oSIST prEN 15328:2026

• Abstract:

  This document specifies requirements for pads for disc brakes of railway rolling stock. The document defines requirements and generic test programs for brake pads on dynamometer. This document does not cover mandatory tests to verify stopping distances in addition to laboratory, bench test and in-service tests. In order to qualify the brake pad performance in accordance with the classification the standard provides fixed parameter figures as categories defined in paragraph classification scheme. This document is not applicable for urban rail applications.

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Dec-2026
• ICS: 45.040 - Materials and components for railway engineering
• Technical Committee: IŽNP - Reilway applications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 28-Oct-2026
• Due Date: 17-Mar-2027
• Directive: 2016/797/EU - Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/591 - Standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardisation and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation as regards railway products in support of Directive (EU) 2016/797
• Ref Project: prEN 15328 - Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads

• Referred By: SIST-TS CEN/TS 18139:2025 - Personal identification - European guide for biometric recognition applications based on ID documents (ERG)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Revises: SIST EN 15328:2020+A1:2024 - Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads
• Effective Date: 27-Nov-2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2026
Železniške naprave - Zavore - Zavorne obloge
Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads
Bahnanwendungen - Bremsen - Bremsbeläge
Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Garniture de frein
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15328
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2026
ICS Will supersede EN 15328:2020+A1:2024
English Version
Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads
Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Garniture de frein Bahnanwendungen - Bremsen - Bremsbeläge
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15328:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
5.1 Classification of brake pads . 9
5.2 Range of validity for vehicle implementation . 9
5.3 Coefficient of friction . 10
5.4 Environmental impact, health and safety . 10
5.5 Usage requirements . 10
5.6 Frictional requirements for brake pads . 11
5.7 Requirements and optional test programs for brake pads for coaches. 13
5.8 Geometrical features of the brake pads . 14
5.9 Mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics . 14
5.10 Thermal and mechanical requirements . 15
5.11 In-service assessment . 16
5.12 Marking of brake pads . 16
5.13 Dynamometer test . 16
5.14 Conditions for classification test . 16
5.15 Guidelines for interchangeability of brake pads . 19
Annex A (informative) Generic conditions for the execution of test programs . 20
A.1 General. 20
A.2 Response time . 20
A.3 Weighing . 20
A.4 Interruption of test sequence . 20
A.5 Temperatures. 20
A.6 Brake applications under wet conditions . 20
A.7 Condition of break discs . 21
A.8 Bedding-in of brake pads . 22
A.9 Methods of temperature measurements . 22
A.10 Mean friction radius. 23
A.11 Rotation and ventilation conditions . 23
A.12 Wheel diameter . 23
Annex B (normative) Test programs for classes A1 to G1 . 24
B.1 Test program: brake pads for class A1 . 24
B.2 Test program: brake pads of class B1 and C1 . 27
B.3 Test Program: brake pads of classes B2 and C2 . 31
B.4 Test program: brake pads of class C0 . 36
B.5 Test program: brake pads of class C3 . 39
B.6 Test program: brake pads of class D1 . 41
B.7 Test program: brake pads of class D2 . 44
B.8 Test program: brake pads of class E1 . 48
B.9 Test program: brake pads of class F1 . 50
B.10 Test program: brake pads of classes F2 and G1. 53
B.11 Test program: brake pads of class F3 . 56
B.12 Assessment of static friction coefficient . 58
Annex C (normative) Test programs for coaches . 59
C.1 Test program S1.1 (v = 200 km/h – organic brake pads) . 59
max
C.2 Test program S2.1 (wet test) . 61
C.3 Instantaneous coefficient of friction for test program S1, S2, T1 and T2 . 62
C.4 Mean coefficient of friction for test programs S1.1, S2.1, T1 and T2 . 63
C.5 Test program T1 (v = 200 km/h – sintered brake pads) . 64
max
C.6 Test program T2 wet test (sintered brake pads) . 66
Annex D (normative) Documentation of brake tests . 68
Annex E (normative) Generic test programs . 70
E.1 Use of the generic test programs. 70
E.2 Locomotives and Vehicles other than high-speed vehicles . 70
E.3 High-speed vehicles . 76
Annex F (normative) Brake pads shapes and envelopes . 80
F.1 General . 80
F.2 Preferred space envelope for SBP 200 cm . 80
F.3 Preferred space envelope for SBP 175 cm . 81
F.4 Space envelope for SBP 200 cm . 81
F.5 Maximum Space envelope for SBP 175 cm . 82
Annex G (normative) Drawings for dove tails . 83
Annex H (informative) In-service test . 88
H.1 Test requirements . 88
H.2 Mechanical requirements . 88
H.3 Thermal requirements . 89
Annex I (informative) Example of the declaration of conformity . 90
Bibliography . 91

European foreword
This document (prEN 15328:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
application”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15328:2020+A1:2024.
