SIST ISO 10155:1996

Stationary source emissions - Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles - Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications

Specifies conditions and criteria for the automated monitoring of the mass concentration of particulate matter in stationary source gas streams, including performance characteristics and test procedures. Provides the field evaluation test program and its application to automated monitoring systems. Applicable only on a site-specific basis by direct correlation with the manual testing method in ISO 9096.

Émissions de sources fixes - Contrôle automatique des concentrations en masse de particules - Caractéristiques de fonctionnement, modes opératoires d'essai et spécifications

Emisije nepremičnih virov - Avtomatski monitoring masne koncentracije delcev - Delovne karakteristike, preskusne metode in specifikacije

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-1996
• ICS: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
• Technical Committee: KAZ - Air quality
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Oct-1996
• Due Date: 01-Oct-1996
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-1996
• Ref Project: ISO 10155:1995 - Stationary source emissions — Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles — Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications

Relations

• Corrected By: SIST ISO 10155:1996/Cor.1:2003 - Stationary source emissions - Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles - Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications - Corrigendum Cor. 1
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2003
• Corrected By: SIST ISO 10155:1996/Cor.1:2003 - Stationary source emissions - Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles - Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications - Corrigendum Cor. 1
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL
ISO
STANDARD
10155
First edition
1995-04-01
Stationary Source emissions - Automated
monitoring of mass concentrations of
particles - Performance characteristics,
test methods and specifications
Emissions de sources fixes - Con tr6le automa tique des concen tra tions
en masse de particules - Caractkritisques de fonctionnemen t, modes
op&a toires d ‘essai et spkifica tions
Reference number
ISO 10155:1995(E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
PS0 10155:1995(E)
Contents
Page
1
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Measurement System components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.1 Sampling and analytical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 Data recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 Installation criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 3
5.1 Sampling location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.2 Environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 System Performance specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1 Response time . . 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2 Zero drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
6.3 Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................... 5
6.4 Span drift .
5
6.5 Calibration specifications .
5
7 Test procedures to validate specifications . . . . . . .*.*.
5
7.1 Response time test .
7.2 Zero and span setting in the field . 6
7.3 System calibration . . 6
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A Statistical treatment of data
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B Possible sampling configurations
14
C Test data forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D Example of calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 16
0 ISO 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwtse specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, eiectronic or mechanicai, inckrding photocopyrng and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
0 ISO
ISO 10155:1995(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 10155 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary Source
emissions.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B,
C and D are for information only.

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Chis page intentionaliy left blank

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 10155:1995(E)
- Automated monitoring
Stationary Source emissions
Performance
of mass concentrations of particles -
characteristics, test methods and specifications
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies conditions and criteria for the automated monitoring of the mass concen-
tration of particulate matter in stationary Source gas streams. This includes Performance characteristics and test
procedures.
This International Standard provides the field evaluation test program and its application to automated monitoring
Systems. Its approach is general and not limited to a specific measurement principle or instrument System. The
scope includes System Operation characteristics, calibration, test procedures and data treatment.
This International Standard is applicable only on a site-specific basis by direct correlation with the manual testing
method in ISO 9096. If site conditions Change (i.e. Change in emission controls, Change in fuel type), the calibration
needs to be repeated. The mass concentration range of application is only confined to those automated methods
that tan meet the calibration specifications. Consequently, the actual range will vary according to the measurement
technique of the automated method.
Changes in the physical properties (i.e. size, shape, colour, etc.) and Chemical composition of the particulate matter
may exist, to the extent that the integrity of the calibration cannot be maintained for the measurement System
used. In such instances this technique ceases to be applicable. Reported and suspected limitations of various
measurement methods need to be evaluated on a site-by-site basis.
2 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to
revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possi-
bility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 4225: 1994, Air quality - General aspects - Vocabulary.
Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring
ISO 6879: 1983, Air quality -
methods.
ISO 7504: 1984, Gas analysis - Vocabulary.
ISO 9096: 1992, Stationary Source emissions - Determination of concentration and mass flow rate of particdate
ma teriai in gas-carrying ducts - Manual gravimetric method.
Determination of Performance characteristics of measurement methods.
ISO 9169: 1994, Air quality -

