SIST IEC 60479-2:2020

Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 2: Special aspects

IEC 60479-2 describes the effects on the human body when a sinusoidal alternating current in the frequency range above 100 Hz passes through it. The effects of current passing through the human body for: - alternating sinusoidal current with DC components, - alternating sinusoidal current with phase control, and - alternating sinusoidal current with multicycle control are given but are only deemed applicable for alternating current frequencies from 15 Hz up to 100 Hz. Means of extending the frequency of applicability of pure sinusoids to a frequency of 150 kHz are given, supplementing the data in IEC 60479-1. Means of examining random complex irregular waveforms are given. This document describes the effects of current passing through the human body in the form of single and multiple successive unidirectional rectangular impulses, sinusoidal impulses and impulses resulting from capacitor discharges. The values specified are deemed to be applicable for impulse durations from 0,1 ms up to and including 10 ms. This document only considers conducted current resulting from the direct application of a source of current to the body, as does IEC 60479-1. It does not consider current induced within the body caused by its exposure to an external electromagnetic field. This basic safety publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. It is not intended for use by manufacturers or certification bodies. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.

Vplivi električnega toka na ljudi in živali – 2. del: Posebnosti

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-May-2020
• ICS: 13.200 - Accident and disaster control
• ICS: 29.020 - Electrical engineering in general
• Technical Committee: ELI - Electrical and communication installations
• Current Stage: 6300 - Translation of adopted SIST international/foreign standards (Local Project)
• Start Date: 12-Jan-2021
• Due Date: 17-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 12-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2020
Vplivi električnega toka na ljudi in živali – 2. del: Posebnosti
Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 2: Special aspects
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:
ICS:
13.200 Preprečevanje nesreč in Accident and disaster control
katastrof
29.020 Elektrotehnika na splošno Electrical engineering in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

IEC 60479-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
Effects of current on human beings and livestock –

Part 2: Special aspects
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.200; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-6689-2

– 2 – IEC 60479-2:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Effects of alternating currents with frequencies above 100 Hz . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 100 Hz up to and
including 1 000 Hz . 12
4.2.1 Threshold of perception . 12
4.2.2 Threshold of let-go . 12
4.2.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 13
4.3 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 1 000 Hz up to
and including 10 000 Hz . 14
4.3.1 Threshold of perception . 14
4.3.2 Threshold of let-go . 14
4.3.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 15
4.4 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 10 000 Hz . 15
4.4.1 General . 15
4.4.2 Threshold of perception . 15
4.4.3 Threshold of let-go . 15
4.4.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 15
4.4.5 Other effects . 16
5 Effects of special waveforms of current . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Equivalent magnitude, frequency and threshold . 16
5.3 Effects of alternating current with DC components . 17
5.3.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds . 17
5.3.2 Threshold of startle reaction . 18
5.3.3 Threshold of let-go . 19
5.3.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 20
6 Effects of alternating current with phase control . 24
6.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds . 24
6.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go . 25
6.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 25
6.3.1 General . 25
6.3.2 Symmetrical control . 26
6.3.3 Asymmetrical control . 26
7 Effects of alternating current with multicyle control . 26
7.1 Waveforms and frequencies . 26
7.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go . 27
7.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 27
7.3.1 General . 27
7.3.2 Shock durations longer than 1,5 times the period of the cardiac cycle . 28
7.3.3 Shock durations less than 0,75 times the period of the cardiac cycle . 28

IEC 60479-2:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
8 Estimation of the equivalent current threshold for mixed frequencies . 28
8.1 Threshold of perception and let-go . 28
8.2 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 29
9 Effects of current pulse bursts and random complex irregular waveforms . 29
9.1 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by
300 ms or more . 29
9.2 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by
than 300 ms . 29
less
9.2.1 General . 29
9.2.2 Examples. 30
9.2.3 Random complex irregular waveforms . 32
10 Effects of electric current through the immersed human body . 34
10.1 General . 34
10.2 Resistivity of water solutions and of the human body . 34
10.3 Conducted current through immersed body . 36
10.4 Physiological effects of current through the immersed body . 37
10.5 Threshold values of current . 38
10.6 Intrinsically “safe” voltage values . 38
11 Effects of unidirectional single impulse currents of short duration . 38
11.1 General . 38
11.2 Effects of unidirectional impulse currents of short duration . 39
11.2.1 Waveforms . 39
11.2.2 Determination of specific fibrillating energy F . 40
e
11.3 Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for capacitor discharge . 41
11.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation . 43
11.4.1 General . 43
11.4.2 Examples. 44
Annex A (informative) Random complex irregular waveform analysis . 47
A.1 General . 47
A.2 Formal theoretical statement of the method . 47
A.3 Demonstration of the calculation . 48
A.3.1 General . 48
A.3.2 Choice of justified current . 50
A.3.3 Choice of sampling step size . 50
A.4 Examples 1 and 2 . 51
Bibliography . 54

