contained in Annex M. The requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of circuit-breaker auxiliaries are contained in Annex N. Supplementary requirements for circuit-breakers used as direct-on-line starters are given in IEC 60947-4-1, applicable to low-voltage contactors and starters. The requirements for circuit-breakers for the protection of wiring installations in buildings and similar applications, and designed for use by uninstructed persons, are contained in IEC 60898. The requirements for circuit-breakers for equipment (for example electrical appliances) are contained in IEC 60934. For certain specific applications (for example traction, rolling mills, marine service) particular or additional requirements may be necessary.
Niederspannungsschaltgeräte -- Teil 2: Leistungsschalter
Appareillage à basse tension -- Partie 2: Disjoncteurs
Applicable aux disjoncteurs dont les contacts principaux sont destinés à être reliés à des circuits dont la tension assignée ne dépasse pas 1 000 V en courant alternatif ou 1 500 V en courant continu; elle contient aussi des prescriptions supplémentaires pour les disjoncteurs à fusibles incorporés. Elle est applicable quels que soient les courants assignés, les méthodes de construction et l'emploi prévu des disjoncteurs.
Nizkonapetostne stikalne naprave – 2. del: Odklopniki (IEC 60947-2:2006)
Ta standard se uporablja za odklopnike, katerih glavni kontakti so namenjeni za povezavo s tokokrogi, katerih nazivna napetost ne presega 1000 V izmenične ali 1500 V enosmerne napetosti, prav tako pa zajema dodatne zahteve za odklopnike z vgrajeno varovalko. Uporablja se ne glede na nazivne toke, metodo konstrukcije ali predlagano uporabo odklopnikov. Zahteve za odklopnike, ki varujejo pred zemeljskim uhajanjem, zajema dodatek A. Dodatne zahteve za odklopnike z elektronsko zaščito pred nadtokom zajema dodatek F. Dodatne zahteve za odklopnike za sisteme IT zajema dodatek H. Zahteve in preskusne metode za elektromagnetno združljivost odklopnikov zajema dodatek J. Zahteve za odklopnike, ki ne izpolnjujejo zahteve za zaščito pred nadtokom zajema dodatek L. Zahteve za modularne naprave s preostalim tokom (brez vgrajene odklopne naprave) zajema dodatek M. Zahteve in metode preskušanja za elektromagnetno združljivost dodatkov odklopnika zajema dodatek N. Dodatne zahteve za odklopnike, ki se uporabljajo kot neposredni zaganjalniki, so podane v standardu IEC 60947-4-1 ter veljajo za nizkonapetostne kontaktorje in zaganjalnike. Zahteve za odklopnike za zaščito žičnih inštalacij v stavbah ter podobne uporabe in odklopnike, ki jih bodo uporabljale nepoučene osebe, so zajete v standardu IEC 60898. Zahteve za odklopnike za opremo (npr. za električne aparate) so zajete v standardu IEC 60934. Za določene uporabe (npr. vleka, valjarne, storitve v marinah) lahko veljajo posebne ali dodatne zahteve.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60947-2:2006
STANDARD
december 2006
Nizkonapetostne stikalne naprave – 2. del: Odklopniki (IEC 60947-2:2006)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 2: Circuit-breakers (IEC 60947-
2:2006)
ICS 5HIHUHQþQDãWHYLOND
29.130.20
SIST EN 60947-2:2006(en)
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60947-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.130.20 Supersedes EN 60947-2:2003
English version
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
Part 2: Circuit-breakers
(IEC 60947-2:2006)
Appareillage à basse tension Niederspannungsschaltgeräte
Partie 2: Disjoncteurs Teil 2: Leistungsschalter
(CEI 60947-2:2006) (IEC 60947-2:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60947-2:2006 E
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EN 60947-2:2006 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 17B/1455/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 60947-2, prepared by SC 17B, Low-voltage
switchgear and controlgear, of IEC TC 17, Switchgear and controlgear, was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60947-2 on 2006-07-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60947-2:2003.
The main changes introduced in EN 60947-2:2006 are an amendment to the verification of dielectric
properties, the improvement of EMC clauses in Annexes B, F, J and M, and the addition of a new Annex
O regarding instantaneous trip circuit-breakers.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-04-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-07-01
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of
EC Directive EMC (89/336/CEE). See Annex ZZ.
Annexes ZA and ZZ have been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60947-2:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60112 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60112:2003 (not modified).
IEC 60269-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60269-1:1998 (not modified), new edition at draft stage.
IEC 60269-2-1 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60269-2-1:2005 (not modified).
IEC 60269-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60269-3:1995 (not modified), new edition at draft stage.
