SIST EN ISO 14720-2:2026

Testing of ceramic materials - Determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials - Part 2: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after burning in the oxygen flow (ISO 14720-2:2026)

This document specifies a method for the determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials, which are completely oxidized at a higher temperature in an oxygen atmosphere, e.g. carbon and graphite materials.
For materials which are not completely oxidizable under these conditions, it is possible to determine sulfur that can be released under these conditions, e.g. the adherent sulfur.
This document is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur ≤ 10 % and mass fractions of ash < 20 %, The defined method is limited for materials with mass fractions of barium < 10 mg/kg, because the sulfur bonded in barium sulfate is not detectable with this method.
For the lower detection limit of this method, a mass fraction of sulfur of 0,5 mg/kg in the case of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and 5 mg/kg in the case of ion chromatography (IC) can be considered as a practical value.

Prüfung keramischer Werkstoffe - Bestimmung des Schwefelgehaltes in nichtoxidischen keramischen Roh- und Werkstoffen - Teil 2: Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP-OES) oder Ionenchromatographie (IC) nach Verbrennung im Sauerstoffstrom (ISO 14720-2:2026)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Schwefelgehaltes in nichtoxidischen keramischen Roh- und Werkstoffen fest, die bei erhöhter Temperatur im Sauerstoffstrom vollständig oxidieren, z. B. Kohlenstoff- und Graphitwerkstoffe.
Bei Werkstoffen, die bei diesen Bedingungen nicht vollständig oxidieren, ist unter diesen Bedingungen auch der freisetzbare Schwefel, z. B. der anhaftende Schwefel, bestimmbar.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Werkstoffe mit Massenanteilen an Schwefel ≤ 10 % und an Glührückstand < 20 %. Das festgelegte Verfahren ist auf Werkstoffe mit einem Massenanteil an Barium < 10 mg/kg beschränkt, da in Bariumsulfat gebundener Schwefel mit diesem Verfahren nicht erfasst werden kann.
Als praktische Werte für die untere Nachweisgrenze dieses Verfahrens können Massenanteile an Schwefel von 0,5 mg/kg bei Bestimmung mittels Optischer Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP-OES) und 5 mg/kg bei Bestimmung mittels Ionenchromatographie (IC) angesehen werden.

Essai des matières céramiques - Détermination de la teneur en soufre des matières premières céramiques non oxydes et des matériaux céramiques non oxydes - Partie 2: Spectrométrie d'émission optique avec plasma couplé inductif (ICP-OES) ou chromatographie ionique (IC) après combustion dans le courant d'oxygène (ISO 14720-2:2026)

La présente partie de l'ISO 14720 définit une méthode de dosage du soufre dans des produits et des matières premières céramiques non oxydes, qui sont complètement oxydés à haute température dans une atmosphère d’oxygène, par exemple des matériaux carbonés et des matériaux de graphite.
Pour les matériaux qui ne peuvent être complètement oxydés dans ces conditions, il est possible de doser le soufre qui peut être libéré dans ces conditions, par exemple le soufre adhérent.
La présente partie de l'ISO 14720 est applicable aux matériaux dont la fraction massique de soufre est ≤ 10 % et dont la fraction massique de cendres est < 20 %. La méthode définie est limitée aux matériaux dont la fraction massique de baryum est < 10 mg/kg parce que le soufre lié dans le sulfate de baryum ne peut pas être détecté par cette méthode.
Pour ce qui est de la limite de détection inférieure, une fraction massique de soufre de 0,5 mg/kg dans le cas de la spectrométrie d'émission optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES) et de 5 mg/kg dans le cas de la chromatographie ionique (IC) doit être considérée comme la valeur recommandée pour cette méthode.