Figure 1 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range
50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz . 12
Figure 2 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to
1 000 Hz . 13
Figure 3 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation within the frequency
range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz, shock durations longer than one heart period and
longitudinal current paths through the trunk of the body . 13
Figure 4 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range

1 000 Hz to 10 000 Hz . 14
Figure 5 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 1 000 Hz to
10 000 Hz . 14

– 4 – IEC 60479-2:2019 © IEC 2019
Figure 6 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation for continuous sinusoidal
current (1 000 Hz to 150 kHz) . 16
Figure 7 – Waveforms of currents . 18
Figure 8 – Let-go thresholds for men, women and children . 19
Figure 9 – 99,5-percentile let-go threshold for combinations of 50/60 Hz sinusoidal

alternating current and direct current . 20
Figure 10 – Composite alternating and direct current with equivalent likelihood of
ventricular fibrillation. 22
Figure 11 – Waveforms of rectified alternating currents . 23
Figure 12 – Waveforms of alternating currents with phase control . 25
Figure 13 – Waveforms of alternating currents calculated with multicycle control factor . 27
Figure 14 – Threshold of ventricular fibrillation (average value) for alternating current
with multicycle control for various degrees of controls (results of experiments with

young pigs) . 28
Figure 15 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current . 31
Figure 16 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current . 31
Figure 17 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current . 32
Figure 18 – Example of current versus elapsed time over a contaminated insulator . 33
Figure 19 – PC plotted on the AC time current curves (IEC 60479-1:2018, Figure 20). 34
Figure 20 – Forms of current for rectangular impulses, sinusoidal impulses and for
capacitor discharges . 40
Figure 21 – Rectangular impulse, sinusoidal impulse and capacitor discharge having
the same specific fibrillating energy and the same shock duration. 41
Figure 22 – Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for the current resulting
from the discharge of a capacitor (dry hands, large contact area) . 42
Figure 23 – Probability of fibrillation risks for current flowing in the path left hand to
feet .
...

SL O V EN S K I SIST IEC 60479-2

S T ANDAR D    junij 2020
Vplivi električnega toka na ljudi in živali – 2. del: Posebnosti

Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 2: Special aspects

Referenčna oznaka
ICS 13.200; 29.020 SIST IEC 60479-2:2020 (sl)

Nadaljevanje na straneh 2 do 53

© 2023-10. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno.

SIST IEC 60479-2 : 2020
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST IEC 60479-2 (sl), Vplivi električnega toka na ljudi in živali – 2. del: Posebnosti, 2020, ima
status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten mednarodnemu standardu IEC 60479-2 (en), Effects of
current on human beings and livestock – Part 2: Special aspects, 2019.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Mednarodni standard IEC 60479-2:2019 je pripravil tehnični odbor IEC/TC 64 Električne inštalacije in
zaščita pred električnim šokom.

Slovenski standard SIST IEC 60479-2:2020 je prevod mednarodnega standarda IEC 60479-2:2019. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni mednarodni
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je potrdil tehnični odbor SIST/TC ELI
Nizkonapetostne in komunikacijske električne inštalacije.

Odločitev za privzem tega standarda je junija 2020 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC ELI Nizkonapetostne
in komunikacijske električne inštalacije.

ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI

S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:

SIST IEC 60479-1:2020 Vplivi električnega toka na ljudi in živali – 1. del: Splošno

SIST EN 60990 Metode merjenja toka dotika in toka v zaščitnem vodniku

OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda IEC 60479-2:2019

OPOMBI
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “mednarodni standard”, v SIST IEC 60479-
2:2020 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.

– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavna dela standarda.