EN 15328:2020+A1:2024:
— new terms 3.9 “braked mass per disc” and 3.10 “braking energy per disc” and 3.11 “braking power
per disc” have been added;
— Table 1, Symbols and abbreviations has been updated;
— 5.2 “Range of validity for vehicle implementation” has been added;
— 5.14.1 “Conditions for classification tests” has been revised;
— 5.15 “Guideline for interchangeability of brake pads” has been revised;
— Annexes have been aligned accordingly;
— Annex G “Drawings for dove tails” has been revised.
Introduction
This document gives the requirements for the design, dimensions, performance and testing of a brake
pad which, as part of a disc brake system, acts on one friction face of a brake disc in accordance with
EN 14535-1 and EN 14535-2.
This document contains the requirements for interfacing the brake pads with the rail vehicle, the testing
procedures in order to confirm that it satisfies the basic safety and technical requirements, the material
control procedures to ensure product quality, reliability and conformity, as well health and
environmental requirements are fulfilled.

1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for pads for disc brakes of railway rolling stock.
The document defines requirements and generic test programs for brake pads on dynamometer. This
document does not cover mandatory tests to verify stopping distances in addition to laboratory, bench
test and in-service tests. In order to qualify the brake pad performance in accordance with the
classification the standard provides fixed parameter figures as categories defined in paragraph
classification scheme.
This document is not applicable for urban rail applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14535-1, Railway applications - Brake discs for railway rolling stock - Part 1: Brake discs pressed or
shrunk onto the axle or drive shaft, dimensions and quality requirements
EN 14535-2, Railway applications - Brake discs for railway rolling stock - Part 2: Brake discs mounted onto
the wheel, dimensions and quality requirements
EN 16451, Railway applications – Braking - Brake pad holder
EN ISO 13715, Technical product documentation — Edges of undefined shape — Indication and
dimensioning (ISO 13715)
EN ISO 21920-2:2022, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile — Part 2:
Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 21920-2: 2021, Corrected version 2022-06)
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025)
EN ISO 8015, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Fundamentals - Concepts, principles and rules (ISO
8015)
EN ISO 24478, Railway applications - Braking - General vocabulary (ISO 24478)
ISO 2768-1, General tolerances – Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual
tolerance indications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 24478, EN 14535-1,
EN 14535-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
instantaneous coefficient of friction
instantaneous value of coefficient of friction of the friction couple brake pad/brake disc at any instant
during braking
3.2
static coefficient of friction
coefficient of friction achieved by the friction couple at the point where relative movement between the
brake pad friction face and brake disc friction face begins
3.3
brake disc temperature
arithmetic average value of the temperature measurements on the brake disc friction faces
3.4
contact surface area
static contact surface of the brake pad available for frictional engagement with the brake disc friction face
3.5
friction material
consumable portion of the brake pad that acts on the friction face of the brake disc in order to provide
the specified brake performance
3.6
brake pad
assembly of friction material and an associated fixing element acting on one friction face of a brake disc
Note 1 to entry: A brake pad can be manufactured in one piece or comprise two separate parts. Where
manufactured in two separate halves, the brake pad comprises one left-hand and one right-hand half. For a brake
disc four brake pad halves or two brake pads can be used.
