SIST EN 13135-2:2005
(Main)Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
This document specifies requirements for design and selection of non-electrotechnical equipment for all types of crane with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their lives and health and of ensuring reliability of function. The fixed load lifting attachments are integral part of the crane and therefore belong also to the scope of this standard.
Non-electrotechnical equipment comprises:
- Structure and structural equipment;
- driving mechanisms;
- rope and chain drives;
- fixed load lifting attachments;
- safety devices;
- fluid power systems.
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in clause 4.
Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed for complete crane in safety standard specific to each type of crane.
The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard. Particular requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal.
This standard does not give the additional requirements for:
- equipment requiring a high level of cleanliness for hygiene reasons, e.g. in direct contact with foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals;
- equipment operating in clean rooms with a dust controlled environment, (e.g. satellite assembling room, electronic industry, food processing, pharmaceuticals processing);
- hazards resulting from handling explosives and radiating material;
- hazards caused by operation subject to special regulations (e.g. explosive atmospheres);
- the risk related to lifting of persons.
This document is applicable to non-electrotechnical equipment which is manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard.
Krane -Ausrüstungen - Teil 2: Nicht-elektrotechnische Ausrüstungen
Diese Europäische Norm spezifiziert Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Auswahl nicht-elektrotechnischer Ausrüstungen für alle Typen von Kranen mit dem Ziel, die Zuverlässigkeit ihrer Funktion zu garantieren und Personal vor Gefährdungen für Leben und Gesundheit zu schützen. Die Lastaufnahmemittel fallen ebenfalls in den Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm. Die in dieser Norm festgelegten Anforderungen beziehen sich nur auf den "Kran". Sie gelten jedoch auch für die Lastaufnahmemittel, sofern anwendbar.
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Équipements - Partie 2: Équipements non électrotechniques
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions relatives a la conception et a la sélection des équipements non électrotechniques pour tous les types d'appareils de levage a charge suspendue, dans le but de s'assurer de la fiabilité des fonctions et de protéger le personnel vis-a-vis des phénomenes dangereux qui pourraient en affecter leur santé et leur sécurité. Les équipements fixes de prise de charge font partie intégrante de l'appareil de levage a charge suspendue et font ainsi également partie du domaine d'application de la présente norme.
Un équipement non électrotechnique comprend :
- une structure et un équipement structurel ;
- des mécanismes d'entraînement ;
- des entraînements par câble et par chaîne ;
- des équipements fixes de prise de charge ;
- des dispositifs de sécurité ;
3 des systemes de transmission hydraulique ou pneumatique.
Les phénomenes dangereux significatifs couverts par la présente Norme européenne sont identifiés a l'Article 4.
Les risques liés au bruit ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme. Ils sont traités pour un appareil de levage a charge suspendue complet dans une norme de sécurité spécifique a chaque appareil de levage a charge suspendue.
Les principes a suivre pour des appareils de levage a charge suspendue transportant des charges dangereuses sont donnés dans la présente norme. Des prescriptions particulieres sont indiquées pour les appareils de levage a charge suspendue transportant du métal en fusion.