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ISO 10155:1995(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 monitoring
(1) In the w ’d I e sense of the term, repeated measurement to follow changes over a period of time.
(2) In the r t ’ t d sense of the term, regular measurement of pollutant levels in relation to some Standard or
es nc e
in Order to assess the effectiveness of the System of regulation and control. [ISO 42251
32 . analyser: An assembly comprising:
a) lines permitting the introduction and removal of the gas to be analysed and/or of calibration gas;
b) a measuring cell which, from the physical or Chemical properties of the components of the gas to be analysed,
gives Signals allowing their identification or measurement;
c) Signal processing devices (amplification, recording) or, if need be, data processing devices. [ISO 75041
33 . System operating characteristics
3.3.1 response time: Time taken for an instrument to respond to a rapid Change in value of the air quality
characteristic. lt tan be divided into two Parts. [ISO 68791
3.3.1.1 lag time: Time taken to resch 10 % of the total Change in instrument response.
3.3.1.2 rise time (fall time): Time taken to pass from 10 % to 90 % of the total Change in instrument response.
3.3.2 zero instability (drift): Change in instrument reading in response to a zero Sample over a stated period
of unattended Operation. [ISO 68791
3.3.3 span: Differente between the instrument readings for a stated value of air quality characteristic and a zero
Sample. By convention, this value of air quality characteristic is selected to be 95 % of the upper limit of
measurement. [ISO 68791
3.3.4 span instability (drift): Change which takes place in instrument span over a stated period of unattended
Operation. [ISO 68791
34 . System calibration characteristics
3.4.1 calibration function: Instrument reading as a function of some measurable property of the particulate
mass concentration under investigation and represented by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096) with all
the interferents remaining constant.
3.4.2 linear function: A calibration function wherein the instrument reading is linear with respect to the
particulate mass concentration measured by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096).
3.4.3 nonlinear function: A calibration function wherein the instrument reading is not linear with respect to the
particulate mass concentration measured by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096). Nonlinearity may be
expressed by higher Order regression coefficients.
snt 1: The interval vGth lovver and uppee Iimits \within vvhich the mean values of tke re-
gression line lie with a given level of confidence,
2

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I
0 ISO
ISO 10155:1995(E)
4 Measurement System components
The System consists of the total equipment required for the determination of particulate mass concentration in a
Source effluent. Systems shall consist of major components as follows (see also figure DA).
41 . Sampling and analytical components
4.1.1 Sampling components
This is the portion of the System which samples the Source effluent. The sampling is carried out by extractive or
nonextractive (in sitz) means, either on a continuous or noncontinuous basis.
4.1 .l .l Extractive sampling
This requires the transport of a volume of the gas stream outside the Source environment into the instrument
System for subsequent analysis. The interface includes all the elements necessary to extract, transport, and
maintain the particulate mass concentration.
4.1 .1.2 Nonextractive (in sifu) sampling
This does not involve extraction and transport. Sampling consists of defining and limiting the Sample volume to
be analysed, which is usually done by physical methods, such as electromagnetic radiation techniques.
4.1 .1.3 Continuous sampling
This is associated with both extractive and nonextractive sampling techniques and, primarily, with continuous
analysis.
4.1 .1.4 Sequential sampling
This is most often associated with extractive sampling techniques having discrete sampling volumes and sampling
time intervals.
4.1.2 Analyser
This Portion of the monitoring System shall sense the particulate quality characteristic of the gas Sample and
generate a detection Signal output that tan be correlated to mass concentration.
4.2 Data recorder
This Portion of the monitoring System shall process the analyser (4.1.2) output and provide a record of the output
Signal in terms of particulate mass concentration.
5 Installation criteria
5.1 Sampling location
The place at which the Sample is taken for the automated measurement of the mass concentration of particulate
matter emissions in stationary Source gas streams shall be designated as the sampling location. This is the location
where there is no interference between the reference method (ISO 9096) and automated method. This arrange-
ment ensures that both methods are operating on gases with the same characteristics. Openings shall be provided
in the gas flow duct for the sampling probes of the reference measurement method (see ISO 9096) so that ref-
erence measurements tan be made in the Same vicinity as the continuous measurements.
The sampling location may require one of a number of sampling configurations which tan vary in complexity de-
pending upon the design of the measurement System and the spatial and time dependent distribution of the mass
concentration of particulate matter in the Cross-section of the gas stream. The objective ideally shall be to obtain,
3