3.7
continuous brake application 1
brake application which represents the Gotthard-Ramp with friction brakes only
3.8
continuous brake application 2
brake application which represents the reference case of TSI Loc&Pas to perform a continuous brake
application in load condition ‘maximum braking load’ at speed equal to 90 % of the maximum operating
speed on maximum descending gradient of 35 ‰ during 6 km with friction brakes and a train resistance
(25 % of the total brake force)
3.9
braked mass per brake disc
proportionate mass of the vehicle including rotational mass to be braked per disc
3.10
braking energy per brake disc
braking energy calculated using maximum operating speed of the vehicle and the braked mass per brake
disc
3.11
braking power per brake disc
product of brake force per disc at maximum operating speed and the maximum operating speed
Note 1 to entry: For high-speed vehicles with two- or more step braking, it is possible that the braking power for
speeds at the stepping point is higher than for the maximum operating speed. Here the braking power at the
maximum operating speed is used
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Designation Unit
F
Nominal application force per brake disc kN
B
F
Instantaneous application force per brake disc kN
b
F
Braking force per brake disc kN
br
E
Braking energy per brake disc MJ
br
P
Maximum braking power per brake disc kW
br
m Mass to be braked per brake disc (inclusive of the rotational masses) t
Q Water flow rate l/h
Ra Refer to EN ISO 21920-2 μm
Rz Refer to EN ISO 21920-2 μm
s Stopping distance from the moment on when F = 0,95 F to rest
m
2 b B
v
Theoretical initial speed at the brake application initiation km/h
v Instantaneous speed km/h
v
Maximum service speed km/h
max
Friction coefficient (brake pad):
µ
—
a
The instantaneous friction coefficient specified at every instant of the
braking time
s
µµ=⋅ ⋅ d Mean friction coefficient: —
m as
∫
s
Symbol Designation Unit
The mean friction coefficient μm integrated over the time from where
95 % of the nominal application force F is reached over the stopping
B
distance s
µ
Nominal friction coefficient (brake pad) —
m,nom
θ Mean initial temperature at the beginning of the brake application °C
AMD Axle mounted disc
CI Cast iron
MU Multiple unit (EMU/DMU)
SBP Standard brake pad
WMD Wheel mounted disc
5 Characteristics and test method of the brake
5.1 Classification of brake pads
This document defines the characteristics required for the categories A1 to G1 of brake pads, listed in
Table 5. The characteristic requirements for the application in coaches used in general operation are
listed in Table 8.
Classification tests for brake pads shall be carried out with the test program corresponding to the
performance class to which it is sought (see Table 6). If a performance class covers other performance
classes, the declaration of conformity includes those performance classes (see Table 7).
The specific parameters in the test program of Annex B and Annex C are specified in order to assess the
basic friction performance and to get comparable results.
Brake pads that have a valid UIC certification according to UIC 541-3, 8th Ed (preliminary or full) comply
with EN 15328:2020+A1:2024 for the corresponding vehicle and energy performance class.
Brake pads which comply with EN 15328:2020+A1:2024 can retain the declaration of conformity to
EN 15328 for a period of ten years after the declaration was issued. New declarations of conformity shall
relate to the current released version of the standard.
NOTE The declaration of conformity can be issued by the manufacturer on the basis of the test results. An
example of the declaration of conformity is given in Annex I.
For the vehicles not covered by Table 7 project specific test program in accordance with Annex E shall be
applied.
5.2 Range of validity for vehicle implementation
The classification of the brake pads may be used for:
— any brake disc type (wheel or axle mounted brake disc);
— any outer diameter of the brake disc;
— any material of the brake disc.
The references are the braking energy (see Formula (1)) and the maximum braking power (see Formula
(2)) per stop per brake disc of any project specific brake application with the highest application force as
well as the maximum braked mass. Further restrictions shall be considered which are determined in
5.14.4.
1 2
(1)
𝐸𝐸 = � ×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑣𝑣
br max
𝑃𝑃 =𝐹𝐹 ×𝑣𝑣 (2)
br br max
In principle, the scope of classification is defined by the performance class for which tests were
conducted.
The usage of the classification in a specific project, as outlined in the program of the performance class X,
may be permitted under the following conditions:
a) The project-specific braking energy and power per stop do not exceed the performance class X level.
b) The project-specific braking energy and power per stop is higher than defined for performance
class X. Up to 10 % higher braking energy and power per stop the conformity shall be shown in
vehicle implementation test or in generic test program in accordance with Annex E.
5.3 Coefficient of friction
The coefficient of friction should be independent of the wear (full thickness of the brake pad), the specific
pressure, the temperature and the environmental conditions.
In wet conditions, or when there is snow, the instantaneous coefficient of friction should vary only slightly
compared to the coefficient of friction under dry conditions.
These frictional characteristics shall be assessed in accordance with 5.5 to 5.6.
