SIST EN ISO 9241-410:2008
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices (ISO 9241-410:2008)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices (ISO 9241-410:2008)
This part of ISO 9241 specifies criteria based on ergonomics factors for the design of physical input devices for interactive systems including keyboards, mice, pucks, joysticks, trackballs, trackpads, tablets and overlays, touch-sensitive screens, styli and light pens, and voice- and gesture-controlled devices. It gives guidance on the design of these devices, taking into consideration the capabilities and limitations of users, and specifies generic design criteria for physical input devices, as well as specific criteria for each type of device. Requirements for the design of products are given either as a result of context-free considerations, or else can be determined based on the specified design criteria for the intended use; such specified criteria generally having been subdivided into task-oriented categories, wherever applicable. The required category for the resolution can be determined on the basis of the task characteristics, user population and context of use for the intended application. This part of ISO 9241 does not specify the categories that are appropriate for devices as, according to the concept of usability, a product has no inherent usability. Selecting the category to which a certain property of a device belongs is subject to the design of a product. This part of ISO 9241 is expected to be used by the manufacturers of physical input devices, including product designers and test organizations, in determining the design characteristics of a device for its intended context of use (user population, task, software or environment, etc.). The data generated by the users of this part of ISO 9241 for the description of the properties of their products can be applied in the selection of a device adequate for the actual context of use on the basis of the task primitives relevant for the task of the specific user population, and for achieving the required level of efficiency and effectiveness for a given system.
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 410: Gestaltungskriterien für physikalische Eingabegeräte (ISO 9241-410:2008)
Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 beschreibt Gestaltungskriterien auf der Basis ergonomischer Regeln für die physi¬kalischen Eingabegeräte interaktiver Systeme, einschließlich Tastaturen, Mäusen, Pucks, Joysticks, Roll¬kugeln (Trackballs), Trackpads, Tabletts und Overlays, Berührungsbildschirmen (Touchscreens), Griffeln und Lichtgriffeln, sprachgesteuerten Geräten und Gestik gesteuerten Geräten und berücksichtigt die Fähigkeiten und Grenzen der Benutzer. Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 enthält generische Gestaltungskriterien für physi¬kalische Eingabegeräte sowie spezifische Kriterien für jeden Gerätetyp. Anforderungen an die Produkt¬gestaltung erfolgen entweder auf der Basis kontextunabhängiger Aspekte oder können auf der Basis spezifischer Gestaltungskriterien für die vorgesehene Nutzung bestimmt werden, welche im Allgemeinen, sofern möglich, in aufgabenorientierte Kategorien unterteilt wurden.
BEISPIEL Die Auflösung eines Zeigegerätes wird in Abhängigkeit von den vier Schwierigkeitsgraden (ID) des Fitts-Tests angegeben. Die erforderliche Kategorie für die Auflösung kann bestimmt werden auf der Basis der Aufgaben¬merkmale, der Benutzerpopulation und des Nutzungskontextes für die vorgesehene Anwendung.
Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 bestimmt nicht die Kategorien die für Geräte angemessen sind, da ein Produkt entsprechend dem Gebrauchstauglichkeitskonzept keine inhärente Gebrauchstauglichkeit besitzt. Die Wahl der Kategorie für eine bestimmte Geräteeigenschaft ist Gegenstand der Produktgestaltung.
Dieser Teil von ISO 9241 ist vorgesehen für die Hersteller von physikalischen Eingabegeräten einschließlich Produktdesigner und Prüforganisationen, um die Gestaltungsmerkmale eines Gerätes für den vorgesehenen Nutzungskontext zu bestimmen (Benutzerpopulation, Aufgabe, Software oder Umgebung usw.).
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme/systeme - Partie 410: Criteres de conception pour les dispositifs d'entrée physiques (ISO 9241-410:2008)
L'ISO 9241-410:2008 spécifie des critères en fonction de facteurs ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs d'entrée physiques pour systèmes interactifs comprenant les claviers, souris, curseurs à réticule, manettes, boules roulantes, pavés tactiles, tablettes et barres graphiques, écrans tactiles, stylets et photostyles, dispositifs à commande vocale, et dispositifs à commande gestuelle. Elle fournit des recommandations de conception de ces dispositifs qui tiennent compte des capacités et des limites des utilisateurs, et spécifie des critères de conception génériques pour les dispositifs d'entrée physiques, ainsi que des critères de conception spécifiques à chaque type de dispositif. Les exigences de conception des produits sont indiquées comme le résultat de réflexions sans contexte ou peuvent être déterminées en fonction des critères de conception spécifiés, adaptés à l'application prévue des produits; ces critères spécifiés sont généralement subdivisés en catégories axées sur les tâches, le cas échéant.