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0 ISO
ISO 10155:1995(E)
with the simplest configuration, a Sample representative of the Cross-sectional mass concentration of the
particulate matter.
The sampling location shall be defined in Order to minimize spatial and time dependent distribution of the mean
concentration of particulate matter in the Cross-section of the gas stream. The representativeness of the sampling
procedure and location is verified by compliance with the calibration specifications (see 6.5 and 7.3.4).
5.2 Environmental conditions
A number of conditions shall be considered in the installation of emission measurement Systems both with respect
to the sampling environment and the sampling technique. In par-ticular, the following conditions are to be met.
a) Compliance with the operational temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
b) Provision for adequate protection against weather influences.
c) Avoidance of exposure to corrosive and damaging gases on the measurement System.
d) Avoidance of exposure to interfering electric and magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity.
e) Avoidance of locations where Vibration affects the instrument ’s stability.
Working platforms for conducting reference measurements and for checking and maintaining the continuous
measurement Systems shall be required to provide an ongoing and reliable measurement Operation. Access to
these platforms, to the measurement Systems, and to the sampling locations are to be easily and safely achiev-
able.
5.2.1 In-Stack
Nonextractive techniques usually involve electro-optical measurement methods which require that special pre-
cautions be taken against stray light.
5.2.2 Out-of-Stack
Extractive techniques impose a number of precautions. These include the following:
a) keeping sampling trains as short as possible to avoid long response times, Chemical conversions, and
particulate matter entrainment in sampling lines;
b) maintaining isokinetic sampling;
using heated sampling lines to avoid condensation and loss of particulate matter.
c)
6 System Performance specifications
The following specifications shall be met when measurements are made according to clause 7.
6.1 Response time
The response shall be within the manual reference sampling time.
6.2 Zero drift
The zero drift shall be within + 2 % of the full working range when determining System calibration and within a
-
period of one month of unattended Operation.
For automated zero adjustments, the accumulated corrections shall be within 6 % of the working range.
4

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-
I
,
0 ISO ISO 10155:1995(E)
6.3 Span
The span shall be between two and three times the allowed emission concentration.
6.4 Span drift
The span drift shall be within + 2 % of the full working range when determining System calibration and within a
-
period of one month of unattended Operation.
For automated span adjustments, the accumulated corrections shall be within 6 % of the working range.
6.5 Calibration specifications
The following specifications shall be met.
6.5.1 The correlation coefficient shall be 2 0,95.
6.5.2 The confidence interval (95 %) shall be within k IO % of a site emission Standard for a particulate mass
concentration.
6.5.3 The tolerante interval shall have 95 % confidence that 75 % of all possible values are within + 25 y0 of a
-
given emission Standard.
6.5.4 In cases where any of these specifications are not met, the System Performance shall be examined with
regard to the following:
a) testing procedures for the manual reference method;
b) sampling location;
c) sampling strategy;
d) applicability of analytical principle;
e) Change in plant operating conditions;
f) Change in particulate matter composition;
g) number or level of calibration data.
7 Test procedures to validate specifications
7.1 Response time test
7.1 .l For automated monitoring/nonextractive sampling
Perform this test Prior to the installation of the System on the Stack. lt may be performed at the monitoring site.
Set up the measurement System and operate as specified by the manufacturer ’s written instructions for the
monitor path length to be used at the installation. The analyser is spanned as specified in 7.2.1 .l and 7.3.3.
Response test. lnsert a simulated reference particulate mass Standard in the mass monitor five times, and record
the time required for the System to respond to 95 % of the final zero and high-range particulate mass vaiues. (See
Form C-l in annex C.)