IEC 60439 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60439 (Series) (not modified).
IEC 60947-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-3:1999 (not modified).
IEC 60947-5-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-5-1:2004 (not modified).
__________
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- 3 - EN 60947-2:2006
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-441 1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
A1 2000 (IEV) - -
Chapter 441: Switchgear, controlgear and
fuses
IEC 60051 Series Direct acting indicating analogue electrical EN 60051 Series
measuring instruments and their accessories
IEC 60068-2-14 1984 Environmental testing
+ A1 1986 Part 2: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature EN 60068-2-14 1999
IEC 60068-2-30 2005 Environmental testing EN 60068-2-30 2005
Part 2-30: Tests - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic
(12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60364 Series Low-voltage electrical installations - -
IEC 60364-4-41 2001 Electrical installations of buildings - -
Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection
against elctric shock
IEC 60695-2-10 2000 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-2-10 2001
Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire apparatus and common
test procedure
IEC 60695-2-11 2000 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-2-11 2001
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for end-products
IEC 60695-2-12 2000 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-2-12 2001
Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for materials
IEC 60695-2-13 2000 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-2-13 2001
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire ignitability test method
for materials
IEC/TR 60755 1983 General requirements for residual current - -
A1 1988 operated protective devices - -
A2 1992 - -
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EN 60947-2:2006 - 4 -
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60898 Series Electrical accessories - Circuit-breakers for EN 60898 Series
(mod) overcurrent protection for household and
similar installations
1) 2)
IEC 60934 - Circuit-breakers for equipment (CBE) EN 60934 2001
IEC 60947-1 2004 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear EN 60947-1 2004
Part 1: General rules + corr. November 2004
IEC 60947-4-1 2000 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear EN 60947-4-1 2001
A1 2002 Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - A1 2002
Electromechanical contactors and motor-
starters
3)
IEC 61000-3-2 2000 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-3-2 2000
(mod) Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current
A1 2001 emissions (equipment input current up to and
+ A2 2004 including 16 A per phase) A2 2005
IEC 61000-3-3 1994 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-3-3 1995
Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltage + corr. July 1997
A1 2001 changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in A1 2001
public low-voltage supply systems, for
equipment with rated current ≤ 16 A per
phase and not subject to conditional
connection
IEC 61000-4-2 1995 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-2 1995
A1 1998 Part 4-2: Testing and measurement A1 1998
A2 2000 techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity A2 2001
test
4)
IEC 61000-4-3 2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-3 2002
A1 2002 Part 4-3: Testing and measurement A1 2002
techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test
5)
IEC 61000-4-4 1995 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-4 1995
A1 2000 Part 4-4: Testing and measurement A1 2001
A2 2001 techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst A2 2001
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5 1995 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-5 1995
A1 2000 Part 4-5: Testing and measurement A1 2001
techniques - Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6 2003 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - -
A1 2004 Part 4-6: Testing and measurement - -
techniques - Immunity to conducted
disturbances, induced by radio-frequency
fields
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
3)
EN 61000-3-2 + A2 are superseded by EN 61000-3-2:2006, which is based on IEC 61000-3-2:2005.
4)
EN 61000-4-3 + A1 are superseded by EN 61000-4-3:2006, which is based on IEC 61000-4-3:2006.
5)
EN 61000-4-4 + A1 + A2 are superseded by EN 61000-4-4:2004, which is based on IEC 61000-4-4:2004.
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- 5 - EN 60947-2:2006
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61000-4-11 2004 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-11 2004
Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions
and voltage variations immunity tests
IEC 61000-4-13 2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-13 2002
Part 4-13: Testing and measurement
techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics
including mains signalling at a.c. power port,
low frequency immunity tests
IEC 61000-5-2 1997 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - -
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines -
Section 2: Earthing and cabling
IEC 61008-1 (mod) 1996 Residual current operated circuit-breakers
+ A1 (mod) 2002 without integral overcurrent protection for EN 61008-1 2004
household and similar uses (RCCB's)
Part 1: General rules
IEC 61009-1 1996 Residual current operated circuit-breakers
+ corr. May 2003 with integral overcurrent protection for
+ A1 (mod) 2002 household and similar uses (RCBO's) EN 61009-1 2004
Part 1: General rules + corr. July 2006
CISPR 11 (mod) 2003 Industrial scientific and medical (ISM) radio- - -
6)
+A1 (mod) 2004 frequency equipment - Electromagnetic EN 55011 200X
disturbance characteristics - Limits and
methods of measurement
6)
CISPR 22 (mod) 2005 Information technology equipment - Radio EN 55022 200X
A1 2005 disturbance characteristics - Limits and - -
methods of measurement
6)
To be published.