L'ISO 9241-410:2008 ne spécifie pas les catégories appropriées aux dispositifs car, selon le concept d'utilisabilité, l'utilisabilité inhérente d'un produit n'existe pas. La sélection de la catégorie à laquelle appartient une propriété donnée d'un dispositif dépend de la conception d'un produit.
L'ISO 9241-410:2008 est destinée à être utilisée par les fabricants de dispositifs d'entrée physiques, notamment les concepteurs de produits et les organismes d'essais, pour déterminer les caractéristiques de conception du dispositif dans le contexte d'utilisation prévu (la population d'utilisateurs, la tâche, le logiciel ou l'environnement, etc.). Les données générées par les utilisateurs de l'ISO 9241-410:2008 pour décrire les propriétés de leurs produits peuvent être utilisées pour sélectionner le dispositif approprié au contexte d'utilisation réel, déterminé par les tâches élémentaires pertinentes pour la tâche exécutée par la population d'utilisateurs spécifique. Ces données peuvent également être utilisées pour atteindre le niveau d'efficience et d'efficacité requis pour un système donné.
Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 410. del: Merila za oblikovanje naprav za vnos podatkov (ISO 9241-410:2008)
Ta del standarda ISO 9241 določa kriterije na osnovi ergonomičnih faktorjev za načrtovanje naprav za fizični vnos podatkov za interaktivne sisteme, vključno s tipkovnicami, miškami, ploščki, igralnimi palicami, sledilnimi kroglicami, sledilnimi ploščicami, tablicami in prevlekami, zasloni na dotik, pisali ter napravami z glasovnim nadzorom in nadzorom s kretnjami. Podaja navodila za načrtovanje teh naprav, pri čemer upošteva zmožnosti in omejitve uporabnikov ter določa splošne kriterije načrtovanja za naprave za fizični vnos podatkov ter tudi določene kriterije za posamezno vrsto naprave. Zahteve za načrtovanje izdelkov so podane kot rezultat vidikov brez konteksta ali so določene na osnovi določenih kriterijev načrtovanja za predvideno uporabo; takšni določeni kriteriji so običajno razdeljeni na opravilno usmerjene kategorije, kjer je to primerno. Zahtevano kategorijo za ločljivost je mogoče določiti na osnovi lastnosti opravila, populacije uporabnikov in konteksta uporabe za predvideno uporabo. Ta del standarda ISO 9241 ne določa kategorij, ki ustrezajo napravam, ker glede na koncept uporabnosti izdelek nima temeljne uporabnosti. Izbira kategorije, ki ji pripada določena lastnost naprave, je odvisna od načrtovanja izdelka. Ta del standarda ISO 9241 naj bi uporabljali proizvajalci naprav za fizični vnos podatkov, vključno z načrtovalci izdelkov in organizatorji preskusov, in sicer za določanje lastnosti načrtovanja naprave za predviden kontekst uporabe (populacija uporabnikov, opravilo, programska oprema ali okolje itd.). Podatke ki jih generirajo uporabniki tega dela standarda ISO 9241 za opis lastnosti svojih izdelkov, je mogoče uporabiti pri izbiri naprave, ki ustreza dejanskemu kontekstu uporabe glede na osnove opravila, pomembne za opravilo določene uporabniške populacije ter za doseganje zahtevane ravni učinkovitosti in uspešnosti danega sistema.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices (ISO 9241-410:2008)Ergonomie de l'interaction homme/systeme - Partie 410: Criteres de conception pour les dispositifs d'entrée physiques (ISO 9241-410:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 410: Gestaltungskriterien für physikalische Eingabegeräte (ISO 9241-410:2008)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 9241-410:2008SIST EN ISO 9241-410:2008en,fr,de35.18013.180ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 9241-410:200801-april-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-410February 2008ICS 13.180; 35.180 English VersionErgonomics of human-system interaction - Part 410: Designcriteria for physical input devices (ISO 9241-410:2008)Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 410:Critères de conception des dispositifs d'entrée physiques(ISO 9241-410:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 410:Gestaltungskriterien für physikalische Eingabegeräte (ISO9241-410:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 February 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-410:2008: E
EN ISO 9241-410:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3
EN ISO 9241-410:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241-410:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 "Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-410:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-410:2008 without any modification.