Preskušanje keramičnih materialov - Ugotavljanje žvepla v neoksidativnih keramičnih surovinah in osnovnih materialih - 2. del: Atomska emisijska spektrometrija z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP AES) ali ionska kromatografija (IC) po izpostavitvi ognju v pretoku kisika (ISO 14720-2:2026)

Ta dokument določa metodo za določanje žvepla v neoksidnih keramičnih surovinah in keramičnih materialih, ki so popolnoma oksidirani pri višji temperaturi v kisikovi atmosferi, npr. ogljikovi in grafitni materiali.
Za materiale, ki niso popolnoma oksidativni pod temi pogoji, je mogoče določiti žveplo, ki se lahko sprosti pod temi pogoji, npr. vezano žveplo.
Ta dokument je uporaben za materiale z masnimi deleži žvepla ≤ 10 % in masnimi deleži pepela < 20 %. Določena metoda je omejena za materiale z masnimi deleži barija < 10 mg/kg, ker žveplo vezano v barijevem sulfatu ni zaznavno s to metodo.
Za spodnjo mejo zaznavnosti te metode se lahko kot praktična vrednost šteje masni delež žvepla 0,5 mg/kg v primeru optične emisijske spektrometrije z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP-OES) in 5 mg/kg v primeru ionske kromatografije (IC).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 18-May-2025
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2026
• ICS: 81.060.10 - Raw materials
• Technical Committee: IKER - Ceramics
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 31-Mar-2026
• Due Date: 05-Jun-2026
• Completion Date: 10-Apr-2026
• Ref Project: EN ISO 14720-2:2026 - Testing of ceramic materials - Determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials - Part 2: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after burning in the oxygen flow (ISO 14720-2:2026)

Relations

• Referred By: SIST EN ISO 18113-2:2024 - In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Information supplied by the manufacturer (labelling) - Part 2: In vitro diagnostic reagents for professional use (ISO 18113-2:2022)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN ISO 18113-4:2024 - In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Information supplied by the manufacturer (labelling) - Part 4: In vitro diagnostic reagents for self-testing (ISO 18113-4:2022)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN ISO 18113-3:2024 - In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Information supplied by the manufacturer (labelling) - Part 3: In vitro diagnostic instruments for professional use (ISO 18113-3:2022)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN ISO 18113-5:2024 - In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Information supplied by the manufacturer (labelling) - Part 5: In vitro diagnostic instruments for self-testing (ISO 18113-5:2022)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Revises: SIST EN ISO 14720-2:2013 - Testing of ceramic raw and basic materials - Determination of sulfur in powders and granules of non-oxidic ceramic raw and basic materials - Part 2: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) or ion chromatography after burning in an oxygen flow (ISO 14720-2:2013)
• Effective Date: 17-Apr-2024

Overview

The kSIST FprEN ISO 14720-2:2025 standard, developed by CEN and aligned with ISO/FDIS 14720-2:2025, specifies a precise method for the determination of sulfur content in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials. This method is essential for quality control and material characterization in industries handling carbon, graphite, and other non-oxidic ceramics. The test relies on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after subjecting the materials to combustion in an oxygen flow, providing reliable quantitative analysis of sulfur concentrations.

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Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability

  • Applies to powdered and granular ceramic raw materials and materials.
  • Suitable for materials with sulfur mass fractions up to 10% and ash content below 20%.
  • Limited to materials with barium mass fractions below 10 mg/kg, as sulfur bound in barium sulfate is not detectable.
  • Detects released sulfur from both completely oxidizable and partially oxidizable materials.

• Methodology

  • Samples are combusted at 1100 °C in an oxygen atmosphere, converting sulfur to sulfur oxides.
  • Absorbed sulfur oxides are collected in a sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide solution.
  • Sulfur concentration is measured via:
    • ICP-OES (with a detection limit of 0.5 mg/kg sulfur).
    • Ion Chromatography (IC) (with a detection limit of 5 mg/kg sulfur).

• Analytical Considerations

  • The method addresses spectral and physical interferences in ICP-OES:
    • Spectral: Managed through manufacturer guidelines, including correction for emission line overlaps and background signals.
    • Physical: Compensated to account for plasma and transport interferences that affect measurement accuracy.
  • Instrument calibration and sample preparation protocols ensure reproducible results.

• Performance and Precision

  • Repeatability and reproducibility are defined to ensure consistency across laboratories.
  • Blank value determination and calculation/reporting protocols standardize test results.
  • The standard includes informative annexes covering combustion device examples, operating parameters, round-robin test results, uncertainty validation, and certified reference materials.

