SIST EN 474-1:2007
(Main)Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
This part of EN 474 specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery ) described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1 Rollers are covered by EN 500.
NOTE 2 Horizontal directional drill are covered by EN 791.
This part also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock.
This part gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine specific parts (EN 474-2 to -12) do not repeat the requirements from EN 474-1, but add or replace the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 3 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth-moving machinery.
Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of EN 474-1......
Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Dieser Teil von EN 474 legt allgemeine sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen für Erdbaumaschinen ) (ausgenommen Walzen) fest, die in EN ISO 6165:2002 beschrieben sind.
ANMERKUNG 1 Walzen sind durch die EN 500 abgedeckt.
Dieser Teil gilt auch für artverwandte Maschinen (siehe 3.1.2), die vorrangig für die Verwendung mit Arbeitseinrichtungen zum Lösen, Aufnehmen, Bewegen, Transportieren, Verteilen und Planieren von Erdreich und Gestein vorgesehen sind.
Dieser Teil beschreibt gemeinsame Sicherheitsanforderungen für alle Arten von Erdbaumaschinen und ist dazu vorgesehen, zusammen mit einem der Teile 2 bis 12 angewendet zu werden. Diese maschinenspezifischen Teile (2 bis 12) wiederholen nicht die Anforderungen dieses Dokuments (Teil 1), sondern ergänzen bzw. ersetzen Anforderungen für die jeweilige Maschinenart.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Anforderungen, die in diesem Teil der Normenreihe beschrieben sind, treffen auf zwei oder mehr Arten von Erdbaumaschinen zu.
Die spezifischen Anforderungen in den Teilen 2 bis 12 haben Vorrang vor den entsprechenden Anforderungen in diesem Dokument.
Für Mehrzweckmaschinen ist der Teil der Normenreihe anzuwenden, der die spezifischen Funktionen und Anwendungsfälle behandelt.
Dieses Dokument enthält auch allgemeine Anforderungen für Arbeitsausrüstungen, die dazu bestimmt sind, in Verbindung mit dem im Anwendungsbereich beschriebenen Erdbaumaschinen eingesetzt zu werden.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die elektrischen Gefährdungen, die aus einen Betrieb der Maschinen über ein stationäres Stromnetz resultieren sowie von Antrieben der Maschine, deren prinzipielle Energiequelle elektrisch ist.
Dieses Dokument behandelt die signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf Maschinen zum Sortieren und Glasieren zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Herstellers verwendet werden (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Prescriptions générales
La présente partie de l’EN 474 spécifie les prescriptions générales de sécurité applicables aux engins de terrassement ) définis par l’EN ISO 6165:2002, a l'exception des compacteurs.
NOTE 1 L’EN 500 traite des compacteurs.
La présente partie s'applique aussi aux machines dérivées (voir 3.1.2) conçues principalement pour etre utilisées avec un équipement de travail permettant de désagréger, prendre, déplacer, transporter et répandre des matériaux ou de niveler des matériaux ou de la roche.
La présente partie donne les prescriptions de sécurité communes applicables a tous les types d'engins de terrassement et doit etre utilisée conjointement avec l’une des parties 2 a 12. Ces parties (2 a 12) qui sont spécifiques aux différentes machines ne répetent pas les prescriptions de la présente Norme européenne (partie 1) mais en ajoutent ou en remplacent certaines applicables a la machine correspondante.
NOTE 2 Les prescriptions de sécurité communes spécifiées dans la présente partie de la norme concernent plus de deux familles d'engins de terrassement.
Les prescriptions spécifiques des parties 2 a 12 prennent le pas sur les prescriptions correspondantes de la présente Norme européenne.
Pour les engins de terrassement polyvalents, les parties de la norme qui traitent des fonctions et configurations spécifiques doivent etre utilisées.
La norme traite également des prescriptions générales relatives aux accessoires destinés a etre utilisés avec des familles d’engins de terrassement citées dans le domaine d’application.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des risques électriques liés aux circuits principaux de puissance et de commande des machines lorsque la principale source d’énergie est électrique.
