SIST ISO 19103:2020
(Main)Geographic information -- Conceptual schema language
Geographic information -- Conceptual schema language
This International Standard provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language within the context of geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This International Standard provides a profile of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The standardization target type of this standard is UML schemas describing geographic information.
Information géographique -- Langage de schéma conceptuel
Geografske informacije - Jezik za konceptualno shemo
Ta mednarodni standard določa pravila in smernice za uporabo jezika za konceptualno shemo v kontekstu geografskih informacij. Izbrani jezik za konceptualno shemo je poenoteni jezik modeliranja (UML). Ta mednarodni standard določa profil poenotenega jezika modeliranja (UML). Vrsta cilja standardizacije za ta standard so sheme poenotenega jezika modeliranja, ki opisujejo geografske informacije.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19103
First edition
2015-12-01
Geographic information — Conceptual
schema language
Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
Reference number
ISO 19103:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19103:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Introduction . 1
2.2 UML version conformance . 1
2.2.1 UML 2 conformance class. 1
2.2.2 UML 1 to UML2 mapping conformance class . 1
2.2.3 Conformant schema conformance class . 2
2.3 Data types conformance . 2
2.3.1 Introduction . 2
2.3.2 Core types conformance class . 2
2.3.3 Core and extension types conformance class . 2
2.4 Model documentation conformance . 3
2.4.1 Introduction . 3
2.4.2 Model documentation conformance class . 3
3 Normative references . 3
4 Terms and definitions . 4
5 Presentation and abbreviations . 8
5.1 Presentation . 8
5.2 Backwards compatibility to previous version of ISO 19103 . 8
5.3 Abbreviations . 8
6 The ISO 19103 UML Profile – Use of UML . 9
6.1 Introduction . 9
6.2 General use of UML . 9
6.3 Classifiers .10
6.4 Attributes .10
6.5 Enumerations and codelists .11
6.5.1 General rules .11
6.5.2 Enumerations .11
6.5.3 Code lists .12
6.6 Data types .13
6.7 Operations .13
6.8 Relationships .13
6.8.1 General.13
6.8.2 Associations .13
6.8.3 Generalizations.14
6.8.4 Realizations .14
6.9 Services .15
6.10 Stereotypes and keywords .16
6.10.1 Introduction .16
6.10.2 Stereotypes and keywords .16
6.11 Optional, conditional and mandatory attributes and association ends .16
6.11.1 Mandatory .16
6.11.2 Optional .17
6.11.3 Conditional .17
6.12 Naming and namespaces .17
6.13 Packages .18
6.14 Notes .18
6.15 Constraints .19
6.16 Documentation of models .19
7 Core data types .20
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 19103:2015(E)
7.1 Introduction .20
7.2 Primitive types .20
7.2.1 General.20
7.2.2 Date .21
7.2.3 Time .21
7.2.4 DateTime .22
7.2.5 Number .22
7.2.6 Decimal . .24
7.2.7 Integer .24
7.2.8 Real .24
7.2.9 Vector .25
7.2.10 CharacterString .25
7.2.11 Boolean .27
7.3 Collections .27
7.3.1 General.27
7.3.2 Collection templates .28
7.3.3 Set .28
7.3.4 Bag .28
7.3.5 Sequence .29
7.4 Enumerated types .29
7.4.1 General.29
7.4.2 Bit .30
7.4.3 Digit .30
7.4.4 Sign .30
7.5 Name types .30
7.5.1 General.30
7.5.2 NameSpace .31
7.5.3 GenericName .33
7.5.4 ScopedName .33
7.5.5 LocalName .34
7.5.6 TypeName .35
7.5.7 MemberName .35
7.6 Any type .36
7.7 Record types .36
7.7.1 General.36
7.7.2 Record .36
7.7.3 RecordType .37
7.7.4 Field.37
7.7.5 FieldType .37
7.8 NULL and EMPTY values .37
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .38
Annex B (normative) Rules for mapping UML 1 models to UML 2 models .40
Annex C (normative) Data types – extension types .41
Annex D (normative) Formal UML profile .48
Annex E (informative) On conceptual schema languages .50
Annex F (informative) Modelling guidelines .58
Annex G (informative) Introduction to UML .67
Annex H (informative) Backwards compatibility .79
Bibliography .81
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This first edition of ISO 19103:2015 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19103:2005).