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Applications

• Quality Assurance in Ceramic Production

  • Ensures precise sulfur quantification to control the purity and chemical properties of ceramic raw materials.
  • Facilitates compliance with industrial quality standards for ceramics used in refractory, electronic, and structural applications.

• Material Research and Development

  • Supports development of advanced ceramics by providing reliable data on sulfur-related impurities.
  • Critical for modifying material properties where sulfur content influences thermal stability and chemical resistance.

• Environmental and Regulatory Monitoring

  • Assists in assessing materials for environmental impact by quantifying sulfur, a potential pollutant during processing.
  • Assists manufacturers in meeting regulatory thresholds for harmful substances in ceramic products.

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Related Standards

• ISO 14720-1: Covers infrared measurement methods for sulfur determination in ceramic materials, providing complementary techniques.
• ISO 11885: Standard for ICP-OES determination of selected elements in water quality analysis, foundational for ICP-OES procedures referenced.
• ISO 10304-1: Specifies liquid chromatography methods for dissolved anions, including sulfate, forming the basis for the ion chromatography approach in sulfur analysis.

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By adhering to kSIST FprEN ISO 14720-2:2025, laboratories and manufacturers benefit from a standardized, validated approach to sulfur determination in non-oxidic ceramics, enhancing control over material properties and supporting industry best practices. The method’s dual focus on ICP-OES and ion chromatography after oxygen combustion ensures broad applicability and reliable detection down to low parts-per-million levels of sulfur.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2026
Preskušanje keramičnih materialov - Ugotavljanje žvepla v neoksidativnih
keramičnih surovinah in osnovnih materialih - 2. del: Atomska emisijska
spektrometrija z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP AES) ali ionska kromatografija
(IC) po izpostavitvi ognju v pretoku kisika (ISO 14720-2:2026)
Testing of ceramic materials - Determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials
and ceramic materials - Part 2: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after burning in the oxygen flow (ISO 14720-
2:2026)
Prüfung keramischer Werkstoffe - Bestimmung des Schwefelgehaltes in nichtoxidischen
keramischen Roh- und Werkstoffen - Teil 2: Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit
induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP-OES) oder Ionenchromatographie (IC) nach
Verbrennung im Sauerstoffstrom (ISO 14720-2:2026)
Essai des matières céramiques - Détermination de la teneur en soufre des matières
premières céramiques non oxydes et des matériaux céramiques non oxydes - Partie 2:
Spectrométrie d'émission optique avec plasma couplé inductif (ICP-OES) ou
chromatographie ionique (IC) après combustion dans le courant d'oxygène (ISO 14720-
2:2026)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14720-2:2026
ICS:
81.060.10 Surovine Raw materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 14720-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2026
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14720-2:2013
English Version
Testing of ceramic materials - Determination of sulfur in
non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials -
Part 2: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after
burning in the oxygen flow (ISO 14720-2:2026)
Analyse des matériaux céramiques - Dosage du soufre Prüfung keramischer Werkstoffe - Bestimmung des
dans les produits et les matières premières céramiques Schwefelgehaltes in nichtoxidischen keramischen Roh-
non oxydes - Partie 2: Spectrométrie d'émission und Werkstoffen - Teil 2: Optische
optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES) ou Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem
chromatographie ionique (IC) après combustion dans Plasma (ICP-OES) oder Ionenchromatographie (IC)
le courant d'oxygène (ISO 14720-2:2026) nach Verbrennung im Sauerstoffstrom (ISO 14720-
2:2026)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 February 2026.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14720-2:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14720-2:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33
"Refractories" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and
materials” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2026, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14720-2:2013.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14720-2:2026 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14720-2:2026 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 14720-2
Second edition
Testing of ceramic materials —
2026-03
Determination of sulfur in non-
oxidic ceramic raw materials and
ceramic materials —
Part 2:
Inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
or ion chromatography (IC) after
burning in the oxygen flow
Analyse des matériaux céramiques — Dosage du soufre dans les
produits et les matières premières céramiques non oxydes —
Partie 2: Spectrométrie d'émission optique par plasma à
couplage inductif (ICP-OES) ou chromatographie ionique (IC)
après combustion dans le courant d'oxygène
Reference number
ISO 14720-2:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ISO 14720-2:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 14720-2:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Interferences . 2
5.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) .2
5.1.1 Spectral interferences .2
5.1.2 Physical interferences .2
5.2 Ion chromatography (IC) .3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Reagents . 3
8 Sampling and sample preparation . 4
9 Preparation . 4
9.1 Combustion device .4
9.2 Oxygen .4
9.3 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer .4
9.4 Ion chromatograph .4
10 Calibration . 5
10.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer .5
10.2 Ion chromatograph .5
11 Performance . 5
11.1 Determination of the blank value .5
11.2 Determination of the sulfur content .5
12 Calculation and report of the results . 6
13 Precision . 6
13.1 Repeatability .6
13.2 Reproducibility .6
14 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Example of a combustion device . 8
Annex B (informative) Example for suitable operating parameters for the determination of
sulfur by ion chromatography . . 9
Annex C (informative) Example for suitable operating parameters for the determination of
sulfur by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy .10
Annex D (informative) Results of the round-robin test .11
Annex E (informative) Information regarding validation of the uncertainty of the mean value . 14
Annex F (informative) Commercial Certified Reference Materials (CRM) .15
Bibliography .16