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirementsStroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteveEngins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Prescriptions généralesErdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 474-1:2006SIST EN 474-1:2007en53.100Stroji za zemeljska delaEarth-moving machineryICS:SIST EN 474-1:2000/AC:2000SIST EN 474-1:2000/A1:2000SIST EN 474-1:20001DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 474-1:200701-maj-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 474-1November 2006ICS 53.100Supersedes EN 474-1:1994
English VersionEarth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirementsEngins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: PrescriptionsgénéralesErdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 474-1:2006: E
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.9 4 List of significant hazards.10 5 Safety requirements and/or measures.10 6 Verification of safety requirements/measures.29 7 Information for use.29 Annex A (normative)
List of significant hazards.34 Annex B (normative)
Requirements for attachment and attachment bracket.38 Annex C (informative)
Requirements for no-text safety signs.40 Annex D (normative)
Requirements for elevating operator's station.42 Annex E (normative)
Requirements for lifting device(s) used for object handling application.44 Annex F (normative)
Requirements for earth-moving machinery used in underground working in non-explosive atmosphere.50 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.52 Bibliography.53
Figures Figure 1 — Minimum clearance of lower limbs at access to the operator's station on
machines with articulated steering.11 Figure 2 — Dimensions access step.12 Figure 3 — Location of measuring points.15 Figure 4 — Position of antenna relative to earth-moving machinery with diesel engines.25 Figure 5 — Position of antenna relative to earth-moving machinery with spark ignition engine.25 Figure C.1 — ”Safety alert symbol”.41 Figure C.2 — "Read operation manual".41 Figure C.3 — "Crushing hazards".41 Figure C.4 — "Cutting hazards".41 Figure C.5 — "Hot surfaces".41
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 3 Figure C.6 — Emergency exit.41 Figure E.1 — Sling guidance over the back-wall of the bucket.45 Figure E.2 — Load direction.46 Figure E.3 — Safety latch.47 Figure E.4 — Load direction (example for test bed).48
Tables Table 1 — Space envelope height related to machine classification.14 Table A.1 — List of significant hazards.34
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 474-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building material machines — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2008. This European Standard supersedes EN 474-1:1994. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 474 "Earth-moving machinery — Safety" comprises the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers Part 3: Requirements for loaders Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators Part 6: Requirements for dumpers Part 7: Requirements for scrapers Part 8: Requirements for graders Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers Part 10: Requirements for trenchers Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators For specific machines covered by other parts of the standard, this European Standard is intended for use in combination with relevant other parts of the series. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 5 Introduction This part of EN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 6 1 Scope This part of EN 474 specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery1) described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill. NOTE 1 Rollers are covered by EN 500. NOTE 2 Horizontal directional drill are covered by EN 791. This part also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock. This part gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine specific parts (EN 474-2 to -12) do not repeat the requirements from EN 474-1, but add or replace the requirements for the family in question. NOTE 3 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth-moving machinery. Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of EN 474-1. For multipurpose machinery the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications have to be used e. g. a compact loader also used as a trencher shall use the relevant requirements of EN 474 parts 1, 3 and 10. The standard also covers general requirements for attachments intended to be used with earth moving machine families covered in the scope. This European Standard does not deal with the electrical hazards related to the main circuits and drives of machinery when the principal source of energy is electrical. This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery. This European Standard is not applicable to earth moving machines, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 286-2:1992, Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen — Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers EN 287-1:2004, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
1) For travelling on public roads the national traffic regulations apply until harmonised requirements are available. (A CEN-standard is under preparation)
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 7 EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics EN 1677-2:2000, Components for slings — Safety — Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8 EN 12643:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering requirements (ISO 5010:1992, modified) EN 13309:2000, Construction machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility of machines with internal electrical power supply EN 13510:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3471:1994, including Amendment 1:1997 modified) EN 13627:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3449:1992 modified) EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 61310-1:1995, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:1995) EN ISO 2860:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992) EN ISO 2867:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems (ISO 2867:2006) EN ISO 3411:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:1995) EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines — System and performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 3450:1996) EN ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003) EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995) EN ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Vocabulary Identification and terms and definitions (ISO 6165:2006) EN ISO 6682:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986 including Amendment 1:1989) EN ISO 6683:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005) EN ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO 7096:2000) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 8 EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006) ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning behaviour of interior materials ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in work places and public areas ISO 3864-2:2004, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels ISO 4250-3:1997, Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 3: Rims ISO 5006:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's field of view — Test method and performance criteria ISO 6011:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO/DIS 6395:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level noise emissions — Dynamic test conditions ISO/DIS 6396:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator's position — Dynamic test conditions ISO 6405-1:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols ISO 6405-2:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories ISO 6749:1984, Earth-moving machinery — Preservation and storage ISO 8643:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device — Requirements and tests ISO 9533:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Machine mounted forward and reverse audible warning alarm — Sound test method ISO 10263-2:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 2: Air filter test ISO 10263-3:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3: Operator enclosure pressurization test method ISO 10264:1990, Earth-moving machinery — Key-locked starting systems ISO 10265:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems ISO 10532:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted retrieval device — Performance requirements
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 9 ISO 10533:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Lift-arm support devices ISO 10570:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Articulated frame lock — Performance requirements ISO 10968:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's controls ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's seat — Dimensions and requirements ISO 11862:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Auxiliary starting aid electrical connector ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices ISO 13333:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Dumper body support and operator's cab tilt support devices ISO 14396:2002, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Determination and method for the measurement of engine power — Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178 ISO 14401-1:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 1: Test methods ISO 14401-2:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 2: Performance criteria ISO 15817:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control ISO/DIS 15998:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components — Performance criteria and tests for functional safety 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. Earth-moving machinery and their families are defined in EN ISO 6165:2006. NOTE
Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this document.