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard of the ISO geographic information suite of standards is concerned with
the adoption and use of a conceptual schema language (CSL) for developing computer interpretable
models, or schemas, of geographic information. Standardization of geographic information requires the
use of a formal CSL to specify unambiguous schemas that can serve as a basis for data interchange
and the definition of interoperable services. An important goal of the ISO geographic information suite
of standards is to create a framework in which data interchange and service interoperability can be
realized across multiple implementation environments. The adoption and consistent use of a CSL to
specify geographic information is of fundamental importance in achieving this goal.
There are two aspects to this International Standard. First, a CSL is selected that meets the requirements
for rigorous representation of geographic information. This International Standard identifies the
combination of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) static structure diagram with its associated
Object Constraint Language (OCL) and a set of basic type definitions as the conceptual schema language
for specification of geographic information. Secondly, this International Standard provides guidelines
on how UML should be used to create geographic information models that are a basis for achieving the
goal of interoperability.
One goal of the ISO geographic information suite of standards using UML models is that they will
provide a basis for model based mapping to encoding schemas like the ones defined in ISO 19118, as
well as a basis for creating implementation specifications for implementation profiles for various other
environments.
This International Standard describes the general metamodel for use of UML in the context of the
ISO geographic information series of standards. Aspects specifically dealing with the modelling of
application schemas are described in ISO 19109.
This International Standard is a revision of a previous version from 2005. Changes are documented in
Clause 5.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19103:2015(E)
Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1 Scope
This International Standard provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language
within the context of geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is the Unified
Modeling Language (UML).
This International Standard provides a profile of the Unified Modelling Language (UML).
The standardization target type of this standard is UML schemas describing geographic information.
2 Conformance
2.1 Introduction
This International Standard defines three levels of conformance classes:
— UML version
— Data types
— Model documentation
To conform to this International Standard, the usage of a conceptual schema language shall satisfy
all of the requirements specified in one of the three levels of conformance described below, with the
corresponding abstract test suite in Annex A.
2.2 UML version conformance
2.2.1 UML 2 conformance class
Table 1 describes the conformance class for UML 2.
Table 1 — UML 2 conformance class
Conformance class identifier UML2
Standardization target type UML2 schemas for geographic information
Dependency ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, Clause 2
OCL 2.3.1
Requirements All requirements in 6.2 to 6.12 except Requirement
2, and including Requirement 26.
Tests All tests in A.1.2
2.2.2 UML 1 to UML2 mapping conformance class
Table 2 describes the conformance class for mapping from UML 1.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 19103:2015(E)
Table 2 — UML 1 to UML 2 mapping conformance class
Conformance class identifier UML1
Standardization target type UML1 schemas for geographic information
Dependency UML2
ConformantSchema
ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Clause 2
Requirements All requirements in Annex B
Tests All tests in A.1.3
2.2.3 Conformant schema conformance class
Table 3 describes the conformance class for non-UML schemas.
NOTE Non-UML schemas are considered conformant if there is a well-defined mapping from a model in the
source language into an equivalent model in UML and that this model in UML is conformant.
Table 3 — Conformant schema conformance class
Conformance class identifier ConformantSchema
Standardization target type Schemas for geographic information
Dependency UML2
Requirements Requirement 2 in 6.2.
Tests All tests in A.1.4
2.3 Data types conformance
2.3.1 Introduction
Conceptual schemas that claim conformance with this International Standard may also state that they
conform to a named subset of the concepts in the standard. These subsets may be used to document
different levels of capabilities or complexities. This International Standard describes two levels of
capabilities for the use of data types which are defined in Table 4 and 5.
2.3.2 Core types conformance class
Table 4 describes the conformance class for core data types.
Table 4 — Core types conformance class
Conformance class identifier CoreTypes
Standardization target type Core types for geographic information
Dependency UML2
ISO/IEC 11404:2007
ISO 8601:2004
Requirements All requirements in Clause 7
Tests All tests in A.2.1
2.3.3 Core and extension types conformance class
Table 5 describes the conformance class for core and extension data types.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Table 5 — Core and extension types conformance class
Conformance class identifier CoreExtendedTypes
Standardization target type Core and extension types for geographic information
Dependency CoreTypes
ISO 639
ISO 3166
RFC 3986
Requirements All requirements in Annex C
Tests All tests in A.2.2
2.4 Model documentation conformance
2.4.1 Introduction
The UML diagrams and textual description of model elements in a model are most often presented in
a document. The specific requirements in this International Standard for presentation of geographic
information is an extension of the requirements imposed by UML 2. A separate conformance class is
defined for this in Table 6.