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EN 60947-2:2006 - 6 -
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and within its scope the standard covers all
relevant essential requirements as given in Article 4 of the EC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential
requirements of the Directive concerned.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling within
the scope of this standard.
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60947-2
Fourth edition
2006-05
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 2:
Circuit-breakers
IEC 2006 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
XK
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
60947-2 IEC:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.13
1 General .17
1.1 Scope and object.17
1.2 Normative references .19
2 Definitions .23
3 Classification .29
4 Characteristics of circuit-breakers.31
4.1 Summary of characteristics.31
4.2 Type of circuit-breaker.33
4.3 Rated and limiting values of the main circuit.33
4.4 Utilization categories .41
4.5 Control circuits .41
4.6 Auxiliary circuits .43
4.7 Releases .43
4.8 Integral fuses (integrally fused circuit-breakers) .45
5 Product information.45
5.1 Nature of the information .45
5.2 Marking .47
5.3 Instructions for installation, operation and maintenance.49
6 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions.49
7 Constructional and performance requirements .49
7.1 Constructional requirements .49
7.2 Performance requirements.53
7.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .65
8 Tests .65
8.1 Kind of tests .65
8.2 Compliance with constructional requirements.67
8.3 Type tests .67
8.4 Routine tests . 121
Annex A (normative) Co-ordination under short-circuit conditions between a circuit-
breaker and another short-circuit protective device associated in the same circuit. 131
Annex B (normative) Circuit-breakers incorporating residual current protection . 149
Annex C (normative) Individual pole short-circuit test sequence. 213
Annex D Vacant . 215
Annex E (informative) Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. 217
Annex F (normative) Additional tests for circuit-breakers with electronic over-current
protection. 219
Annex G (normative) Power loss . 279
Annex H (normative) Test sequence for circuit-breakers for IT systems . 285
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60947-2 IEC:2006 – 5 –
Annex J (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Requirements and test
methods for circuit-breakers. 289
Annex K (informative) Glossary of symbols related to products covered by this standard. 317
Annex L (normative) Circuit-breakers not fulfilling the requirements for overcurrent
protection. 321
Annex M (normative) Modular residual current devices (without integral current
breaking device). 331
Annex N (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Additional requirements
and test methods for devices not covered by Annexes B, F and M . 421
Annex O Instantaneous trip circuit-breakers (ICB) . 429
Bibliography . 435
Figure 1 – Test arrangement (connecting cables not shown) for short-circuit tests . 129
Figure A.1 – Over-current co-ordination between a circuit-breaker and a fuse or back-up
protection by a fuse: operating characteristics . 141
Figure A.2 Figure A.3. 143
Total discrimination between two circuit-breakers . 143
Figure A.4 Figure A.5. 145
Back-up protection by a circuit-breaker – Operating characteristics. 145
Figure A.6 – Example of test circuit for conditional short-circuit breaking capacity tests
showing cable connections for a 3-pole circuit-breaker (C ). 147
1
Figure B.1 – Test circuit for the verification of the operating characteristic (see B.8.2) . 197
Figure B.2 – Test circuit for the verification of the limiting value of the non-operating
current under over-current conditions (see B.8.5) . 199
Figure B.3 – Test circuit for the verification of the behaviour of CBRs classified under
B.3.1.2.2 (see B.8.9) . 201
Figure B.4 – Current ring wave 0,5 µs/100 kHz . 203
Figure B.5 – Example of test circuit for the verification of resistance to unwanted
tripping . 205
Figure B.6 – Surge current wave 8/20 µs . 205
Figure B.7 – Test circuit for the verification of resistance to unwanted tripping in case of
flashover without follow-on current (B.8.6.2) . 207
Figure B.8 – Test circuit for the verification of the correct operation of CBRs, in the case
of residual pulsating direct currents (see B.8.7.2.1, B.8.7.2.2 and B.8.7.2.3) . 209
Figure B.9 – Test circuit for the verification of the correct operation of CBRs, in the case
of a residual pulsating direct current superimposed by a smooth direct residual current
(see B.8.7.2.4) . 211
Figure F.1 – Representation of test current produced by back-to-back thyristors in
accordance with F.4.1 . 237
Figure F.2 – Test circuit for immunity and emission tests in accordance with F.4.1.3,
F.4.2, F.4.3, F.4.6, F.4.7.1, F.5.4 and F.6.2 – Two phase poles in series. 239
Figure F.3 – Test circuit for immunity and emission tests in accordance with F.4.1.3,
F.4.2, F.4.3, F.4.6, F.4.7.1, F.5.4 and F.6.2 – Three phase poles in series . 241
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60947-2 IEC:2006 – 7 –
Figure F.4 – Test circuit for immunity and emission tests in accordance with F.4.1.3,
F.4.2, F.4.3, F.4.6, F.4.7.1, F.5.4 and F.6.2 – Three-phase connection . 243
