SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
(Main)Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
This International Standard defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in International Standards and other documents of the International Standardization Organization and the International Electrotechnical Committee.
Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO 13943:2008)
Diese Internationale Norm legt die Terminologie in Bezug auf Brandschutz, wie sie in Internationalen Normen und anderen Dokumenten der Internationalen Organisation für Normung (ISO) und des Internationalen Elektrotechnischen Komitees (IEC) angewendet wird, fest.
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO 13943:2008)
L'ISO 13943:2008 définit la terminologie relative à la sécurité au feu, telle qu'utilisée dans les Normes internationales et dans d'autres documents émanant de l'ISO et de la CEI.
Požarna varnost - Slovar (ISO 13943:2008)
Ta mednarodni standard določa terminologijo, povezano s požarno varnostjo, ki se uporablja v mednarodnih standardih in drugih dokumentih Mednarodne organizacije za standardizacijo in Mednarodnega elektrotehniškega odbora.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
01-januar-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 13943:2002
Požarna varnost - Slovar (ISO 13943:2008)
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO 13943:2008)
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO 13943:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13943:2010
ICS:
01.040.13 Varstvo okolja in zdravja. Environment and health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
SIST EN ISO 13943:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13943
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2010
ICS 01.040.13; 13.220.01 Supersedes EN ISO 13943:2000
English Version
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO 13943:2008) Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO 13943:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13943:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
EN ISO 13943:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
EN ISO 13943:2010 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 13943:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 “Fire safety” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 13943:2010 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13943:2000.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13943:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13943:2010 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13943
Second edition
2008-10-15
Fire safety — Vocabulary
Sécurité au feu — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 13943:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2008
The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction
booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are:
that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications
offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document.
With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Definition of the term “item” .1
4 Terms and definitions.1
Bibliography.41
Alphabetical index.42
Systematic index .46
Index of deprecated terms.51
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13943 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, in cooperation with Technical
Committee IEC/TC 89, Fire hazard testing.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13943:2000), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
Introduction
Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the subject field of fire safety. There has been
a considerable development of fire safety engineering design, especially as it relates to construction projects,
as well as the development of concepts related to performance-based design. With this continuing evolution,
there is an increasing need for agreement on a common language in the large domain of fire safety, beyond
what traditionally has been limited to the subject field of fire hazard testing.
The first edition of ISO 13943 contained definitions of about 180 terms. However, the area of technology that
is related to fire safety has continued to evolve rapidly and this second edition contains many new terms as
well as new definitions of some of the terms that were in the first edition.
This International Standard defines general terms to establish a vocabulary applicable to fire safety, including
fire safety in buildings and civil engineering works and other elements within the built environment. It will be
updated as terms and definitions for further concepts in the subject field of fire safety are agreed upon and
developed.
It is important to note that when used in legislation, some general fire safety terms have a narrower
interpretation and hence the definition given in this International Standard does not apply.
The terms in this International Standard are
— fundamental concepts, which may be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions,
— more specific concepts, used in several areas of fire safety such as fire testing and fire safety engineering
used in ISO and IEC fire standards, and
— related concept fields, designated by borrowed terms used in building and civil engineering.
The layout is in accordance with ISO 10241, unless otherwise specified. Thus, the elements of an entry
appear in the following order:
a) entry number;
b) preferred term(s);
c) admitted term(s);
d) deprecated term(s);
e) definition;
f) example(s);
g) note(s).
The terms are presented in English alphabetical order and are in bold type except for accepted but non-
preferred terms and deprecated terms, which are in normal type.
In a definition, example or note, reference to another entry in bold face is followed by the entry number in
brackets, when it is first mentioned.
Entry number, preferred term and definition are the mandatory elements of each entry. Other elements appear
only when appropriate.
Where a given term designates more than one concept, the concepts are listed in separate consecutive
entries and the terms individually numbered.
If the term has a general meaning but is being used in a specific subject field, that subject field is indicated in
angled brackets, 〈 〉, at the beginning of the definition.
Word class, e.g. “noun”, “adj.”, “verb”, is indicated if there is a risk of misunderstanding.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
Where the term describes a physical quantity, a note is given to indicate the typical units that are used (except
in cases where the unit is a single dimension such as mass, time or length).
Where a national variant in English is preferred or another equivalent exists, this has been given in bold face
following the preferred term and annotated by the respective country code. Where no other country code or
other equivalent is given in bold, this signifies that the preferred term is the accepted term in English-speaking
countries.