La présente norme ne fournit par les prescriptions supplémentaires pour :
3 les équipements nécessitant un haut niveau de propreté pour des raisons d'hygiene, par exemple les équipements en contact direct avec les denrées alimentaires ou les produits pharmaceutiques ;
3 les équipements fonctionnant dans des salles blanches sous un environnement au taux de poussiere contrôlé (par exemple salle d'assemblage de satellite, industrie électronique, agroalimentaire, traitement de produits pharmaceutiques) ;
3
Dvigala – Oprema – 2. del: Neelektrotehnična oprema
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13135-2:2005
01-januar-2005
'YLJDOD±2SUHPD±GHO1HHOHNWURWHKQLþQDRSUHPD
Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
Krane -Ausrüstungen - Teil 2: Nicht-elektrotechnische Ausrüstungen
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Équipements - Partie 2: Équipements non
électrotechniques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13135-2:2004
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
SIST EN 13135-2:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13135-2:2005
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SIST EN 13135-2:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13135-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2004
ICS 53.020.20
English version
Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Équipements - Krane -Ausrüstungen - Teil 2: Nicht-elektrotechnische
Partie 2: Équipements non électrotechniques Ausrüstungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 July 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13135-2:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13135-2:2005
EN 13135-2:2004 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 List of significant hazards .12
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.14
5.1 General.14
5.2 Structure and structural equipment.14
5.2.1 Structures .14
5.2.2 Structural equipment.15
5.3 Driving mechanisms.16
5.3.1 General.16
5.3.2 Clutches and couplings .17
5.3.3 Service brake.17
5.3.4 Gear drives .19
5.3.5 Wheels .19
5.3.6 Switching from manual drive to power drive.19
5.4 Rope and chain drives .20
5.4.1 Rope drives .20
5.4.2 Chain drives .24
5.5 Fixed load lifting attachments.25
5.5.1 General.25
5.5.2 Hooks .25
5.5.3 Gripping devices based on adhesion.26
5.5.4 Clamps, tongs, grapplers.26
5.5.5 Traverses .26
5.5.6 Lifting forks and C-hooks .26
5.6 Safety devices.26
5.6.1 Safety device against load drop during disconnection of drive torque.26
5.6.2 Safety device to prevent overrunning of the end positions.27
5.6.3 Derailment safety device.27
5.6.4 Tipping safety device .28
5.6.5 Means for securing the crane against wind effects .28
5.6.6 Anti-collision device.29
5.7 Fluid power systems .29
5.7.1 Controls and control devices of fluid power systems.29
5.7.2 Protective measures.29
5.7.3 Overload testing.30
5.7.4 Hydraulic equipment .30
5.7.5 Pneumatic equipment .32
5.8 Corrosion protection .33
5.9 Protection against weakening of material.33
5.10 Temperature .34
5.10.1 Selection of materials considering ambient temperature .34
5.10.2 Protection against hot parts due to operation.34
5.10.3 Protection against hot parts due to ambient conditions.34
5.11 Measures to decrease the consequences of loss of drive power .34
2
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5.12 Hoist mechanisms in conditions of increased severity of possible harm . 35
5.12.1 Basic level of acceptable risks . 35
5.12.2 Increased severity of possible harm . 35
5.12.3 Measures to decrease the probability of occurrence of harm. 35
5.13 Additional requirements for the transportation of hot molten metals. 37
5.13.1 Decreasing the risk of dropping of load with high thermal energy . 37
5.13.2 Protection against thermal radiation and ejection of hot particles. 39
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 40
7 Information for use. 44
7.1 General . 44
7.2 Special requirements . 45
7.3 Maintenance instructions in the case of increased severity of possible harms . 45
7.4 Marking. 46
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application. 47
Annex B (normative) Cross list of vocabulary . 48
Annex C (informative) National systems of standards for hooks and brakes. 49
C.1 Hooks. 49
C.2 Brakes. 49
Annex D (informative) Design of rail wheel flanges . 50
Annex E (normative) Gripping devices based on adhesion . 52
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC . 53
3
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SIST EN 13135-2:2005
EN 13135-2:2004 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13135-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by April 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
This standard is one part of EN 13135 The other part is:
Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment - Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see informative annex A.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
4
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EN 13135-2:2004 (E)
Introduction
This document is a harmonised standard to provide one means for non-electrotechnical equipment for cranes to
conform with the relevant Essential Health and Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that
have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
5
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EN 13135-2:2004 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for design and selection of non-electrotechnical equipment for all types of
crane with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their lives and health and of ensuring
reliability of function. The fixed load lifting attachments are integral part of the crane and therefore belong also to
the scope of this standard.