5.4 Environmental impact, health and safety
All raw materials used in the manufacture of the brake pads shall comply with the relevant requirements
for environment, health and safety.
NOTE Relevant requirements are given in regulations of environment, health and safety, notably REACH
regulations.
In addition, a safety data sheet shall be presented.
5.5 Usage requirements
The composition of the material from which the brake pads are made should be chosen so that the best
compromise is obtained between:
— the frictional properties;
— the wear of the break pads, and;
— the aggressiveness against the break disc.
5.6 Frictional requirements for brake pads
5.6.1 General
This subclause describes the requirements for brake pads used in locomotives, MUs, freight wagons and
coaches. Optional test programs and requirements for coaches are defined in 5.6.
5.6.2 Priority levels of brake applications
In the test programs A1 to G1, the brake applications are prioritized, in accordance with a decreasing
level of importance, as given in Table 2.
Brake applications with highest nominal application force (highest nominal deceleration) under normal
conditions representing emergency brake applications are rated with priority 1. All other brake
applications are rated according to their safety relevance with priorities 2 to 4. Continuous and parking
brake applications are not stopping brake applications and therefore assessed according to different
criteria and there is no priority level assigned with these brake applications. Bedding brake applications
which are carried out prior to the main stopping brake applications are assessed separately.
Table 2 — Priority levels of brake applications for test programs
Priority level Type of brake application
Dry brake applications with the highest nominal application force for each mass,
normal conditions
Wet brake applications and hot brake applications with highest nominal application
force, for each mass
Brake applications with highest nominal application force used for cleaning, drying,
regenerating, or after continuous brake applications, for each mass
All other brake applications, with the exception of continuous brake applications and
bedding brake applications and the examination of static coefficient of friction
Continuous brake applications, brake applications used for bedding-in, examination
—
of static coefficient of friction

Normal conditions refer to brake applications under dry conditions with low initial temperature and with
the brake disc and the brake pad unaffected by high thermal load or residual wetness.
Brake pads of categories A1 to G1 are characterized by their friction behaviour, expressed as the velocity-
dependent nominal line.
The nominal line for the coefficient of friction is calculated for each brake pad and each test program as
the linear regression line of the mean coefficients of friction (expressed in a rounding range of 0,001)
versus speed of all brake applications with priority 1, extending from the lowest to the highest test speed.
5.6.3 Criteria for the nominal line
The nominal line should lie between 0,300 and 0,450.
It shall lie between 0,280 and 0,470. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value
of the nominal line shall be less or equal to 0,150.
5.6.4 Criteria for the mean coefficient of friction
Allowed deviations of coefficients of friction are expressed by means of tolerance bands centred around
the nominal line.
The tolerance bands for the mean coefficients of friction in accordance with their priority level are given
in Table 3.
Table 3 — Tolerance bands for the mean coefficients of friction vs, priority levels
Priority level of
1 2 3 4
brake application
Tolerance band 1 ±10 % ±15 % ±20 % ±25 %
Tolerance band 2 ±15 % ±20 % ±25 % ±30 %

The mean coefficient of friction for each brake application shall lie within the bounds of the tolerance
band 1 in accordance with its priority, while the following exceptions are tolerated:
— a total of 6 % of all brake applications (rounded to the closest integer) of priority 1 may deviate
from tolerance band 1 towards the negative side;
— a total of 12 % of all brake applications (rounded to the closest integer) of priority 1 may deviate
from tolerance band 1;
— a total of 5 % of all brake applications (rounded to the closest integer) of priorities 2 to 4 may
deviate from tolerance band 1 towards the negative side;
— a total of 10 % of all brake applications (rounded to the closest integer) of priorities 2 to 4 may
deviate from tolerance band 1.
No mean coefficient of friction shall lie outside of tolerance band 2.
5.6.5 Criteria for continuous brake applications
During continuous brake applications, after 10 s the instantaneous coefficient of friction shall stay inside
the band defined by µ = 0,250 and µ = 0,500.
min max
After 2 minutes the instantaneous coefficient of friction shall not vary more than 0,05 during any minute
and the coefficient of friction shall stay inside the band defined by µ = 0,250 and µ = 0,500.
min max
The brake pad wear during any continuous brake application, including the stop brake application,
thereafter, shall not exceed 1 mm. The wear in mm can be calculated from the weight differences before
and after the continuous brake application.