2.4.2 Model documentation conformance class
Table 6 describes the conformance class for model documentation.
Table 6 — Model documentation conformance class
Conformance class identifier ModelDocumentation
Standardization target type Documentation of UML schemas for geographic
information
Dependency UML2
Requirements All requirements in 6.16
Tests All tests in A.3
3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names and languages
ISO 3166 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions
ISO 8601:2004, Dat
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19103:2020
01-januar-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS ISO/TS 19103:2009
Geografske informacije - Jezik za konceptualno shemo
Geographic information -- Conceptual schema language
Information géographique -- Langage de schéma conceptuel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19103:2015
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.060 Jeziki, ki se uporabljajo v Languages used in
informacijski tehniki in information technology
tehnologiji
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19103:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 19103:2020
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SIST ISO 19103:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19103
First edition
2015-12-01
Geographic information — Conceptual
schema language
Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
Reference number
ISO 19103:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Introduction . 1
2.2 UML version conformance . 1
2.2.1 UML 2 conformance class. 1
2.2.2 UML 1 to UML2 mapping conformance class . 1
2.2.3 Conformant schema conformance class . 2
2.3 Data types conformance . 2
2.3.1 Introduction . 2
2.3.2 Core types conformance class . 2
2.3.3 Core and extension types conformance class . 2
2.4 Model documentation conformance . 3
2.4.1 Introduction . 3
2.4.2 Model documentation conformance class . 3
3 Normative references . 3
4 Terms and definitions . 4
5 Presentation and abbreviations . 8
5.1 Presentation . 8
5.2 Backwards compatibility to previous version of ISO 19103 . 8
5.3 Abbreviations . 8
6 The ISO 19103 UML Profile – Use of UML . 9
6.1 Introduction . 9
6.2 General use of UML . 9
6.3 Classifiers .10
6.4 Attributes .10
6.5 Enumerations and codelists .11
6.5.1 General rules .11
6.5.2 Enumerations .11
6.5.3 Code lists .12
6.6 Data types .13
6.7 Operations .13
6.8 Relationships .13
6.8.1 General.13
6.8.2 Associations .13
6.8.3 Generalizations.14
6.8.4 Realizations .14
6.9 Services .15
6.10 Stereotypes and keywords .16
6.10.1 Introduction .16
6.10.2 Stereotypes and keywords .16
6.11 Optional, conditional and mandatory attributes and association ends .16
6.11.1 Mandatory .16
6.11.2 Optional .17
6.11.3 Conditional .17
6.12 Naming and namespaces .17
6.13 Packages .18
6.14 Notes .18
6.15 Constraints .19
6.16 Documentation of models .19
7 Core data types .20
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
7.1 Introduction .20
7.2 Primitive types .20
7.2.1 General.20
7.2.2 Date .21
7.2.3 Time .21
7.2.4 DateTime .22
7.2.5 Number .22
7.2.6 Decimal . .24
7.2.7 Integer .24
7.2.8 Real .24
7.2.9 Vector .25
7.2.10 CharacterString .25
7.2.11 Boolean .27
7.3 Collections .27
7.3.1 General.27
7.3.2 Collection templates .28
7.3.3 Set .28
7.3.4 Bag .28
7.3.5 Sequence .29
7.4 Enumerated types .29
7.4.1 General.29
7.4.2 Bit .30
7.4.3 Digit .30
7.4.4 Sign .30
7.5 Name types .30
7.5.1 General.30
7.5.2 NameSpace .31
7.5.3 GenericName .33
7.5.4 ScopedName .33
7.5.5 LocalName .34
7.5.6 TypeName .35
7.5.7 MemberName .35
7.6 Any type .36
7.7 Record types .36
7.7.1 General.36
7.7.2 Record .36
7.7.3 RecordType .37
7.7.4 Field.37
7.7.5 FieldType .37
7.8 NULL and EMPTY values .37
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .38
Annex B (normative) Rules for mapping UML 1 models to UML 2 models .40
Annex C (normative) Data types – extension types .41
Annex D (normative) Formal UML profile .48
Annex E (informative) On conceptual schema languages .50
Annex F (informative) Modelling guidelines .58
Annex G (informative) Introduction to UML .67
Annex H (informative) Backwards compatibility .79
Bibliography .81
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This first edition of ISO 19103:2015 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19103:2005).