A term following the preferred term not given in boldface type is a non-preferred synonym.
To facilitate the location of any term given in this International Standard, irrespective of preference or country
of origin, the alphabetical index lists all preferred and non-preferred synonyms, without the respective country
code being indicated. There is also a systematic index and an index of deprecated terms.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13943:2008(E)
Fire safety — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in International Standards and
other documents of the International Standardization Organization and the International Electrotechnical
Committee.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6707-1:2004, Building and civil engineering — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
ISO 10241:1992, International terminology standards — Preparation and layout
3 Definition of the term “item”
For the purposes of this International Standard, the English term “item” is used in a general meaning to
represent any single object or assembly of objects, and may cover, for example, material, product, assembly,
structure or building, as required in the context of any individual definition.
If the “item” under consideration is a test specimen then the term “test specimen” is used.
4 Terms and definitions
4.1
abnormal heat
〈electrotechnical〉 heat that is additional to that resulting from use under normal conditions, up to and including
that which causes a fire (4.96)
4.2
acceptance criteria
criteria that form the basis for assessing the acceptability of the safety of a design of a built
environment (4.26)
NOTE The criteria can be qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both.
4.3
activation time
time interval from response by a sensing device until the suppression system (4.314), smoke control
system, alarm system or other fire safety system is fully operational
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.4
actual delivered density
ADD
volumetric flow rate of water per unit area that is delivered onto the top horizontal surface of a simulated
burning combustible (4.43) array
NOTE 1 It is typically determined relative to a specific heat release rate (4.177) of a fire (4.98).
NOTE 2 ADD can be measured as described in ISO 6182-7.
−1
NOTE 3 The typical units are millimetres per minute (mm⋅min ).
4.5
acute toxicity
toxicity (4.341) that causes rapidly occurring toxic (4.335) effects
cf. toxic potency (4.338)
4.6
afterflame
flame (4.133) that persists after the ignition source (4.189) has been removed
4.7
afterflame time
length of time for which an afterflame (4.6) persists under specified conditions
cf. duration of flaming (4.71)
4.8
afterglow
persistence of glowing combustion (4.169) after both removal of the ignition source (4.189) and the
cessation of any flaming combustion (4.148)
4.9
afterglow time
length of time during which an afterglow (4.8) persists under specified conditions
4.10
agent outlet
orifice of a piping system by means of which an extinguishing fluid can be applied towards the source of a
fire (4.98)
4.11
alarm time
time interval between ignition (4.187) of a fire (4.98) and activation of an alarm
NOTE The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be
assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of
ignition is determined is always stated when the alarm time is specified.
4.12
alight, adj.
lit, adj. CA, US
lighted, adj.
undergoing combustion (4.46)
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.13
arc resistance
〈electrotechnical〉 ability of an electrically insulating material to resist the influence of an electric arc, under
specified conditions
NOTE The arc resistance is identified by the length of the arc, the absence or presence of a conducting path and the
burning or damage of the test specimen (4.321).
4.14
area burning rate
burning rate (deprecated)
rate of burning (deprecated)
area of material burned (4.28) per unit time under specified conditions
2 −1
NOTE The typical units are square metres per second ( m ⋅s ).
4.15
arson
crime of setting a fire (4.98), usually with intent to cause damage
4.16
ash
ashes
mineral residue resulting from complete combustion (4.50)
4.17
asphyxiant
toxicant (4.340) that causes hypoxia, which can result in central nervous system depression or
cardiovascular effects
NOTE Loss of consciousness and ultimately death can occur.
4.18
auto-ignition
spontaneous ignition
self-ignition CA, US
unpiloted ignition CA, US
spontaneous combustion (deprecated)
ignition (4.187) resulting from a rise of temperature without a separate ignition source (4.189)
NOTE 1 The ignition can be caused either by self-heating (4.287, 4.288) or by heating from an external source.
NOTE 2 In North America, “spontaneous ignition” is the preferred term used to designate ignition caused by self-
heating.
4.19
auto-ignition temperature
spontaneous ignition temperature
minimum temperature at which auto-ignition (4.18) is obtained in a fire test (4.132)
NOTE The typical units are degrees Celsius (°C).