iii
ISO 14720-2:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33, Refractories, in collaboration with the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory products
and materials, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14720-2:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— title of this document revised to better describe its field of application;
— Clause 1 adapted to the new title;
— subclause 9.3 provides additional information on suitable sulfur emission lines;
— in 9.3, 9.4, 11.1 and 11.2, NOTES were transferred into normative paragraphs;
— subclause 11.1 provides additional information on blank measurement;
— in 11.2, the error in the analysis process regarding the extraction of the residue after combustion has
been corrected;
— in Clause 12, symbols for variables have been revised according to ISO/IEC requirements.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14720 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
International Standard ISO 14720-2:2026(en)
Testing of ceramic materials — Determination of sulfur in
non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials —
Part 2:
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES) or ion chromatography (IC) after burning in the
oxygen flow
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and
ceramic materials, which are completely oxidized at a higher temperature in an oxygen atmosphere, e.g.
carbon and graphite materials.
For materials which are not completely oxidizable under these conditions, it is possible to determine sulfur
that can be released under these conditions, e.g. the adherent sulfur.
This document is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur ≤ 10 % and mass fractions of ash
< 20 %, The defined method is limited for materials with mass fractions of barium < 10 mg/kg, because the
sulfur bonded in barium sulfate is not detectable with this method.
For the lower detection limit of this method, a mass fraction of sulfur of 0,5 mg/kg in the case of inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and 5 mg/kg in the case of ion chromatography
(IC) can be considered as a practical value.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10304-1, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part 1:
Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
ISO 11885, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
sulfur content
mass fraction of inorganic and organic bound sulfur

ISO 14720-2:2026(en)
4 Principle
The dried sample is oxidized in a flow of oxygen at a temperature of 1 100 °C using a porcelain crucible.
The resulting sulfur oxides are absorbed in a solution of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The
remaining material (ash) is dissolved and combined with the absorption liquid in the case of calcium-
sulfate-containing sample material. The concentration of sulfur in the sample solution shall be determined
by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in accordance with ISO 11885 or by
ion chromatography (IC) as sulfate in accordance with ISO 10304-1.
5 Interferences
5.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
5.1.1 Spectral interferences
The compensation of spectral interferences shall be performed according to the manual of the manufacturer
of the spectrometer.
NOTE 1 Spectral interferences can be caused by:
a) overlapping with the emission line of another element;
b) overlapping with molecular bands;
c) unspecific background (for example scattering, recombinations).
Overlapping of lines can be compensated for by arithmetical correction of the raw data if applicable.
Correction factors shall be determined by measuring at least one undisturbed additional emission line of
the interfering element and considering the relation of the intensity of this emission line to the emission line
which interferes with the analyte element.
In the case of overlapping with molecular bands, an alternative emission line shall be chosen.
NOTE 2 Unspecific background is usually compensated for by measuring the background signal in the surroundings
of the analyte emission line.
5.1.2 Physical interferences
To compensate physical interferences, suitable measures shall be taken.
NOTE Physical interferences occur as plasma i
...