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard of the ISO geographic information suite of standards is concerned with
the adoption and use of a conceptual schema language (CSL) for developing computer interpretable
models, or schemas, of geographic information. Standardization of geographic information requires the
use of a formal CSL to specify unambiguous schemas that can serve as a basis for data interchange
and the definition of interoperable services. An important goal of the ISO geographic information suite
of standards is to create a framework in which data interchange and service interoperability can be
realized across multiple implementation environments. The adoption and consistent use of a CSL to
specify geographic information is of fundamental importance in achieving this goal.
There are two aspects to this International Standard. First, a CSL is selected that meets the requirements
for rigorous representation of geographic information. This International Standard identifies the
combination of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) static structure diagram with its associated
Object Constraint Language (OCL) and a set of basic type definitions as the conceptual schema language
for specification of geographic information. Secondly, this International Standard provides guidelines
on how UML should be used to create geographic information models that are a basis for achieving the
goal of interoperability.
One goal of the ISO geographic information suite of standards using UML models is that they will
provide a basis for model based mapping to encoding schemas like the ones defined in ISO 19118, as
well as a basis for creating implementation specifications for implementation profiles for various other
environments.
This International Standard describes the general metamodel for use of UML in the context of the
ISO geographic information series of standards. Aspects specifically dealing with the modelling of
application schemas are described in ISO 19109.
This International Standard is a revision of a previous version from 2005. Changes are documented in
Clause 5.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19103:2015(E)
Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1 Scope
This International Standard provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language
within the context of geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is the Unified
Modeling Language (UML).
This International Standard provides a profile of the Unified Modelling Language (UML).
The standardization target type of this standard is UML schemas describing geographic information.
2 Conformance
2.1 Introduction
This International Standard defines three levels of conformance classes:
— UML version
— Data types
— Model documentation
To conform to this International Standard, the usage of a conceptual schema language shall satisfy
all of the requirements specified in one of the three levels of conformance described below, with the
corresponding abstract test suite in Annex A.
2.2 UML version conformance
2.2.1 UML 2 conformance class
Table 1 describes the conformance class for UML 2.
Table 1 — UML 2 conformance class
Conformance class identifier UML2
Standardization target type UML2 schemas for geographic information
Dependency ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, Clause 2
OCL 2.3.1
Requirements All requirements in 6.2 to 6.12 except Requirement
2, and including Requirement 26.
Tests All tests in A.1.2
2.2.2 UML 1 to UML2 mapping conformance class
Table 2 describes the conformance class for mapping from UML 1.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Table 2 — UML 1 to UML 2 mapping conformance class
Conformance class identifier UML1
Standardization target type UML1 schemas for geographic information
Dependency UML2
ConformantSchema
ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Clause 2
Requirements All requirements in Annex B
Tests All tests in A.1.3
2.2.3 Conformant schema conformance class
Table 3 describes the conformance class for non-UML schemas.
NOTE Non-UML schemas are considered conformant if there is a well-defined mapping from a model in the
source language into an equivalent model in UML and that this model in UML is conformant.
Table 3 — Conformant schema conformance class
Conformance class identifier ConformantSchema
Standardization target type Schemas for geographic information
Dependency UML2
Requirements Requirement 2 in 6.2.
Tests All tests in A.1.4
2.3 Data types conformance
2.3.1 Introduction
Conceptual schemas that claim conformance with this International Standard may also state that they
conform to a named subset of the concepts in the standard. These subsets may be used to document
different levels of capabilities or complexities. This International Standard describes two levels of
capabilities for the use of data types which are defined in Table 4 and 5.
2.3.2 Core types conformance class
Table 4 describes the conformance class for core data types.
Table 4 — Core types conformance class
Conformance class identifier CoreTypes
Standardization target type Core types for geographic information
Dependency UML2
ISO/IEC 11404:2007
ISO 8601:2004
Requirements All requirements in Clause 7
Tests All tests in A.2.1
2.3.3 Core and extension types conformance class
Table 5 describes the conformance class for core and extension data types.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19103:2020
ISO 19103:2015(E)
Table 5 — Core and extension types conformance class
Conformance class identifier CoreExtendedTypes
Standardization target type Core and extension types for geographic information
Dependency CoreTypes
ISO 639
ISO 3166
RFC 3986
Requirements All requirements in Annex C
Tests All tests in A.2.2
2.4 Model documentation conformance
2.4.1 Introduction
The UML diagrams and textual description of model elements in a model are most often presented in
a document. The specific requirements in this International Standard for pre
...
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