SIST IEC 60479-2 : 2020
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 6
Uvod . 8
1 Področje uporabe . 9
2 Zveze s standardi . 9
3 Izrazi in definicije .10
4 Učinki izmeničnih tokov s frekvencami nad 100 Hz .12
4.1 Splošno .12
4.2 Učinki izmeničnega toka v frekvenčnem območju nad 100 Hz in do vključno 1 000 Hz .12
4.2.1 Prag zaznavanja .12
4.2.2 Prag sprostitve .13
4.2.3 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .14
4.3 Učinki izmeničnega toka v frekvenčnem območju nad 1 000 Hz in do vključno 10 000 Hz .14
4.3.1 Prag zaznavanja .14
4.3.2 Prag sprostitve .15
4.3.3 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .16
4.4 Učinki izmeničnega toka v frekvenčnem območju nad 10 000 Hz .16
4.4.1 Splošno .16
4.4.2 Prag zaznavanja .16
4.4.3 Prag sprostitve .16
4.4.4 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .16
4.4.5 Drugi učinki .17
5 Učinki posebnih valovnih oblik toka .17
5.1 Splošno .17
5.2 Enakovrednost velikosti, frekvence in praga .17
5.3 Učinki izmeničnega toka z enosmernimi komponentami .18
5.3.1 Valovne oblike in frekvence ter tokovni pragi .18
5.3.2 Prag odziva na strah.19
5.3.3 Prag sprostitve .19
5.3.4 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .20
6 Učinki izmeničnega toka s faznim krmiljenjem .23
6.1 Valovne oblike in frekvence ter tokovni pragi .23
6.2 Prag odziva na strah in prag sprostitve .24
6.3 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .25
6.3.1 Splošno .25
6.3.2 Simetrično krmiljenje .25
6.3.3 Nesimetrično krmiljenje .25
7 Učinki izmeničnega toka z večperiodnim krmiljenjem .26
7.1 Valovne oblike in frekvence .26
7.2 Prag odziva na strah in prag sprostitve .26
7.3 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .26
SIST IEC 60479-2 : 2020
7.3.1 Splošno .26
7.3.2 Trajanja udara, daljša od 1,5-kratne periode srčnega cikla .27
7.3.3 Trajanja udara, krajša od 0,75-kratne periode srčnega cikla .27
8 Ocena enakovrednosti tokovnega praga za mešane frekvence .27
8.1 Prag zaznavanja in sprostitve .27
8.2 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .28
9 Učinki rafalov udarov toka in naključnih zapletenih nepravilnih valovnih oblik .28
9.1 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije pri večkratnih udarih toka, medsebojno ločenih za 300 ms
ali več .28
9.2 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije pri večkratnih udarih toka, medsebojno ločenih za manj
kot 300 ms .28
9.2.1 Splošno .28
9.2.2 Primeri .29
9.2.3 Naključne zapletene nepravilne valovne oblike .31
10 Učinki električnega toka skozi potopljeno človeško telo .33
10.1 Splošno .33
10.2 Specifična upornost vodnih raztopin in človeškega telesa .33
10.3 Prevajani tok skozi potopljeno telo .35
10.4 Fiziološki učinki toka skozi potopljeno telo .35
10.5 Vrednosti tokovnih pragov .36
10.6 "Lastnovarne" vrednosti napetosti .36
11 Učinki kratkotrajnih posameznih udarov enosmernega toka .37
11.1 Splošno .37
11.2 Učinki kratkotrajnih udarov enosmernega toka .37
11.2.1 Valovne oblike .37
11.2.2 Ugotavljanje specifične fibrilacijske energije F .38
e
11.3 Prag zaznavanja in prag bolečine za praznjenje kondenzatorja .39
11.4 Prag ventrikularne fibrilacije .41
11.4.1 Splošno .41
11.4.2 Primeri .42
Dodatek A (informativni): Analiza naključne zapletene nepravilne valovne oblike .44
A.1 Splošno .44
A.2 Formalna teoretična izjava metode .44
A.3 Prikaz izračuna .45
A.3.1 Splošno .45
A.3.2 Izbira nastavljenega toka .47
A.3.3 Izbira velikosti koraka vzorčenja .47
A.4 Primera 1 in 2 .48
Literatura.51
Slika 1: Spreminjanje praga zaznavanja v frekvenčnem območju 50/60 Hz do 1 000 Hz .13
Slika 2: Spreminjanje praga sprostitve v frekvenčnem območju 50/60 Hz do 1 000 Hz .13
SIST IEC 60479-2 : 2020
Slika 3: Spreminjanje praga ventrikularne fibrilacije v frekvenčnem območju 50/60 Hz do 1 000 Hz
pri trajanju udarov, daljšem od enega srčnega cikla, in vzdolžnih poti toka skozi trup telesa .14
Slika 4: Spreminjanje praga zaznavanja v frekvenčnem območju 1 000 Hz do 10 000 Hz .15
Slika 5: Spreminjanje praga sprostitve v frekvenčnem območju 1 000 Hz do 10 000 Hz .15
Slika 6: Spreminjanje praga ventrikularne fibrilacije pri stalnem sinusnem toku
(1 000 Hz do 150 kHz) .16
Slika 7: Valovne oblike tokov .18
Slika 8: Pragi sprostitve za moške, ženske in otroke .19
Slika 9: 99,5-odstotni prag sprostitve za kombi
...