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ISO 10155:1995(E) 0 ISO
7.1.2 For automated monitoring/extractive sampling
Perform this test on the installed System to include the impact of the sampling interface and, if applicable, the
sampling time interval on the measurement.
7.2 Zero and span setting in the field
7.2.1 For automated monitoring/nonextractive sampling
Install the automated monitoring System on the facility to be tested and perform the following adjustments and
measurements.
7.2.1 .l Preliminary settings
As soon as possible after installation and as often as the manufacturer recommends, perform zero and span ad-
justments as applicable.
Zero setting. After a clean Stack condition has been determined by a steady, zero particulate mass concentration
condition, perform the zero setting. If clean Stack conditions cannot be achieved for a zero setting, obtain the zer-0
setting by simulating clean Stack conditions.
Span. Span the continuous monitoring System at the particulate mass concentration that is specified.
7.2.1.2 Final settings
After the preliminary settings have been completed and the affected facility has been started and has reached
normal operating temperature, recheck the recommended adjustments.
7.2.1.3 Zero and span drift measurements
At the end of the specified period of Operation, measure the Change between the zero and span settings obtained
at the end of the period and the initial settings. These values are a measure of the zero
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 10155:1996
01-oktober-1996
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY$YWRPDWVNLPRQLWRULQJPDVQHNRQFHQWUDFLMHGHOFHY
'HORYQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHSUHVNXVQHPHWRGHLQVSHFLILNDFLMH
Stationary source emissions - Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles
- Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications
Émissions de sources fixes - Contrôle automatique des concentrations en masse de
particules - Caractéristiques de fonctionnement, modes opératoires d'essai et
spécifications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 10155:1995
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
SIST ISO 10155:1996 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 10155:1996

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 10155:1996
INTERNATIONAL
ISO
STANDARD
10155
First edition
1995-04-01
Stationary Source emissions - Automated
monitoring of mass concentrations of
particles - Performance characteristics,
test methods and specifications
Emissions de sources fixes - Con tr6le automa tique des concen tra tions
en masse de particules - Caractkritisques de fonctionnemen t, modes
op&a toires d ‘essai et spkifica tions
Reference number
ISO 10155:1995(E)

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 10155:1996
PS0 10155:1995(E)
Contents
Page
1
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Measurement System components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.1 Sampling and analytical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 Data recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 Installation criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 3
5.1 Sampling location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.2 Environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 System Performance specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1 Response time . . 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2 Zero drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
6.3 Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................... 5
6.4 Span drift .
5
6.5 Calibration specifications .
5
7 Test procedures to validate specifications . . . . . . .*.*.
5
7.1 Response time test .
7.2 Zero and span setting in the field . 6
7.3 System calibration . . 6
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A Statistical treatment of data
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B Possible sampling configurations
14
C Test data forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D Example of calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 16
0 ISO 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwtse specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, eiectronic or mechanicai, inckrding photocopyrng and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 10155:1996
0 ISO
ISO 10155:1995(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 10155 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary Source
emissions.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B,
C and D are for information only.

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SIST ISO 10155:1996
Chis page intentionaliy left blank

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SIST ISO 10155:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 10155:1995(E)
- Automated monitoring
Stationary Source emissions
Performance
of mass concentrations of particles -
characteristics, test methods and specifications
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies conditions and criteria for the automated monitoring of the mass concen-
tration of particulate matter in stationary Source gas streams. This includes Performance characteristics and test
procedures.
This International Standard provides the field evaluation test program and its application to automated monitoring
Systems. Its approach is general and not limited to a specific measurement principle or instrument System. The
scope includes System Operation characteristics, calibration, test procedures and data treatment.
This International Standard is applicable only on a site-specific basis by direct correlation with the manual testing
method in ISO 9096. If site conditions Change (i.e. Change in emission controls, Change in fuel type), the calibration
needs to be repeated. The mass concentration range of application is only confined to those automated methods
that tan meet the calibration specifications. Consequently, the actual range will vary according to the measurement
technique of the automated method.
Changes in the physical properties (i.e. size, shape, colour, etc.) and Chemical composition of the particulate matter
may exist, to the extent that the integrity of the calibration cannot be maintained for the measurement System
used. In such instances this technique ceases to be applicable. Reported and suspected limitations of various
measurement methods need to be evaluated on a site-by-site basis.
2 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to
revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possi-
bility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 4225: 1994, Air quality - General aspects - Vocabulary.
Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring
ISO 6879: 1983, Air quality -
methods.
ISO 7504: 1984, Gas analysis - Vocabulary.
ISO 9096: 1992, Stationary Source emissions - Determination of concentration and mass flow rate of particdate
ma teriai in gas-carrying ducts - Manual gravimetric method.
Determination of Performance characteristics of measurement methods.
ISO 9169: 1994, Air quality -