5.6.6 Criteria for bedding brake applications
The nominal coefficient of friction of the bedded state shall be defined as the average of measured mean
coefficients of friction µm of the last 5 braking stops carried out during the bedding section.
During the bedding-in phase, the mean coefficients of friction shall not exceed the following variations
from the nominal value of the bedded state:
th
— ± 30 % from the 11 bedding-in brake application until 30 % of number of the bedding-in
applications are finished;
— ± 15 % during the rest of the bedding-in process.
5.7 Requirements and optional test programs for brake pads for coaches
5.7.1 General
The frictional requirements for brake pads in coaches used in generic operation are described in 5.6.2 to
5.6.6. The optional test programs are defined in S1 and S2 for organic material and T1 and T2 for sintered
material and may be used instead of performance class C0 (see Annex C).
5.7.2 Tolerance ranges
The tolerance ranges for the instantaneous and mean coefficients of friction on a dry brake disc are given
for the respective applications in the figures of the corresponding annexes. The instantaneous and the
mean coefficients of friction measured in the test bench tests shall be documented in the appropriate
tolerance diagrams. For the highest nominal application forces of the test program the mean coefficients
of friction are summarized in a separate tolerance diagram and documented in tabular form. The average
value of these mean coefficients of friction at a speed of 120 km/h at the highest nominal application force
(excluding brake application with high initial temperatures) should not vary more than 10 % upwards or
5 % downwards from the nominal coefficient of friction given in the tolerance diagram of the respective
test program. At speeds above 120 km/h, the average values of these mean coefficients of friction shall
not vary more than 10 % upwards or 10 % downwards from the nominal coefficients of friction.
5.7.3 Criteria for continuous brake applications
During continuous brake applications, after 10 seconds the instantaneous coefficient of friction shall stay
inside the band defined by µ = 0,250 and µ = 0,500.
min max
After 2 minutes the instantaneous coefficient of friction shall not vary more than 0,05 during any minute
and the coefficient of friction shall stay inside the band defined by µ = 0,250 and µ = 0,500.
min max
5.7.4 Criteria for bedding brake applications
The mean coefficient of friction of the bedded state shall be defined as the average of measured mean
coefficient of friction of the last 5 braking stops carried out during the bedding section.
During the bedding-in phase, the mean coefficients of friction shall not exceed the following variations
from the nominal value of the bedded state:
th
— ± 30 % from the 11 bedding-in brake application until 30 % of number of the bedding-in
applications are finished;
— ± 15 % during the rest of the bedding-in process.
5.7.5 Coefficient for friction under high thermal load
For brake applications to a stand, which are done from a high initial temperature (approximately 140 °C,
excluding brake application after continuous brake applications and for two consecutive emergency
brake without cooling time), the mean coefficient of friction under otherwise similar conditions shall not
vary by more than ± 15 % from the average of the mean coefficients of friction of brake applications
initiated from the cold and dry condition.
5.7.6 Coefficient of friction under wet conditions
In wet conditions, with the highest nominal application force of test programs S2 and T2 the mean
coefficient of friction shall not vary – all other things being equal – by more than ± 15 % compared with
the average of mean coefficients of friction obtained during braking under dry conditions. The mean
coefficients of friction of the other brake applications to a stand of this test program shall not under-run
the absolute value of µ = 0,250 under otherwise similar conditions.
m
5.8 Geometrical features of the brake pads
5.8.1 Brake pad shape
The SBP shall be designed in accordance with Annex F.
5.8.2 Brake pad wear
The design of the brake pads shall enable them to wear uniformly to a friction material thickness of 5 mm
or defined by design specification.
5.8.3 Brake pad fixing
The brake pads should be affixed to the vehicle by pushing them into a dovetail. If the brake pad is used
with a brake pad holder in accordance with EN 16451 the dove tail shall be designed in accordance with
Annex G.
5.9 Mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics
The mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics shall be homogeneous across the entire active
thickness.
The brake pads shall not deform under the effect of heat or humidity so that they can no longer be fitted
or removed.
A material data sheet, on which sufficient mechanical and physical characteristics of the friction material
are given, shall be presented so that by quality testing or subsequent inspections it is possible to check
that these characteristics have not changed, and the brake pad actually conforms to the approved brake
pad material.