4.20
available safe escape time
ASET
time available for escape
for an individual occupant, the calculated time interval between the time of ignition (4.187) and the time at
which conditions become such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective
action to escape (4.82) to a safe refuge (4.280) or place of safety (4.253)
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
NOTE 1 The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be
assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of
ignition is determined is always stated.
NOTE 2 This definition equates incapacitation (4.194) with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are possible. If an
alternate criterion is selected, it is necessary that it be stated.
NOTE 3 Each occupant can have a different value of ASET, depending on that occupant’s personal characteristics.
4.21
backdraft
rapid flaming combustion (4.148) caused by the sudden introduction of air into a confined oxygen-deficient
space that contains hot products of incomplete combustion (4.46)
NOTE In some cases, these conditions can result in an explosion (4.87).
4.22
behavioural scenario
description of the behaviour of occupants during the course of a fire (4.98)
4.23
black body
form that completely absorbs any electromagnetic radiation falling upon it
4.24
black-body radiant source
radiant source that produces electromagnetic radiation as described by Planck's distribution function
NOTE The emissivity (4.75) of a black body radiant source is unity.
4.25
building element
integral part of a built environment (4.26)
NOTE 1 This includes floors, walls, beams, columns, doors, and penetrations, but does not include contents.
NOTE 2 This definition is wider in its scope than that given in ISO 6707-1.
4.26
built environment
building or other structure
EXAMPLES Off-shore platforms; civil engineering works, such as tunnels, bridges and mines; and means of
transportation, such as motor vehicles and marine vessels.
NOTE ISO 6707-1 contains a number of terms and definitions for concepts related to the built environment.
4.27
buoyant plume
convective updraft of fluid above a heat source
cf. fire plume (4.118)
4.28
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion (4.46)
4.29
burn, transitive verb
cause combustion (4.46)
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.30
burned area
that part of the damaged area (4.59) of a material that has been destroyed by combustion (4.46) or
pyrolysis (4.266), under specified conditions
2
NOTE The typical units are square metres (m ).
4.31
burned length
maximum extent in a specified direction of the burned area (4.30)
NOTE The typical units are metres (m).
cf. damaged length (4.60)
4.32
burning behaviour
〈fire tests〉 response of a test specimen (4.321), when it burns under specified conditions, to examination of
reaction to fire (4.272) or fire resistance (4.121)
4.33
bursting
violent rupture of an object due to an overpressure within it or upon it
4.34
calibration
〈fire modelling〉 process of adjusting modelling parameters in a computational model for the purpose of
improving agreement with experimental data
4.35
calorimeter
apparatus that measures heat
cf. heat release rate calorimeter (4.178) and mass calorimeter (4.219).
4.36
carboxyhaemoglobin saturation
percentage of blood haemoglobin converted to carboxyhaemoglobin from the reversible reaction with inhaled
carbon monoxide
4.37
ceiling jet
gas motion in a hot gas layer near a ceiling that is generated by the buoyancy of a fire plume (4.118) that is
impinging upon the ceiling
4.38
char, noun
carbonaceous residue resulting from pyrolysis (4.266) or incomplete combustion (4.46)
4.39
char, verb
form char (4.38)
4.40
char length
length of charred area
cf. burned length (4.31) and damaged length (4.60)
NOTE In some standards, char length is defined by a specific test method.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.41
chimney effect
upward movement of hot fire effluent (4.105) caused by convection (4.54) currents confined within an
essentially vertical enclosure (4.77)
NOTE This usually draws more air into the fire (4.96).
4.42
clinker
solid agglomerate of residues formed by either complete combustion (4.50) or incomplete
combustion (4.46) and which can result from complete or partial melting
4.43
combustible, adj.
capable of being ignited (4.186) and burned
4.44
combustible, noun
item capable of combustion (4.46)
4.45
combustible load
theoretical mass that would be lost from a test specimen (4.321) if it were to undergo complete
combustion (4.50) in a fire test (4.132)
4.46
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent (4.246)
NOTE Combustion generally emits fire effluent (4.105) accompanied by flames (4.133) and/or glowing (4.168).
4.47
combustion efficiency
ratio of the amount of heat release (4.176) in incomplete combustion (4.46) to the theoretical heat of
complete combustion (4.50)
NOTE 1 Combustion efficiency can be calculated only for cases where complete combustion can be defined.
NOTE 2 Combustion efficiency is dimensionless and is usually expressed as a percentage.