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ISO 10155:1996
ISO 10155:1995(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 monitoring
(1) In the w ’d I e sense of the term, repeated measurement to follow changes over a period of time.
(2) In the r t ’ t d sense of the term, regular measurement of pollutant levels in relation to some Standard or
es nc e
in Order to assess the effectiveness of the System of regulation and control. [ISO 42251
32 . analyser: An assembly comprising:
a) lines permitting the introduction and removal of the gas to be analysed and/or of calibration gas;
b) a measuring cell which, from the physical or Chemical properties of the components of the gas to be analysed,
gives Signals allowing their identification or measurement;
c) Signal processing devices (amplification, recording) or, if need be, data processing devices. [ISO 75041
33 . System operating characteristics
3.3.1 response time: Time taken for an instrument to respond to a rapid Change in value of the air quality
characteristic. lt tan be divided into two Parts. [ISO 68791
3.3.1.1 lag time: Time taken to resch 10 % of the total Change in instrument response.
3.3.1.2 rise time (fall time): Time taken to pass from 10 % to 90 % of the total Change in instrument response.
3.3.2 zero instability (drift): Change in instrument reading in response to a zero Sample over a stated period
of unattended Operation. [ISO 68791
3.3.3 span: Differente between the instrument readings for a stated value of air quality characteristic and a zero
Sample. By convention, this value of air quality characteristic is selected to be 95 % of the upper limit of
measurement. [ISO 68791
3.3.4 span instability (drift): Change which takes place in instrument span over a stated period of unattended
Operation. [ISO 68791
34 . System calibration characteristics
3.4.1 calibration function: Instrument reading as a function of some measurable property of the particulate
mass concentration under investigation and represented by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096) with all
the interferents remaining constant.
3.4.2 linear function: A calibration function wherein the instrument reading is linear with respect to the
particulate mass concentration measured by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096).
3.4.3 nonlinear function: A calibration function wherein the instrument reading is not linear with respect to the
particulate mass concentration measured by the reference manual method (see ISO 9096). Nonlinearity may be
expressed by higher Order regression coefficients.
snt 1: The interval vGth lovver and uppee Iimits \within vvhich the mean values of tke re-
gression line lie with a given level of confidence,
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4 Measurement System components
The System consists of the total equipment required for the determination of particulate mass concentration in a
Source effluent. Systems shall consist of major components as follows (see also figure DA).
41 . Sampling and analytical components
4.1.1 Sampling components
This is the portion of the System which samples the Source effluent. The sampling is carried out by extractive or
nonextractive (in sitz) means, either on a continuous or noncontinuous basis.
4.1 .l .l Extractive sampling
This requires the transport of a volume of the gas stream outside the Source environment into the instrument
System for subsequent analysis. The interface includes all the elements necessary to extract, transport, and
maintain the particulate mass concentration.
4.1 .1.2 Nonextractive (in sifu) sampling
This does not involve extraction and transport. Sampling consists of defining and limiting the Sample volume to
be analysed, which is usually done by physical methods, such as electromagnetic radiation techniques.
4.1 .1.3 Continuous sampling
This is associated with both extractive and nonextractive sampling techniques and, primarily, with continuous
analysis.
4.1 .1.4 Sequential sampling
This is most often associated with extractive sampling techniques having discrete sampling volumes and sampling
time intervals.
4.1.2 Analyser
This Portion of the monitoring System shall sense the particulate quality characteristic of the gas Sample and
generate a detection Signal output that tan be correlated to mass concentration.
4.2 Data recorder
This Portion of the monitoring System shall process the analyser (4.1.2) output and provide a record of the output
Signal in terms of particulate mass concentration.
5 Installation criteria
5.1 Sampling location
The place at which the Sample is taken for the automated measurement of the mass concentration of particulate
matter emissions in stationary Source gas streams shall be designated as the sampling location. This is the location
where there is no interference between the reference method (ISO 9096) and automated method. This arrange-
ment ensures that both methods are operating on gases with the same characteristics. Openings shall be provided
in the gas flow duct for the sampling probes of the reference measurement method (see ISO 9096) so that ref-
erence measurements tan be made in the Same vicinity as the continuous measurements.
The sampling location may require one of a number of sampling configurations which tan vary in complexity de-
pending upon the design of the measurement System and the spatial and time dependent distribution of the mass