Non-electrotechnical equipment comprises:
Structure and structural equipment;
driving mechanisms;
rope and chain drives;
fixed load lifting attachments;
safety devices;
fluid power systems.
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in clause 4.
Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed in safety standards specific to each
type of crane.
The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard. Particular
requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal.
This standard does not give the additional requirements for:
equipment requiring a high level of cleanliness for hygiene reasons, e.g. in direct contact with
foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals;
equipment operating in clean rooms with a dust controlled environment, (e.g. satellite assembling room,
electronic industry, food processing, pharmaceuticals processing);
hazards resulting from handling explosives and radiating material;
hazards caused by operation subject to special regulations (e.g. explosive atmospheres);
the risk related to lifting of persons.
This document is applicable to non-electrotechnical equipment which is manufactured after the date of approval
by CEN of this standard.
6
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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
EN 418, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects - Principles for design.
EN 563, Safety of machinery - Temperatures of touchable surfaces - Ergonomics data to establish temperature
limit values for hot surfaces.
EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 1: General conditions of acceptance.
EN 818-7:2002, Short-link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T (Types
T, DAT and DT).
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components -
Hydraulics.
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components -
Pneumatics.
EN 1037, Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up.
EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment.
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery - Terminology.
EN 12644-1, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 1: Instructions.
EN 13001-1:2004, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements.
EN 13001-2:2004, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load effects.
CEN/TS 13001-3-1, Cranes - General design - Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures.
EN 13202:2000, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces – Guidance
for establishing surface temperature limit values in production standards with the aid of EN 563.
EN 13135-1:2003, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment - Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment.
EN 13155:2003, Cranes - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments.
EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings.
EN 13411-3:, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing.
EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 4: Metal and resin socketing.
EN 13411-6:, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket.
prEN 13411-7, Terminations for steel wire rope - Safety - Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket.
EN 13557 Cranes - Controls and control stations.
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
7
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EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes – Minimum requirements.
ISO 4306-1:1990, Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General.
ISO 4308-1:2003, Cranes and lifting appliances - Selection of wire ropes - Part 1: General.
ISO 4347, Leaf chains, clevises and sheaves.- Dimensions, measuring forces and tensile strengths
ISO 5598:1985, Fluid power systems and components - Vocabulary.
ISO/DIS 12488-1, Cranes - Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks - Part 1: General.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in EN 1070:1998, EN 982:1996, EN 983:1996,
ISO 5598:1985 and ISO 4306-1:1990 and the following apply.
3.1
backup brake
additional brake to the service brake that is able to stop and hold the load
NOTE 1 A backup brake can have less lifetime than the service brake.
NOTE 2 Such a brake is also known as emergency brake or safety brake.
3.2
chain drive
device for supporting and moving loads via chain and wheel arrangements, comprising all the attachments and
parts which transmit the force to the driving mechanism, for example, chain drive wheels, chains, chain
reversing wheels, chain terminations and chain guides
3.3
clamp
load handling device which generates the load holding forces by means of compression and friction
3.4
compensating lever
beam to equalise forces in the ends of two ropes. The amount of compensation is limited by the permitted
movement of the sheave
3.5
compensating sheave
sheave which performs the compensating lever function in a single rope system. The amount of compensation
is not limited by the movement of the sheave
3.6
crane
machine for cyclic lifting or cyclic lifting and handling of loads suspended on hooks or other load handling
devices, whether manufactured to an individual design, in series production, or from prefabricated components
NOTE "Suspension" may include additional means to prevent swinging/rotation of the load.