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Reference numberISO 9241-410:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO9241-410First edition2008-02-15Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devicesErgonomie de l'interaction homme-système — Partie 410: Critères de conception des dispositifs d'entrée physiques
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.v Introduction.vii 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Procedure for applying this part of ISO 9241.4 5 Performance criterion.6 6 Properties of physical input devices relevant for usability.6 7 Generic design requirements for physical input devices.6 8 Device-specific design requirements.10 9 Documentation.11 Annex A (informative)
Overview of the ISO 9241 series.12 Annex B (normative)
Keyboards.16 Annex C (normative)
Computer mice.36 Annex D (normative)
Pucks.46 Annex E (normative)
Joysticks.54 Annex F (normative)
Trackballs.62 Annex G (normative)
Touchpads.70 Annex H (normative)
Tablets and overlays.77 Annex I (normative)
Styli and light-pens.87 Annex J (normative)
Touch-sensitive screens.93 Annex K (informative)
Designing input devices to accommodate diverse users.98 Bibliography.100
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9241-410 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. This first edition of ISO 9241-410, together with ISO 9241-400, ISO 9241-4111), ISO 9241-4201) and ISO 9241-4211), partially replaces ISO 9241-4:1998 and ISO 9241-9:2000, technically revised as follows: ⎯ terms and definitions from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been transferred to ISO 9241-400; ⎯ all guiding principles have been incorporated into ISO 9241-400 and unified so that they correspond to the scope of the new ISO 9241 series; ⎯ these principles are applied in ISO 9241-410 in order to generate provisions for product design. ⎯ an application procedure has been specified in ISO 9241-410, for reasons related to the structure of the “400” subseries of ISO 9241 and its usability- rather than property-based nature;
⎯ for greater convenience, a separate normative annex covering each of the different devices, as well as an informative annex addressing issues related to accessibility, have been included in ISO 9241-410. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): ⎯ Part 1: General introduction ⎯ Part 2: Guidance on task requirements ⎯ Part 3: Visual display requirements ⎯ Part 4: Keyboard requirements ⎯ Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
1) Planned or under preparation. (See Annex A)
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v⎯ Part 6: Guidance on the work environment ⎯ Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices ⎯ Part 11: Guidance on usability ⎯ Part 12: Presentation of information ⎯ Part 13: User guidance ⎯ Part 14: Menu dialogues ⎯ Part 15: Command dialogues ⎯ Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues ⎯ Part 17: Form filling dialogues The following part is under preparation: ⎯ Part 129: Guidance on software individualization ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: ⎯ Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services ⎯ Part 110: Dialogue principles ⎯ Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces ⎯ Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility ⎯ Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements ⎯ Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays ⎯ Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays ⎯ Part 304: User performance test methods ⎯ Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays ⎯ Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays ⎯ Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays
⎯ Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) [Technical Report] ⎯ Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices ⎯ Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices ⎯ Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions Framework for tactile and haptic interaction is to form the subject of a future part 910.
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Introduction Input devices are a means for users to enter data into interactive systems. Generally speaking, an input device is a sensor that can detect changes in user behaviour (gestures, moving fingers, etc.) and transform it into signals to be interpreted by the interactive system. An input device is regarded as the combination of hardware with the software designed to use it (e.g. a driver). This part of ISO 9241 defines design criteria for products on the basis of relevant properties of physical input devices as laid down in ISO 9241-400:2007. It is intended to cover assessment methods for laboratory use (in order to accelerate future development of test and evaluation methods) and user organizations in future parts of ISO 9241. Most of the principles presented in this part of ISO 9241 have previously been defined or outlined in International Standards for keyboards and other input devices (ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9). Where necessary, definitions of terms have been reformulated so that they are applicable for all input devices. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a seventeen-part International Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of the standards review process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed to broaden its scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the revised ISO 9241, “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall title and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. The revised multipart standard is structured as a series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: the 100 series deals with software interfaces, the 200 series with human centred design, the 300 series with visual displays, the 400 series with physical input devices and so on. See Annex A for an overview of the entire ISO 9241 series.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 specifies criteria based on ergonomics factors for the design of physical input devices for interactive systems including keyboards, mice, pucks, joysticks, trackballs, trackpads, tablets and overlays, touch-sensitive screens, styli and light pens, and voice- and gesture-controlled devices. It gives guidance on the design of these devices, taking into consideration the capabilities and limitations of users, and specifies generic design criteria for physical input devices, as well as specific criteria for each type of device. Requirements for the design of products are given either as a result of context-free considerations, or else can be determined based on the specified design criteria for the intended use; such specified criteria generally having been subdivided into task-oriented categories, wherever applicable. EXAMPLE The resolution of a pointing device is given in relation to four levels of index of difficulty for the Fitts test. The required category for the resolution can be determined on the basis of the task characteristics, user population and context of use for the intended application. This part of ISO 9241 does not specify the categories that are appropriate for devices as, according to the concept of usability, a product has no inherent usability. Selecting the category to which a certain property of a device belongs is subject to the design of a product. This part of ISO 9241 is expected to be used by the manufacturers of physical input devices, including product designers and test organizations, in determining the design characteristics of a device for its intended context of use (user population, task, software or environment, etc.). The data generated by the users of this part of ISO 9241 for the description of the properties of their products can be applied in the selection of a device adequate for the actual context of use on the basis of the task primitives relevant for the task of the specific user population, and for achieving the required level of efficiency and effectiveness for a given system. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis ISO 9241-400:2007, Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices ISO/IEC 9995 (all parts), Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems IEC 60417-DB, Graphical symbols for use on equipment 2)
2) Permanently updated database.