4.48
combustion product
product of combustion
solid, liquid and gaseous material resulting from combustion (4.46)
NOTE Combustion products can include fire effluent (4.105), ash (4.16), char (4.38), clinker (4.42) and/or
soot (4.298).
4.49
common mode failure
failure involving a single source that affects more than one type of safety system simultaneously
4.50
complete combustion
combustion (4.46) in which all the combustion products (4.48) are fully oxidized
NOTE 1 This means that, when the oxidizing agent (4.246) is oxygen, all carbon is converted to carbon dioxide and all
hydrogen is converted to water.
NOTE 2 If elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in the combustible (4.43) material, those
elements are converted to the most stable products in their standard states at 298 K.
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.51
composite material
structured combination of two or more discrete materials
4.52
concentration
mass per unit volume
−3
NOTE 1 For a fire effluent (4.105) the typical units are grams per cubic metre (g⋅m ).
NOTE 2 For a toxic gas (4.336), concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (4.351) at T = 298 K and
3 3 −6
P = 1 atm, with typical units of microlitres per litre (µL/L), which is equivalent to cm /m or 10 .
NOTE 3 The concentration of a gas at a temperature, T, and a pressure, P can be calculated from its volume
fraction (assuming ideal gas behaviour) by multiplying the volume fraction by the density of the gas at that temperature
and pressure.
4.53
concentration-time curve
〈toxicology〉 plot of the concentration (4.52) of a toxic gas (4.336) or fire effluent (4.105) as a function of
time
−3
NOTE 1 For fire effluent, concentration is usually measured in units of grams per cubic metre (g⋅m ).
NOTE 2 For a toxic gas, concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (4.351) at T = 298 K and P = 1 atm,
3 3 −6
with typical units of microlitres per litre (µL/L), which is equivalent to cm /m or 10 .
4.54
convection
transfer of heat by movement of a fluid
4.55
convective heat flux
heat flux (4.173) caused by convection (4.54)
4.56
corrosion damage
physical and/or chemical damage or impaired function caused by chemical action
4.57
corrosion target
sensor used to determine the degree of corrosion damage (4.56), under specified conditions
NOTE The sensor may be a product or a component. It may also be a reference material or object used to simulate the
behaviour of a product or a component.
4.58
critical fire load
fire load (4.114) required in a fire compartment (4.102) to produce a fire (4.98) of sufficient severity to cause
failure of a fire barrier(s) (4.99) or structural member(s) located within or bounding the fire compartment
4.59
damaged area
total of those surface areas that have been affected permanently by fire (4.97) under specified conditions
cf. burned area (4.30)
NOTE 1 Users of this term should specify the types of damage to be considered. This can include, for example, loss of
material, deformation, softening, melting behaviour (4.228), char (4.38) formation, combustion (4.46), pyrolysis (4.266)
or chemical attack.
2
NOTE 2 The typical units are square metres (m ).
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SIST EN ISO 13943:2011
ISO 13943:2008(E)
4.60
damaged length
maximum extent in a specified direction of the damaged area (4.59)
cf. char length (4.40) and burned length (4.31)
4.61
defend in place
life safety strategy in which occupants are encouraged to remain in their current location rather than to attempt
escape (4.82) during a fire (4.98)
4.62
deflagration
combustion (4.46) wave propagating at subsonic velocity
NOTE If within a gaseous medium, deflagration is the same as a flame (4.133).
4.63
design density
measured volumetric flow rate of water from sprinklers, per unit area, that is delivered in the absence of a
fire (4.98)
−1
NOTE The typical units are millimetres per minute (mm⋅min ).
4.64
design fire
quantitative description of assumed fire (4.98) characteristics within the design fire scenario (4.65)
NOTE It is, typically, an idealized description of the variation with time of important fire (4.98) variables, such as heat
release rate (4.177), flame spread rate (4.143), smoke production rate (4.295), toxic gas (4.336) yields (4.354), and
temperature.
4.65
design fire scenario
specific fire scenario (4.