3.1 earth-moving machinery self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawler or legs, having equipment and/or attachment (working tool), primarily designed to perform excavating, loading, transporting, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock or similar materials NOTE An earth-moving machine is normally operated by a ride-on operator but can also be remote – or pedestrian –controlled. 3.1.1 compact machine earth-moving machinery having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 4 500 kg or less, or compact excavators having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 6 000 kg or less
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 10 3.1.2 derivative machinery earth-moving machinery fitted with equipment and/or attachment which modifies its function NOTE For the European Economic Area (EEA) the equipment or attachment or a piece of equipment as defined in ISO 6016:1998 which modifies the function of the machine and is intended to be assembled by the operator can be "interchangeable equipment" in the sense of the Machinery Directive. 3.2 attachment (working tool) component or assembly of components, which can be mounted onto the base machine or equipment (see ISO 6746-1:2003, ISO 6746-2:2003 and ISO 6016:1998) for a specific use 3.3 attachment bracket device to facilitate quick interchange of attachments 3.4 object handling application of earth-moving machinery comprising lifting, lowering and transporting of a load by use of lifting accessories, whereby the assistance of a person or the operator of the machine is required for hooking, unhooking or stabilising (whilst transporting) the load NOTE 1 If the load is picked-up by a self-acting device and no assistance of a person is required for hooking, unhooking and stabilising the load, this work is considered as usual earth-moving application. NOTE 2 Lifting accessories are, e. g., wire ropes, chains or textile straps; loads in object handling application are, e. g., pipes, vessels; self-acting devices are, e. g., grabs, clamshell buckets, log clamps, vacuum lifting device, magnetic plate and fork. 3.5 maximum rated operating/lift capacity in object handling maximum capacity which can be lifted at least in one position of the working range as specified by the manufacturer (e. g. on the rated object handling capacity table) in the most stable configuration (e. g. outriggers down) NOTE The term "rated operating capacity" is defined in ISO 14397-1:2002 and used in EN 474-3 and EN 474-4.
The term "rated lift capacity" is defined in ISO 10567:1992 and used in EN 474-5.
Both terms are equivalent.
4 List of significant hazards See Annex A. NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as common to two or more machinery families and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this European Standard, as far as not modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard series. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN ISO 12100-2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this European Standard.
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 11 5.2 Access 5.2.1 General requirements Adequate access systems shall be provided to the operator's station and areas where routine maintenance has to be performed by the operator as described in the operator's manual. Access system shall comply with EN ISO 2867:2006. Effect of mud on the means of access shall be minimised by adequate design. 5.2.2 Access to articulated machines On machines with articulated frames and in the fully articulated steering position, a minimum clearance of 150 mm for the lower limbs shall be provided between firm structures or components with relative movement in the path of the access systems to the operator's station, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Minimum clearance of lower limbs at access to the operator's station on machines with articulated steering 5.2.3 Access system on crawler machines with step(s) Access step(s) integrated in the track frame shall meet the requirements as stated below (see also Figure 2). A step of an access system can be retracted under an angle of ≤ 15°, if at least the basic dimension of riser height dimension B, and the tread depth F1 according to Figure 1 and Table 1 of EN ISO 2867:2006 is met, measured from the outer edges of the track shoes. In such a case, taken into account the limited view during egress, the step width shall be at least as wide as the minimum in accordance with Table 1 of EN ISO 2867:2006.