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) 2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9241-400 and the following apply: 3.1 bounce-free switch switch that generates a single and definite signal after actuation 3.2 category part of a system into which properties of entities can be arranged 3.3 class category of a property of a product with rank order NOTE 1 Class 1 is the most, and class n the least, favourable category of a specific property of a product, where n is the number of classes. NOTE 2 An example of a property is durability of the legends of a key. If a key belongs to the highest class, it will fulfil all requirements for the lower categories. 3.4 compact keyboard keyboard that features most properties of a full-size keyboard, with the editing section integrated into the alphanumeric section NOTE A compact keyboard can have a numeric section. 3.5 force feedback application of physical force in response to user input EXAMPLE In games, or in car and plane simulators. 3.6 full-size keyboard keyboard that comprises all sections and zones as described in ISO/IEC 9995-1 3.7 group category of a property of a product without rank order NOTE Some properties such as the size of a key do not constitute a virtue without further considerations. For such properties, the categorization may help to differentiate objects without being able to determine a rank in consideration of the specific property. EXAMPLE A particular size of key on a keyboard that is suited for continuous touch-typing, a smaller key size for hand-held devices or a larger size for use with gloves. 3.8 haptic, adj of or relating to, or proceeding from, the sense of touch 3.9 haptic display display presenting information accessible through the sense of touch, mainly by, but not limited to, use of hands and fingers
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 33.10 haptic interface user interface based on touch, using the movements of the user as input and the sense of touch as output for tactile and kinaesthetic feedback EXAMPLE Force feedback joysticks, Braille screen readers. 3.11 housing protective cover designed to contain or support a mechanical component NOTE An input device is either integrated into its own housing or into another unit that comprises other functional units (e.g. control desk, control panel, telephone). 3.12 index of difficulty ID measure of the user precision required in a task NOTE The index of difficulty, ID, is measured in bits, and is calculated for selection, pointing, or dragging tasks by D2logdwIw+= and for tracing tasks by DdwI= where d is the distance of movement to the target; w is the target width of the displayed target along the approach axis for selection, pointing or dragging tasks, and perpendicular for tracing tasks. 3.13 key arrangement spatial organization of keys of a keyboard following certain design rules or conventions EXAMPLE Typewriter, calculator or telephone layout of keys for generating codes for numerals (numeric keys for digits 0 to 9) on office machines. 3.14 keypad functional unit that comprises at least a group of keys dedicated and arranged for a given functionality and possibly additional keys supporting related functionality EXAMPLE Numeric keys, “Enter” key of keypad. 3.15 multi-tap alphanumeric input requiring several presses per character 3.16 section 〈keyboard〉 functional groups within computer keyboards for which different rules for layouts can apply NOTE Some sections of existing keyboards are arranged according to more-than-century-old conventions.
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) 4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3.17 task precision measure of the accuracy required for a pointing, selecting or dragging task primitive, quantified by the index of difficulty 3.18 touchpad touch-sensitive pad that senses the position of a finger on its surface 3.19 work surface surface on which equipment and task materials are used [ISO 9241-5:1998, definition 3.25] 3.20 zone 〈keyboard〉 smaller unit within a section of a keyboard representing different functionality EXAMPLE The layout of the alphanumeric keys for entering graphic characters (alphanumeric zone) grouped with function and modifier keys such as “Ctrl”, “Alt”, “Tab” or “Backspace”. 4 Procedure for applying this part of ISO 9241 Generally speaking, the entirety of requirements for the overall design of a product is a result of considerations from a variety of origins, such as engineering, safety, environmental protection, economic efficiency, marketing or the concept of usability (see ISO 9241-400). This part of ISO 9241 presents requirements related to product properties that are in turn related to usability of physical input devices. Its application requires following steps a) to d), below. a) Identify properties of the device that are relevant for usability. First, identify those properties relevant to usability, i.e. relevant for the effectiveness and efficiency of use and for the satisfaction of user needs. Some of the properties are known (e.g. key legends for keyboard) and requirements for them exist for certain areas of use (e.g. minimum size of key legends for full-size keyboards). b) Apply generic design requirements Identify other properties by applying the generic design principles on a specific device (e.g. controllability on keyboards or mice). The requirements for these properties can be different for different contexts of use. For these properties, the requirements are subdivided into categories — classes or groups. Specify the category to which a device belongs. The device will need to conform to the requirements that apply to that category. c) Apply device specific design requirements For each relevant property, apply the requirements for a specific device (see Annexes B to J). See Figure 1 for a summary of these requirements. d) Evaluate the performance criterion Ensure that the device fulfils the requirements derived from the provisions of this part of ISO 9241, while considering the product’s designated purpose. NOTE A product is considered as being any combination of hardware and software utilized for a given task.