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Požarna varnost - Slovar (ISO 13943:2008)Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO 13943:2008)Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO 13943:2008)Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)13.220.01Varstvo pred požarom na splošnoProtection against fire in general01.040.13Varstvo okolja in zdravja. Varnost (Slovarji)Environment and health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN ISO 13943kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010en01-april-2010kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 13943
February 2010 ICS 13.220.01; 01.040.13 Will supersede EN ISO 13943:2000English Version
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO 13943:2008)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 127.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
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FprEN ISO 13943:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
FprEN ISO 13943:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 13943:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 “Fire safety” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as FprEN ISO 13943:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN ISO 13943:2000. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13943:2008 has been approved by CEN as a FprEN ISO 13943:2010 without any modification.
kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
Reference numberISO 13943:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO13943Second edition2008-10-15Fire safety — Vocabulary Sécurité au feu — Vocabulaire
kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
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ISO 2008 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Definition of the term “item”.1 4 Terms and definitions.1 Bibliography.41 Alphabetical index.42 Systematic index.46 Index of deprecated terms.51 kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) iv
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13943 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, in cooperation with Technical Committee IEC/TC 89, Fire hazard testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13943:2000), which has been technically revised. kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
v Introduction Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the subject field of fire safety. There has been a considerable development of fire safety engineering design, especially as it relates to construction projects, as well as the development of concepts related to performance-based design. With this continuing evolution, there is an increasing need for agreement on a common language in the large domain of fire safety, beyond what traditionally has been limited to the subject field of fire hazard testing. The first edition of ISO 13943 contained definitions of about 180 terms. However, the area of technology that is related to fire safety has continued to evolve rapidly and this second edition contains many new terms as well as new definitions of some of the terms that were in the first edition. This International Standard defines general terms to establish a vocabulary applicable to fire safety, including fire safety in buildings and civil engineering works and other elements within the built environment. It will be updated as terms and definitions for further concepts in the subject field of fire safety are agreed upon and developed. It is important to note that when used in legislation, some general fire safety terms have a narrower interpretation and hence the definition given in this International Standard does not apply. The terms in this International Standard are — fundamental concepts, which may be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions, — more specific concepts, used in several areas of fire safety such as fire testing and fire safety engineering used in ISO and IEC fire standards, and — related concept fields, designated by borrowed terms used in building and civil engineering. The layout is in accordance with ISO 10241, unless otherwise specified. Thus, the elements of an entry appear in the following order: a) entry number; b) preferred term(s); c) admitted term(s); d) deprecated term(s); e) definition; f) example(s); g) note(s). The terms are presented in English alphabetical order and are in bold type except for accepted but non-preferred terms and deprecated terms, which are in normal type. In a definition, example or note, reference to another entry in bold face is followed by the entry number in brackets, when it is first mentioned. Entry number, preferred term and definition are the mandatory elements of each entry. Other elements appear only when appropriate. Where a given term designates more than one concept, the concepts are listed in separate consecutive entries and the terms individually numbered. If the term has a general meaning but is being used in a specific subject field, that subject field is indicated in angled brackets, 〈 〉, at the beginning of the definition. Word class, e.g. “noun”, “adj.”, “verb”, is indicated if there is a risk of misunderstanding. kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) vi
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Where the term describes a physical quantity, a note is given to indicate the typical units that are used (except in cases where the unit is a single dimension such as mass, time or length). Where a national variant in English is preferred or another equivalent exists, this has been given in bold face following the preferred term and annotated by the respective country code. Where no other country code or other equivalent is given in bold, this signifies that the preferred term is the accepted term in English-speaking countries. A term following the preferred term not given in boldface type is a non-preferred synonym. To facilitate the location of any term given in this International Standard, irrespective of preference or country of origin, the alphabetical index lists all preferred and non-preferred synonyms, without the respective country code being indicated. There is also a systematic index and an index of deprecated terms.
kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
1 Fire safety — Vocabulary
1 Scope This International Standard defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in International Standards and other documents of the International Standardization Organization and the International Electrotechnical Committee. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6707-1:2004, Building and civil engineering — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms ISO 10241:1992, International terminology standards — Preparation and layout 3 Definition of the term “item” For the purposes of this International Standard, the English term “item” is used in a general meaning to represent any single object or assembly of objects, and may cover, for example, material, product, assembly, structure or building, as required in the context of any individual definition. If the “item” under consideration is a test specimen then the term “test specimen” is used. 4 Terms and definitions 4.1 abnormal heat 〈electrotechnical〉 heat that is additional to that resulting from use under normal conditions, up to and including that which causes a fire (4.96) 4.2 acceptance criteria criteria that form the basis for assessing the acceptability of the safety of a design of a built environment (4.26) NOTE The criteria can be qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both. 4.3 activation time time interval from response by a sensing device until the suppression system (4.314), smoke control system, alarm system or other fire safety system is fully operational kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
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© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 4.4 actual delivered density ADD volumetric flow rate of water per unit area that is delivered onto the top horizontal surface of a simulated burning combustible (4.43) array NOTE 1 It is typically determined relative to a specific heat release rate (4.177) of a fire (4.98). NOTE 2 ADD can be measured as described in ISO 6182-7. NOTE 3 The typical units are millimetres per minute (mm⋅min−1). 4.5 acute toxicity toxicity (4.341) that causes rapidly occurring toxic (4.335) effects cf. toxic potency (4.338) 4.6 afterflame flame (4.133) that persists after the ignition source (4.189) has been removed 4.7 afterflame time length of time for which an afterflame (4.6) persists under specified conditions cf. duration of flaming (4.71) 4.8 afterglow persistence of glowing combustion (4.169) after both removal of the ignition source (4.189) and the cessation of any flaming combustion (4.148) 4.9 afterglow time length of time during which an afterglow (4.8) persists under specified conditions 4.10 agent outlet orifice of a piping system by means of which an extinguishing fluid can be applied towards the source of a fire (4.98) 4.11 alarm time time interval between ignition (4.187) of a fire (4.98) and activation of an alarm NOTE The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of ignition is determined is always stated when the alarm time is specified. 4.12 alight, adj. lit, adj. CA, US lighted, adj. undergoing combustion (4.46) kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
3 4.13 arc resistance 〈electrotechnical〉 ability of an electrically insulating material to resist the influence of an electric arc, under specified conditions NOTE The arc resistance is identified by the length of the arc, the absence or presence of a conducting path and the burning or damage of the test specimen (4.321). 4.14 area burning rate burning rate (deprecated) rate of burning (deprecated) area of material burned (4.28) per unit time under specified conditions NOTE The typical units are square metres per second ( m2⋅s−1). 4.15 arson crime of setting a fire (4.98), usually with intent to cause damage 4.16 ash ashes mineral residue resulting from complete combustion (4.50) 4.17 asphyxiant toxicant (4.340) that causes hypoxia, which can result in central nervous system depression or cardiovascular effects NOTE Loss of consciousness and ultimately death can occur. 4.18 auto-ignition spontaneous ignition self-ignition CA, US unpiloted ignition CA, US spontaneous combustion (deprecated) ignition (4.187) resulting from a rise of temperature without a separate ignition source (4.189) NOTE 1 The ignition can be caused either by self-heating (4.287, 4.288) or by heating from an external source. NOTE 2 In North America, “spontaneous ignition” is the preferred term used to designate ignition caused by self-heating. 4.19 auto-ignition temperature spontaneous ignition temperature minimum temperature at which auto-ignition (4.18) is obtained in a fire test (4.132) NOTE The typical units are degrees Celsius (°C). 4.20 available safe escape time ASET time available for escape for an individual occupant, the calculated time interval between the time of ignition (4.187) and the time at which conditions become such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective action to escape (4.82) to a safe refuge (4.280) or place of safety (4.253) kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