The organic and sintered brake pads shall be tested in accordance with Table 4. For other materials the
mechanical and physical test characteristic shall be agreed before the test.
The results serve as a database for the material data sheet, which shall then serve as a reference
demonstrating that the brake pads subsequently manufactured during series production correspond to
the brake pads used. Tests marked “A” shall be conducted with a specimen from one of the batches used
for the assessment in conformity to this document.
Tests marked “B” shall be conducted with test products from each of the batches used for the assessment
in conformity to this document. Friction parameters shall be derived from at least three batches.
Tabe 4 — Reference tests for quality assurance
Organic brake Sintered brake
pads pads
a
Chemical composition
A A
Macrostructure — A
b
Hardness or compressibility B B
Coefficient of friction (small scale
B B
bench tests for brake pads)
Organic brake Sintered brake
pads pads
Density B B
c
Resistance to high temperatures — A
a
Results for chemical analysis are confidential. They are not included in the test
report. They have to be retained for future comparison.
b
Shall be defined before assessment.
c
For resistance to high temperatures tests, unless otherwise specified, the
maintaining of the brake pad stud at temperatures of (710 ± 5) °C for 1,5 h shall not
cause any variation in thickness > 3 % after cooling down in comparison to the width
registered before the start of the test.

At least the following information shall be provided with the data sheet of a brake pad:
— performance class;
— nominal line for the friction coefficient;
— range of specific pressure;
— maximum sliding speed at the brake radius;
— maximum temperature sustained;
— maximum temperature momentarily sustained;
— density.
The test results shall be attached to the test report. The test method and the tolerance band for each
property shall be defined in accordance with the product itself and the production process.
Hardness/compressibility, coefficient of friction (small-scale bench tests for brake pad material) and
density shall be tested with:
a) test samples taken from an area near the contact surface;
b) test samples taken from an area near the wear limit.
Comparison of the results from A and B shall show that the material is homogeneous and retains its
properties across the entire active thickness.
5.10 Thermal and mechanical requirements
The shape, number and arrangement of the rubbing parts on the carrier plate shall be designed to achieve
a most uniform temperature distribution in the brake disc.
During friction bench testing the following shall not occur:
— flames;
— blow-outs or exfoliation over an area of more than 10 % of the brake pad surface;
— any damage jeopardizing the mechanical strength of the brake pad, leading to significant material
deposits on the brake disc or creating unusual levels of wear.
5.11 In-service assessment
The in-service assessment is not requested by this document for the generic classification.
If an in-service assessment is requested for a specific application, it should be performed in conformity
with Annex H.
5.12 Marking of brake pads
On the back of each part of a brake pad, there shall be the following marks:
— name or abbreviation of the manufacturer;
— year of manufacture;
— week and/or number of batch;
— brake pad-abbreviation (material).
The marks shall be so applied, that each brake pad can still be identified even after it has worn to its
scrapping thickness.
5.13 Dynamometer test
The party performing the test shall follow the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17025.
Generic conditions for the execution of test programs shall be in accordance with Annex A.
Brake pads of the full-scale size shall be used. Each test program shall be carried out with new brake pads.
The test report shall conform to the minimum requirements of Annex D.
The dynamometer used for conducting the tests provided in the Annexes should be suitable for carrying
out these tests in the correct manner.
NOTE Existing document that defines the requirements of dynamometers for Railway Friction Material testing
at the time of writing this document include UIC/IRS 50548 and can be used as reference document.
5.14 Conditions for classification test
5.14.1 Classification scheme
The classification of the brake pads is defined in Table 5.