Figure F.5 – Test current for the verification of the influence of the current dips and
interruptions in accordance with F.4.7.1. 245
Figure F.6 – Circuit for electrical fast transients/bursts (EFT/B) immunity test in
accordance with F.4.4 – Two phase poles in series. 247
Figure F.7 – Circuit for electrical fast transients/bursts (EFT/B) immunity test in
accordance with F.4.4 – Three phase poles in series . 249
Figure F.8 – Circuit for electrical fast transients/bursts (EFT/B) immunity test in
accordance with F.4.4 – Three-phase connection . 251
Figure F.9 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of surges in the main circuit
(line-to-earth) in accordance with F.4.5 – Two phase poles in series . 253
Figure F.10 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of surges in the main
circuit (line-to-earth) in accordance with F.4.5 – Three phase poles in series . 255
Figure F.11 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of surges in the main
circuit (line-to-earth) in accordance with F.4.5 – Three-phase connection. 257
Figure F.12 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of current surges in the
main circuit in accordance with F.4.5 – Two phase poles in series . 259
Figure F.13 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of current surges in the
main circuit in accordance with F.4.5 – Three phase poles in series. 259
Figure F.14 – Test circuit for the verification of the influence of current surges in the
main circuit in accordance with F.4.5 – Three-phase connection . 261
Figure F.15 – Temperature variation cycles at a specified rate of change in accordance
with F.9.1. 261
Figure F.16 – General test set up for immunity tests . 263
Figure F.17 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to radiated r.f.
electromagnetic fields . 265
Figure F.18 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to electrical fast
transients/bursts (EFT/B) on power lines . 267
Figure F.19 – Test set up for verification of immunity to electrical fast transients/bursts
(EFT/B) on signal lines.269
Figure F.20 – General test set-up for the verification of immunity to conducted
disturbances induced by r.f. fields (common mode) . 271
Figure F.21 – Arrangement of connections for the verification of immunity to conducted
disturbances induced by r.f. fields - Two phase poles in series configuration. 273
Figure F.22 – Arrangement of connections for the verification of immunity to conducted
disturbances induced by r.f. fields - Three phase poles in series configuration . 275
Figure F.23 – Arrangement of connections for the verification of immunity to conducted
disturbances induced by r.f. fields – Three-phase configuration . 277
Figure G.1 – Example of power loss measurement according to G.2.1 . 283
Figure G.2 – Example of power loss measurement according to G.2.2 and G.2.3 . 283
Figure J.1 – EUT mounted in a metallic enclosure . 305
Figure J.2 – Test set up for the measurement of radiated r.f. emissions. 307
Figure J.3 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to electrostatic discharges . 309
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60947-2 IEC:2006 – 9 –
Figure J.4 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to radiated r.f. electromagnetic
fields. 311
Figure J.5 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to electrical fast
transients/bursts (EFT/B) on power lines . 313
Figure J.6 – Test set up for the verification of immunity to electrical fast
transients/bursts (EFT/B) on signal lines . 315
Figure K.1 – Relationship between symbols and tripping characteristics. 319
Figure M.1 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a steady
increase of residual current . 379
Figure M.2 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual current (with breaking device) . 381
Figure M.3 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual current (without breaking device). 383
Figure M.4 – Test circuits for the verification of the limiting value of non-operating
current under overcurrent conditions . 385
Figure M.5 – Test circuits for the verification of the resistance to unwanted tripping in
the case of loading of the network capacitance. 387
Figure M.6 – Test circuit for the verification of the resistance to unwanted tripping in the
case of flashover without follow-on current . 389
Figure M.7 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a continuous
rise of a residual pulsating direct current . 391
Figure M.8 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual pulsating direct current (without breaking device) . 393
Figure M.9 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual pulsating direct current (with breaking device) . 395
Figure M.10 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a residual
pulsating direct current superimposed by smooth direct current of 6 mA . 397
Figure M.11 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a slowly rising
residual smooth direct current . 399
Figure M.12 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual smooth direct current (without breaking device) . 401
Figure M.13 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a sudden
appearance of residual smooth direct current (with breaking device). 403
Figure M.14 – Test circuits for the verification of operation in the case of a slowly rising
residual current resulting from a fault in a circuit fed by a three-pul
...
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