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© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved NOTE 1 The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of ignition is determined is always stated. NOTE 2 This definition equates incapacitation (4.194) with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are possible. If an alternate criterion is selected, it is necessary that it be stated. NOTE 3 Each occupant can have a different value of ASET, depending on that occupant’s personal characteristics. 4.21 backdraft rapid flaming combustion (4.148) caused by the sudden introduction of air into a confined oxygen-deficient space that contains hot products of incomplete combustion (4.46) NOTE In some cases, these conditions can result in an explosion (4.87). 4.22 behavioural scenario description of the behaviour of occupants during the course of a fire (4.98) 4.23 black body form that completely absorbs any electromagnetic radiation falling upon it 4.24 black-body radiant source radiant source that produces electromagnetic radiation as described by Planck's distribution function NOTE The emissivity (4.75) of a black body radiant source is unity. 4.25 building element integral part of a built environment (4.26) NOTE 1 This includes floors, walls, beams, columns, doors, and penetrations, but does not include contents. NOTE 2 This definition is wider in its scope than that given in ISO 6707-1. 4.26 built environment building or other structure EXAMPLES Off-shore platforms; civil engineering works, such as tunnels, bridges and mines; and means of transportation, such as motor vehicles and marine vessels. NOTE ISO 6707-1 contains a number of terms and definitions for concepts related to the built environment. 4.27 buoyant plume convective updraft of fluid above a heat source cf. fire plume (4.118) 4.28 burn, intransitive verb undergo combustion (4.46) 4.29 burn, transitive verb cause combustion (4.46) kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
5 4.30 burned area that part of the damaged area (4.59) of a material that has been destroyed by combustion (4.46) or pyrolysis (4.266), under specified conditions NOTE The typical units are square metres (m2). 4.31 burned length maximum extent in a specified direction of the burned area (4.30) NOTE The typical units are metres (m). cf. damaged length (4.60) 4.32 burning behaviour 〈fire tests〉 response of a test specimen (4.321), when it burns under specified conditions, to examination of reaction to fire (4.272) or fire resistance (4.121) 4.33 bursting violent rupture of an object due to an overpressure within it or upon it 4.34 calibration 〈fire modelling〉 process of adjusting modelling parameters in a computational model for the purpose of improving agreement with experimental data 4.35 calorimeter apparatus that measures heat cf. heat release rate calorimeter (4.178) and mass calorimeter (4.219). 4.36 carboxyhaemoglobin saturation percentage of blood haemoglobin converted to carboxyhaemoglobin from the reversible reaction with inhaled carbon monoxide 4.37 ceiling jet gas motion in a hot gas layer near a ceiling that is generated by the buoyancy of a fire plume (4.118) that is impinging upon the ceiling 4.38 char, noun carbonaceous residue resulting from pyrolysis (4.266) or incomplete combustion (4.46) 4.39 char, verb form char (4.38) 4.40 char length length of charred area cf. burned length (4.31) and damaged length (4.60) NOTE In some standards, char length is defined by a specific test method. kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) 6
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 4.41 chimney effect upward movement of hot fire effluent (4.105) caused by convection (4.54) currents confined within an essentially vertical enclosure (4.77) NOTE This usually draws more air into the fire (4.96). 4.42 clinker solid agglomerate of residues formed by either complete combustion (4.50) or incomplete combustion (4.46) and which can result from complete or partial melting 4.43 combustible, adj. capable of being ignited (4.186) and burned 4.44 combustible, noun item capable of combustion (4.46) 4.45 combustible load theoretical mass that would be lost from a test specimen (4.321) if it were to undergo complete combustion (4.50) in a fire test (4.132) 4.46 combustion exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent (4.246) NOTE Combustion generally emits fire effluent (4.105) accompanied by flames (4.133) and/or glowing (4.168). 4.47 combustion efficiency ratio of the amount of heat release (4.176) in incomplete combustion (4.46) to the theoretical heat of complete combustion (4.50) NOTE 1 Combustion efficiency can be calculated only for cases where complete combustion can be defined. NOTE 2 Combustion efficiency is dimensionless and is usually expressed as a percentage. 4.48 combustion product product of combustion solid, liquid and gaseous material resulting from combustion (4.46) NOTE Combustion products can include fire effluent (4.105), ash (4.16), char (4.38), clinker (4.42) and/or soot (4.298). 4.49 common mode failure failure involving a single source that affects more than one type of safety system simultaneously 4.50 complete combustion combustion (4.46) in which all the combustion products (4.48) are fully oxidized NOTE 1 This means that, when the oxidizing agent (4.246) is oxygen, all carbon is converted to carbon dioxide and all hydrogen is converted to water. NOTE 2 If elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in the combustible (4.43) material, those elements are converted to the most stable products in their standard states at 298 K. kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
