SIST EN 13631-15:2005
(Main)Explosives for civil uses - High explosives - Part 15: Calculation of thermodynamic properties
Explosives for civil uses - High explosives - Part 15: Calculation of thermodynamic properties
This European Standard specifies a method to calculate the detonation characteristics at the constant-volume explosion state and some parameters derived thereof.
Explosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Sprengstoffe - Teil 15: Berechnung der thermodynamischen Eigenschaften
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Detonationskennwerte für den
Explosionszustand mit konstantem Volumen und einiger davon abgeleiteter Parameter fest.
Explosifs a usage civil - Explosifs - Partie 15 : Calcul des propriétés thermodynamiques
La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode de calcul des caractéristiques de la détonation pour l'état d'explosion a volume constant et de certains parametres dérivés.
Eksplozivi za civilno uporabo - Razstreliva -15. del: Izračun termodinamičnih lastnosti
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Explosives for civil uses - High explosives - Part 15: Calculation of thermodynamic propertiesPRGLQDPLþQLKODVWQRVWLExplosifs a usage civil - Explosifs - Partie 15 : Calcul des propriétés thermodynamiquesExplosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Sprengstoffe - Teil 15: Berechnung der thermodynamischen EigenschaftenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13631-15:2005SIST EN 13631-15:2005en71.100.30ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13631-15:200501-julij-2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13631-15May 2005ICS 71.100.30English versionExplosives for civil uses - High explosives - Part 15: Calculationof thermodynamic propertiesExplosifs à usage civil - Explosifs - Partie 15 : Calcul despropriétés thermodynamiquesExplosivstoffe für zivile Zwecke - Sprengstoffe - Teil 15:Berechnung der thermodynamischen EigenschaftenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13631-15:2005: E
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 2 Contents Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Calculation procedure.5 5 Report.15 Annex A (informative)
Sample calculations.16 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives.20 Bibliography.21
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13631-15:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 321 "Explosives for civil uses", the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one of a series of standards on Explosives for civil uses– High explosives. The other parts of this series are: Part 1: Requirements. Part 2: Determination of thermal stability of explosives. Part 3: Determination of sensitiveness to friction of explosives. Part 4: Determination of sensitiveness to impact of explosives. Part 5: Determination of resistance to water. Part 6: Determination of resistance to hydrostatic pressure. Part 7: Determination of safety and reliability at extreme temperatures. Part 10: Method for the verification of the means of initiation. Part 11: Determination of transmission of detonation. Part 12: Specifications of boosters with different initiating capability. Part 13: Determination of density. Part 14: Determination of velocity of detonation. Part 16: Detection and measurement of toxic gases. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 4 Introduction Some properties of the explosives used to define their energetic performance on an a priori basis are obtained by means of a thermodynamic calculation. The outcome of such calculation, based on the composition and density of the explosive, is dependent on the detonation state considered, the thermodynamic data used and the calculation method itself. The simplest thermodynamic calculation of explosives is the one for a constant-volume reaction, usually referred to as constant-volume explosion state. Other calculations such as the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation state are also commonly used, leading to important dynamic values such as detonation pressure and velocity. However, these calculated values are not meaningful in practice for non-ideal industrial explosives. For this reason, only the simple values of energy and amount of gases produced are considered in this European Standard.
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method to calculate the detonation characteristics at the constant-volume explosion state and some parameters derived thereof. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13857-1:2003; Explosives for civil uses - Part 1:Terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13857-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 constant-volume explosion state detonation point of theoretical nature in which the specific volume of the detonation products is that of the unreacted explosive 3.2 heat of explosion energy released in the chemical reaction of the explosive when the composition of the reaction products is that of the constant-volume explosion state. It is usually given per mass of explosive 3.3 gas volume volume occupied by the detonation product gases, as calculated from the chemical equilibrium composition in the constant-volume explosion state, at a specified condition of temperature and pressure. It is usually given per mass of explosive 3.4 specific force result of the calculation: nRT, n being the number of moles of detonation product gases per mass, R the universal gas constant and T the temperature of explosion. It would be equal to the pressure exerted by the detonation gases if the specific volume were unity and the gases behaved as ideal. It is also called in some places specific energy 4 Calculation procedure 4.1
Thermodynamic Data and Functions 4.1.1 General The thermodynamic properties needed relate to both explosive components and detonation products. 4.1.2 Explosive components For each component the following data are required: - Molecular or empirical formula.
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 6 - Energy of formation. Table 1 shows these values for some explosives components. Whenever the explosive composition include any component not included in such table, the relevant values should be obtained elsewhere, e.g., from a thermochemical data source. In this case, the values used and the source should be reported.