concentration of particulate matter in the Cross-section of the gas stream. The objective ideally shall be to obtain,
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with the simplest configuration, a Sample representative of the Cross-sectional mass concentration of the
particulate matter.
The sampling location shall be defined in Order to minimize spatial and time dependent distribution of the mean
concentration of particulate matter in the Cross-section of the gas stream. The representativeness of the sampling
procedure and location is verified by compliance with the calibration specifications (see 6.5 and 7.3.4).
5.2 Environmental conditions
A number of conditions shall be considered in the installation of emission measurement Systems both with respect
to the sampling environment and the sampling technique. In par-ticular, the following conditions are to be met.
a) Compliance with the operational temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
b) Provision for adequate protection against weather influences.
c) Avoidance of exposure to corrosive and damaging gases on the measurement System.
d) Avoidance of exposure to interfering electric and magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity.
e) Avoidance of locations where Vibration affects the instrument ’s stability.
Working platforms for conducting reference measurements and for checking and maintaining the continuous
measurement Systems shall be required to provide an ongoing and reliable measurement Operation. Access to
these platforms, to the measurement Systems, and to the sampling locations are to be easily and safely achiev-
able.
5.2.1 In-Stack
Nonextractive techniques usually involve electro-optical measurement methods which require that special pre-
cautions be taken against stray light.
5.2.2 Out-of-Stack
Extractive techniques impose a number of precautions. These include the following:
a) keeping sampling trains as short as possible to avoid long response times, Chemical conversions, and
particulate matter entrainment in sampling lines;
b) maintaining isokinetic sampling;
using heated sampling lines to avoid condensation and loss of particulate matter.
c)
6 System Performance specifications
The following specifications shall be met when measurements are made according to clause 7.
6.1 Response time
The response shall be within the manual reference sampling time.
6.2 Zero drift
The zero drift shall be within + 2 % of the full working range when determining System calibration and within a
-
period of one month of unattended Operation.
For automated zero adjustments, the accumulated corrections shall be within 6 % of the working range.
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6.3 Span
The span shall be between two and three times the allowed emission concentration.
6.4 Span drift
The span drift shall be within + 2 % of the full working range when determining System calibration and within a
-
period of one month of unattended Operation.
For automated span adjustments, the accumulated corrections shall be within 6 % of the working range.
6.5 Calibration specifications
The following specifications shall be met.
6.5.1 The correlation coefficient shall be 2 0,95.
6.5.2 The confidence interval (95 %) shall be within k IO % of a site emission Standard for a particulate mass
concentration.
6.5.3 The tolerante interval shall have 95 % confidence that 75 % of all possible values are within + 25 y0 of a
-
given emission Standard.
6.5.4 In cases where any of these specifications are not met, the System Performance shall be examined with
regard to the following:
a) testing procedures for the manual reference method;
b) sampling location;
c) sampling strategy;
d) applicability of analytical principle;
e) Change in plant operating conditions;
f) Change in particulate matter composition;
g) number or level of calibration data.
7 Test procedures to validate specifications
7.1 Response time test
7.1 .l For automated monitoring/nonextractive sampling
Perform this test Prior to the installation of the System on the Stack. lt may be performed at the monitoring site.
Set up the measurement System and operate as specified by the manufacturer ’s written instructions for the
monitor path length to be used at the installation. The analyser is spanned as specified in 7.2.1 .l and 7.3.3.
Response test. lnsert a simulated reference particulate mass Standard in the mass monitor five times, and record
the time required for the System to respond to 95 % of the final zero and high-range particulate mass vaiues. (See
Form C-l in annex C.)

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7.1.2 For automated monitoring/extractive sampling
Perform this test on the installed System to include the impact of the sampling interface and, if applicable, the
sampling time interval on the measurement.
7.2 Zero and span setting in the field
7.2.1 For automated monitoring/nonextractive sampling
Install the automated monitoring System on the facility to be tested and perform the following adjustments and
measurements.
7.2.1 .l Preliminary settings
As soon as possible after installation and as often as the manufacturer recommends, perform zero and span ad-
justments as applicable.
Zero setting. After a clean Stack condition has been determined by a steady, zero particulate mass concentration
condition, perform the zero setting. If clean Stack conditions cannot be achieved for a zero setting, obtain th
...