7 4.51 composite material structured combination of two or more discrete materials 4.52 concentration mass per unit volume NOTE 1 For a fire effluent (4.105) the typical units are grams per cubic metre (g⋅m−3). NOTE 2 For a toxic gas (4.336), concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (4.351) at T = 298 K and P = 1 atm, with typical units of microlitres per litre (µL/L), which is equivalent to cm3/m3 or 10−6. NOTE 3 The concentration of a gas at a temperature, T, and a pressure, P can be calculated from its volume fraction (assuming ideal gas behaviour) by multiplying the volume fraction by the density of the gas at that temperature and pressure. 4.53 concentration-time curve 〈toxicology〉 plot of the concentration (4.52) of a toxic gas (4.336) or fire effluent (4.105) as a function of time NOTE 1 For fire effluent, concentration is usually measured in units of grams per cubic metre (g⋅m−3). NOTE 2 For a toxic gas, concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (4.351) at T = 298 K and P = 1 atm, with typical units of microlitres per litre (µL/L), which is equivalent to cm3/m3 or 10−6. 4.54 convection transfer of heat by movement of a fluid 4.55 convective heat flux heat flux (4.173) caused by convection (4.54) 4.56 corrosion damage physical and/or chemical damage or impaired function caused by chemical action 4.57 corrosion target sensor used to determine the degree of corrosion damage (4.56), under specified conditions NOTE The sensor may be a product or a component. It may also be a reference material or object used to simulate the behaviour of a product or a component. 4.58 critical fire load fire load (4.114) required in a fire compartment (4.102) to produce a fire (4.98) of sufficient severity to cause failure of a fire barrier(s) (4.99) or structural member(s) located within or bounding the fire compartment 4.59 damaged area total of those surface areas that have been affected permanently by fire (4.97) under specified conditions cf. burned area (4.30) NOTE 1 Users of this term should specify the types of damage to be considered. This can include, for example, loss of material, deformation, softening, melting behaviour (4.228), char (4.38) formation, combustion (4.46), pyrolysis (4.266) or chemical attack. NOTE 2 The typical units are square metres (m2). kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
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© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 4.60 damaged length maximum extent in a specified direction of the damaged area (4.59) cf. char length (4.40) and burned length (4.31) 4.61 defend in place life safety strategy in which occupants are encouraged to remain in their current location rather than to attempt escape (4.82) during a fire (4.98) 4.62 deflagration combustion (4.46) wave propagating at subsonic velocity NOTE If within a gaseous medium, deflagration is the same as a flame (4.133). 4.63 design density measured volumetric flow rate of water from sprinklers, per unit area, that is delivered in the absence of a fire (4.98) NOTE The typical units are millimetres per minute (mm⋅min−1). 4.64 design fire quantitative description of assumed fire (4.98) characteristics within the design fire scenario (4.65) NOTE It is, typically, an idealized description of the variation with time of important fire (4.98) variables, such as heat release rate (4.177), flame spread rate (4.143), smoke production rate (4.295), toxic gas (4.336) yields (4.354), and temperature. 4.65 design fire scenario specific fire scenario (4.129) on which a deterministic fire-safety engineering (4.126) analysis is conducted 4.66 detection time time interval between ignition (4.187) of a fire (4.98) and its detection by an automatic or manual system 4.67 deterministic model fire model (4.116) that uses science-based mathematical expressions to produce the same result each time the method is used with the same set of input data values 4.68 detonation reaction characterized by a shock wave propagating at a velocity greater than the local speed of sound in the unreacted material 4.69 diffusion flame flame (4.133) in which combustion (4.46) occurs in a zone where the fuel (4.161) and the oxidizing agent (4.246) mix, having been initially separate cf. pre-mixed flame (4.259) kSIST FprEN ISO 13943:2010
ISO 13943:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
9 4.70 draught-free environment space in which the results of experiments are not significantly affected by the local air speed NOTE A qualitative example is a space in which a wax candle flame (4.133) remains essentially undisturbed. Quantitative examples are small-scale fire tests (4.292) in which a maximum air speed of 0,1 m⋅s−1 or 0,2 m⋅s−1 is sometimes specified. 4.71 duration of flaming length of time for which flaming combustion (4.148) persists under specified conditions cf. afterflame time (4.7) 4.72 effective concentration 50 EC50 concentration (4.52) of a toxic gas (4.336) or fire effluent (4.105), statistically calculated from concentration-response data, that causes a specified effect in 50 % of a population of a given species within a specified exposure time (4.90) and post-exposure time (4.254) cf. IC50 (4.181) NOTE 1 For fire effluent, typical units are grams per cubic metre (g⋅m−3). NOTE 2 For a toxic gas, typical units are microlitres per litre (µL/L) (at T = 298 K and P = 1 atm); see volume fraction (4.351). NOTE 3 The observed effect is usually a behavioural response, incapacitation (4.194), or death. The EC50 for incapacitation is termed the IC50 (4.181). The EC50 for lethality is termed the LC50 (4.207). 4.73 effective exposure dose 50 ECt50 product of EC50 (4.72) and the exposure time (4.90) over which it is deter
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