Table 5 — Classification of brake pads
Perfor- Max. Max. Test program parameter See
mance energy power
Annex B
Typical Typical Typical Brake disc
class
speed braked approximate type to be
MJ kW
mass deceleration used
km/h rate
t m/s
A1 6,3 338 120 11,25 0,9 AMD 590x170 B.1
B1 7,9 427 160 8 1,2 WMD 680 B.2
B2 9,9 533 160 10 1,2 WMD 680 B.3
Perfor- Max. Max. Test program parameter See
mance energy power
Annex B
Typical Typical Typical Brake disc
class
speed braked approximate type to be
MJ kW
mass deceleration used
km/h rate
t m/s
AMD 610x110
C0 10,3 447 200 6,7 1,2 or B.4
AMD 640x110
C1 12,3 533 200 8 1,2 WMD 680 B.2
C2 15,4 667 200 10 1,2 WMD 680 B.3
C3 18,5 800 200 12 1,2 WMD 1085 B.5
D1 15,7 361 250 6,5 0,8 AMD 640x80 B.6
D2 24,1 550 250 10 0,8 WMD 680 B.7
E1 27,8 533 300 8 0,8 WMD 750 B.8
AMD 640x45
F1 23,6 389 350 5 0,8 B.9
or
AMD 640x80
AMD 640x45
F2 28,4 467 350 6 0,8 or B.10
AMD 640x80
WMD
F3 33,1 544 350 7 0,8 B.11
720 – 750
AMD 640x45
c
G1 37 533 400 6 0,8 B.10
or
AMD 640x80
An overview of performance classes and related typical types of vehicles is given in Table 6.
Table 6 — Performance classes and related typical types of vehicles
Performance Vehicle type
class
Freight wagons in SS traffic with axle mounted
A1
brake disc
MUs with maximum speed of 160 km/h with
B1
wheel mounted brake discs
MUs with maximum speed of 160 km/h with
B2
wheel mounted brake discs
Passenger coaches with maximum speed of
C0
200 km/h with axle mounted brake discs
Performance Vehicle type
class
MUs with maximum speed of 200 km/h with
C1
wheel mounted brake discs
MUs with maximum speed of 200 km/h with
C2
wheel mounted brake discs
Locomotives with maximum speed of 200 km/h
C3
with wheel mounted brake discs
MUs with maximum speed of 250 km/h with axle
D1
mounted brake discs
MUs with maximum speed of 250 km/h with
D2
wheel mounted brake discs
high speed vehicles with maximum speed of
E1
300 km/h with wheel mounted brake discs
high speed vehicles with maximum speed of
F1
350 km/h with axle mounted brake discs
high speed vehicles with maximum speed of
F2
350 km/h with axle mounted brake discs
high speed vehicles with maximum speed of
F3
350 km/h with wheel mounted brake discs
high speed vehicles with maximum speed of
G1
400 km/h with axle mounted brake discs

Table 7 shows a matrix of covered performance classes due to lower specific energy and lower power.
Table 7 — Matrix of covered performance classes
Performance Covered performance classes
class
B1 B2 C0 C1 D1 F1 F2 F3
B2 X
C1 X X
C2 X X X X
C3 X
D2 X X X X X
E1 X
F3   X
G1   X X X X
5.14.2 Optional classification scheme for coaches
The optional classification of the brake pads for use in coaches is given in Table 8 and programs are
defined in Annex C.
Table 8 — Optional classification of brake pads for coaches
Type Max. Max. Max. Braked Decelerat Test
energy power speed mass ion rate program(s)
MJ kW km/h t m/s
Programs
S 10,3 447 200 6,7 1,2
S1and S2
Programs
T 11,9 513 200 7,7 1,2
T1 and T2
5.14.3 Validity of assessment
The assessment shall not be longer valid if one the following modifications is made:
— major changes in the manufacturing methods;
— change of materials used for the brake pads;
— major changes in the fixing of the friction elements; or
— changes in the contact surface area that exceed ± 20 %;
— major change in the groove design;
— change of number of the friction elements per brake pad that exceed ± 25 %.
5.14.4 Scope of classification
The scope of classification is limited to the class for which tests were conducted. Each test program shall
be performed and evaluated completely.
5.15 Guidelines for interchangeability of brake pads
The ability to obtain interchangeability of brake pads for the application in the same vehicle can be
evaluated via dynamometer testing.
The tests shall be conducted at the same dynamometer either with one of the predefined test programs
contained within this standard or with a test program adapted from the appropriate generic test program
(Annex E) to the parameters of the vehicle at hand. The brake disc to be used for the tests shall be of the
same type that is used on the vehicle for which brake pad interchangeability is sought.
Both brake pads shall be compliant with this standard on the basis of testing carried out defined above.
For existing fleets, one of the two brake pads shall already be used in the vehicle and in the evaluation of
the vehicle’s brake performance in the homologation process.
The difference in the values of the mean coefficients of friction of both brake pads under dry conditions
at vehicle speeds critical for brake performance evaluation shall be in accordance with project
requirements (e.g. do not exceed 10 % upwards or 5
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