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5 Key 1 requirement derived from a generic design principle 2 not relevant 3 property with requirements in four groups 4 property with requirements in four classes 5 property with requirements 6 property without requirements in this document
Figure 1 — Sample for a summarizing table
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) 6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5 Performance criterion The input device shall be usable for its designated purpose. It is considered usable if its user can achieve a satisfactory level of performance on a given task and maintain an acceptable level of effort and satisfaction. This objective is met when the design requirements and recommendations (see Annexes B to J) applicable to the device are satisfied. If completing the task requires the utilization of more than one physical device, all elements specified shall be treated as a unit for the purposes of determining usability. 6 Properties of physical input devices relevant for usability Properties of physical input devices with relevance for usability can be broken down into groups of properties. Requirements can either be derived from a generic design principle to which various properties can contribute or the relevant property can be identified without applying a principle. Properties with requirements in groups serve to categorize products without the ability to assign them to classes, whereas other properties can be categorized into classes with rank order: ⎯ functional properties; ⎯ mechanical properties; ⎯ electrical properties; ⎯ maintainability-related properties; ⎯ health- and safety-related properties; ⎯ interdependency with software; ⎯ interdependency with use environment. For such properties, requirements or recommendations exist based on technical knowledge, scientific evidence or conventions. The relevance of additional (or sometimes the same) properties can be identified or established in consideration of the generic design principles presented in ISO 9241-400. This part of ISO 9241 specifies design requirements for each device derived from those principles. Other properties corresponding to a certain principle equally or even better suited may be used instead. EXAMPLE 1 The form of the housing of a mouse is relevant if the user has no equivalent or better means to sense the orientation of the device (principle: controllability, reliability of device access). EXAMPLE 2 The orientation of a button for minimizing finger extension is relevant if the button is located on a mouse where the button will be actuated without losing overall control of the device (principle: controllability, control access). For other buttons, the orientation might not be relevant. 7 Generic design requirements for physical input devices 7.1 General The intended use of a physical input device shall be specified unless it is obvious or the product is designed for general-purpose use. The specification shall include technical conditions for the context of use to be realized for satisfactory use of the device (e.g. operating system, driver, support surface). Each physical entity possesses a number of properties, of which only some are relevant for its usability. Since a device cannot have intrinsic usability, for each relevant property subject to a design requirement, wherever
ISO 9241-410:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 7possible four categories are given. If sufficient knowledge exists to recommend a certain category, this is indicated. NOTE The category required for a given task, intended user population and/or context of use (e.g. stationary, portable, hand-held and in different environments) will be able to be determined using procedures given in a future part of ISO 9241. 7.2 Generic design requirements 7.2.1 General This clause derives generic design requirements from the ergonomic principles that apply to all input devices as defined in ISO 9241-400:2007, 4.2. These are ⎯ appropriateness, ⎯ operability, ⎯ controllability, and ⎯ biomechanical load. 7.2.2 Appropriateness The design of a device shall be appropriate for the intended tasks being performed and the intended use environment, including additional devices if required by the task. An appropriate input device enables the user to achieve the required effectiveness for the task and is efficient and satisfactory for the intended user population. The dimensioning of an input device and its parts shall be compatible with the relevant anthropometric dimensions of the part of the body for the intended user population so that relevant design objectives can be met (intended level of effectiveness, intended level of efficiency). If the design objectives cannot be met without the use of additional tools (e.g. stylus for input via small size keys) or if, in order to achieve the intended level of appropriateness, the design requires enhancement by software or the additional use of a device other than is delivered with the device under consideration, then this shall be specified. 7.2.3 Operability 7.2.3.1 General An input device shall be operable, i.e. its intended use is obvious, predictable and consistent and the user receives adequate feedback. 7.2.3.2 Obviousness The obviousness of the intended use can be categoriz
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