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 12
Key B
≤ 400 mm F1
≥ 130 mm Q maximum retraction of a step Figure 2 — Dimensions access step 5.3 Operator's station 5.3.1 General requirements 5.3.1.1 Machinery equipment Machines with an operating mass less than 1 500 kg are not required to have a cab. Machines with an operating mass greater than or equal to 1 500 kg shall be equipped with a cab, unless the foreseeable adverse weather conditions allow all-year operation without a cab (negotiated between manufacturer and user). Machines shall be equipped with a cab and a contamination protective system if the machine is intended for use in unhealthy environments, e. g. contaminated areas (negotiated between manufacturer and user). See 5.14.1. If a hazard due to projection of splinters exists, e. g. operation with a hydraulic- or demolition-hammer, an adequate protection such as bullet proof glass, mesh guard or an equivalent protection is required. 5.3.1.2 Minimum space The minimum space available to the operator shall be as defined in EN ISO 3411:1999 (except as amended in 5.3.2.5).
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 13 For compact machines the minimum space envelope width (dimension 920 mm in EN ISO 3411:1999, Figure 5) may be reduced to 650 mm. The minimum space and location of the controls at the operator's station shall meet the requirements specified in EN ISO 6682:1995. 5.3.1.3 Moving parts Measures shall be taken to avoid accidental contact from the operating position with moving parts, e. g. the wheels, or tracks or working equipment and/or attachment in accordance with relevant subclauses of 5.14. 5.3.1.4 Engine exhaust The engine exhaust system shall release the exhaust gas away from the operator and the air inlet of the cab. 5.3.1.5 Instruction storage A space intended for the safekeeping of the operator’s manual and other instructions shall be provided near the operator's station. The space shall be lockable, unless the operator's station can be locked. 5.3.1.6 Sharp edges The operator's space within the operator's station, e. g. ceiling, inner walls, instrument panels and access to the operator's station shall not present any sharp edges or acute angles/corners. Radius of corners and bluntness of edges shall comply with ISO 12508:1994 to avoid sharp edges (see also 5.14.6). 5.3.2 Operator's station equipped with a cab 5.3.2.1 Climatic conditions The cab shall protect the operator against foreseeable adverse climatic conditions. Provisions shall be made to install a ventilation system, an adjustable heating system and a system for defrosting windows. For details see 5.3.2.6 to 5.3.2.8. 5.3.2.2 Pipes and hoses Pipes and hoses located inside the cab which contain fluids that are dangerous, for example because of their pressure (greater than 5 MPa), temperature (greater than 50°C) shall be guarded, see EN ISO 3457:2003, Clause 9. NOTE As far as possible pipes and hoses should be placed outside the cab. Parts or components placed between pipes or hoses and the operator, which divert e. g. a hazardous spray of fluid, can be considered as a sufficient protection device. 5.3.2.3 Primary access opening A primary access opening shall be provided. The dimensions shall comply with EN ISO 2867:2006, Figure 4 and Table 4. 5.3.2.4 Alternative opening (emergency exit) An alternative opening shall be provided on a side other than that of the primary opening. The dimensions shall comply with EN ISO 2867:2006, Clause 11. A window panel or another door is acceptable if they are easy to open or remove without the use of keys or tools. Latches may be used if they can be opened from the inside without the use of keys or tools. The break of a suitable size of glass pane is considered equivalent to
EN 474-1:2006 (E) 14 an alternative opening. In such a case the necessary pane hammer, immediately accessible to the operator, shall be provided and stored in the cab. When the window panel is used as an emergency exit it shall bear an appropriate marking according to Figure 8 of EN 61310-1:1995. 5.3.2.5 Space envelope height The minimum space envelope height R1 as defined in Figure 5 of EN ISO 3411:1999 and measured from the seat index point (SIP), as defined in EN ISO 5353:1998, shall meet the values given in Table 1. Table 1 — Space envelope height related to machine classification Machine classification Minimum space envelope height mm from the SIP Compact machines 920 All other machines 1 000
The minimum dimensions given in Table 1 are also required for machines having a front or rear window which are located (in an opened position) above the operator's seat. 5.3.2.6 Heating and ventilation system If a heating system is fitted it shall either: a) comply with ISO 10263-4:1994, or b) have the capability of increasing the temperature of the air inside the cab and maintain a temperature of + 18°C at expected ambient temperature the machine is intended for. The minimum capacity of the heating system shall have a ∆T of 25°C (∆T of 25 K) within 30 min. The test shall run starting with the engine at working temperature as specified by the manufacturer. Measurement of the system capacity shall be made at three points. The three points shall be located in a vertical plane through the SIP and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine as follows (see Figure 3): 1) at filament position centre-point as defined in ISO 5006:2006; 2) at the SIP as defined in EN ISO 5353:1998; 3) 100
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