Table 1 - Explosives components Name Abbreviation Molecular or empirical formula 298fE∆ kJ/kg ReferenceAluminium Al Al 0
Ammonium chloride
ClH4N –5 739 Meyer Ammonium nitrate AN H4N2O3 –4 428 Meyer Ammonium perchlorate AP ClH4NO4 –2 412 Meyer Calcium carbonate
CCaO3 –12 022 Meyer Calcium nitrate
CaN2O6 –5 657 Meyer Calcium stearate
C36H70CaO4 –4 416 Meyer Carbon, Graphite
C 0
Cellulose
C6H10O5 –5 670 USAMC Dinitrotoluene 2,4 DNT 2,4C7H6N2O4 –292,8 Meyer Dinitrotoluene 2,6 DNT 2,6C7H6N2O4 –159,5 Meyer Ethylene diamine dinitrate EDDN C2H10N4O6 –3 378 Meyer Glycol
C2H6O2 –7 177 Meyer Guar gum
C37,26H55,89O31,05 –6 900 Meyer Hexanitrostilbene HNS C14H6N6O12 239,8 Meyer Hexogene, Cyclonite RDX C3H6N6O6 401,8 Meyer Methylamine nitrate MAN CH6N2O3 –3 604 Meyer Nitrocellulose 11,5 % N NC11,5C6000H7890N2111O9222 –2 793 Meyer Nitrocellulose 12,0 % N NC12,0C6000H7739N2261O9520 –2 663 Meyer Nitrocellulose 12,5 % N NC12,5C6000H7579N2416O9833 –2 534 Meyer Nitroglycerine NG C3H5N3O9 –1 540 Meyer Nitroglycol EGDN C2H4N2O6 –1 499 Meyer
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 7 Nitroguanidine NQ CH4N4O2 –773,0 Meyer Nitromethane NM CH3NO2 –1 731 Meyer Octogen HMX C4H8N8O8 353,6 Meyer Oil; fuel oil, diesel oil
C16H34 -1 828 Lide Paraffin, solid; wax
C71H148 –2 094 Meyer Pentaerithrytol tetranitrate PETN C5H8N4O12 –1 611 Meyer Polyisobutylene PIB CH2 –1 386 Meyer Potassium chlorate
ClKO3 –3 205 Lide Potassium nitrate
KNO3 –4 841 Meyer Potassium sulfate
K2O4S –8 222 Lide Sodium chlorate
ClNaO3 –3 390 Lide Sodium chloride
ClNa –7 013 Chase Sodium nitrate
NNaO3 –5 447 Meyer Sodium perchlorate
ClNaO4 –3 080 Lide Trinitrophenil methyl nitramine Tetryl C7H5N5O8 147,6 Meyer Trinitrotoluene TNT C7H5N3O6 –219,0 Meyer Urea
CH4N2O –5 403 Meyer Water (liquid)
H2O –15 660 Chase Wood dust, plant meal
C41,7H60,4O27,4 –4 564 Meyer NOTE References are listed in the Bibliography. In many cases, internal energies of formation have been worked out from enthalpy of formation values.
4.1.3 Detonation products Detonation calculations require, in all cases, the following knowledge on detonation products: - Formula. - Internal energy or enthalpy of formation at a reference temperature, e.g. 298 K (∆Ef 298, ∆Hf298); Table 2 shows these data for some detonation products. Data for other products may be obtained elsewhere. In this case, values used and the source should be reported.
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 8 Table 2 - Detonation products Name Formula 298fE∆ kJ/mole 298fH∆ kJ/mole Reference Ammonia H3N –43,42 –45,90 Chase Aluminium oxide (l) Al2O3 (l) –1 617 –1 621 Chase Aluminium oxide (s) Al2O3 (s) –1 672 –1 676 Chase Calcium chloride (l) CaCl2 (l) –771,6 –774,1 Chase Calcium chloride (g) CaCl2 (g) –471,5 –471,5 Chase Calcium oxide (s) CaO (s) –633,8 –635,1 Chase Carbon (s) C 0 0
Carbon dioxide CO2 –393,8 –393,8 Meyer Carbon monoxide CO –111,9 –110,6 Meyer Chlorine Cl2 0 0
Hydrogen H2 0 0
Hydrogen chloride ClH –92,4 –92,4 Meyer Iron (III) oxide (s) Fe2O3 (s) –821,8 –825,5 Chase Magnesium oxide (g) MgO (g) 56,9 58,2 Chase Magnesium oxide (l) MgO (l) –531,4 –532,6 Chase Magnesium oxide (s) MgO (s) –600,0 –601,2 Chase Methane CH4 –72,4 –74,9 Chase Nitrogen N2 0 0
Nitrogen monoxide NO 90,3 90,3 Meyer Oxygen O2 0 0
Potassium carbonate (l) CK2O3 (l) –1 127 –1 131 Chase Potassium carbonate (s) CK2O3 (s) –1 146 –1 150 Chase Potassium chloride (g) ClK (g) –215,9 –214,7 Chase Potassium chloride (l) ClK (l) –420,6 –421,8 Chase Potassium chloride (s) ClK (s) –435,4 –436,7 Chase Silicon dioxide (l) O2Si (l) –900,2 –902,7 Chase
EN 13631-15:2005 (E) 9 Silicon dioxide (s) O2Si (s) –908,4 –910.9 Chase Sodium carbonate (l) CNa2O3 (l) –1 105 –1 109 Chase Sodium carbonate (s) CNa2O3 (s) –1 127 –1 131 Chase Sodium chloride (g) ClNa (g) –182,7 –18
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.