3.7
driving mechanism
complete mechanism for each crane movement such as lifting, travelling, rotating, telescoping
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3.8
fixed load-lifting attachment
equipment, being part of the crane, from which the load or the non-fixed load lifting attachment is supported and
which is permanently fastened to the hoist medium(s) (e.g. rope, chain) such as hooks, fixed build-in grabs,
traverses, tongs
3.9
grappler
load handling device for gripping pipes
3.10
load closing clamp or tong
clamp or tong in which the clamping force is produced by the working load
3.11
load handling magnet
load handling device in which the adhesive forces are generated magnetically
3.12
load hook
device attached to chain, rope, pulley block or lifting attachment from which the load, load handling devices or
slings can be suspended
3.13
maximum static force/torque
force/torque created at a particular point of the force flow due to gravity applied to the mechanism, tanking into
account:
the gross load;
the given operating conditions e.g. configuration, position of the load;
reeving;
unfavourable effect of the efficiency coefficient of the reeving system
3.14
multi-plate hook
load hook consisting of several plates principally used for transporting hot molten masses
3.15
rated capacity for crane
load that the crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition e.g. configuration, position of the load
3.16
rated capacity for lifting attachment
load that the lifting attachment is designated to lift
3.17
rated load
force vector provided by gravity applied to the mass equal to the rated capacity
3.18
redundancy
multiple arrangement of components and/or sub-assemblies arranged so that if one of the components or sub-
assemblies fails, the function remains unaltered
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3.19
rope drive
device for supporting and moving loads via rope and sheave arrangements, comprising all the attachments and
parts which transmit the force to the driving mechanism, for example, rope drums, wire ropes, sheaves,
compensating sheaves, rope terminations and rope guides
3.20
rope anchorage
arrangement comprising the parts between the rope termination and the major load bearing structure, e.g. pins,
bolts, compensating levers, tension rods
3.21
rope sheave
wheel which supports the rope and can change the direction of the rope without change of the rope force,
except minor losses due to the efficiency of the rope sheave system
3.22
rope termination
equipment to connect the end of the rope to a rope anchorage
3.23
single-plate hook
load hook consisting of one segment
3.24
slipping limit force
passive tangential limit force available to resist slipping at the contact surface between two objects compressed
together; magnitude is the compressive force between two objects multiplied by the minimum expected friction
coefficient
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3.25
structure (of the crane)
all load bearing components necessary to support the mechanical and electrical components and the handled
load
NOTE The main structure components comprise for example:
structure of the bridge girders;
structure of the end truck;
structure of the trolleys;
structure of the base frames of the mobile cranes;
structure of the jib(s);
structure of the gantry crane rotating platforms;
structure of the floating cranes floating bodies;
devices to prevent derailment;
guy ropes;
structures for cables dragging or contact conductor installations
3.26
tear-off force
minimum force, perpendicular to the gripping surface, which disconnects the load from the gripping device
based on adhesion
3.27
tong
load handling device that provides clamping forces, a positive fit, or friction plus positive fit between two jaws
3.28
traffic zone
area which is accessible to persons without:
opening a guard;
activating a trip device;
using additional means
3.29
vacuum lifter
load handling device in which the adhesive forces are generated pneumatically
3.30
working zone
area where persons work at or operate under operational conditions
NOTE This does not include inspection, maintenance or cleaning activities.
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4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 shows a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the corresponding relevant clauses in this
standard that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
Table 1 — List of hazards
N° in Table Hazards (as listed in EN 1050:1996) Relevant clause(s) in this standard
A.1 of
EN
1050:1996
1 Mechanical hazards 5.3.1; 5.3.3; 5.4.2.2
Generated by machine parts or workpieces caused,
for example, by:
1.b) relative location 5.2.2.1; 5.6.6
1.c) mass and stability (potential energy of elements 5.2.2.1; 5.7.4.3
which may move under the effect of gravity)
1.d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in 5.2.2.1; 5.6.2; 5.6.6; 5.7.4.3
controlled or uncontrolled motion)
1.e) inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2.1; 5.5.1; 5.13.2.2
Accumulation of energy inside the machinery
caused, for example, by:
1.g) liquids and gases under pressure 5.7.2.2, 5.7.2.3; 5.7.4.3; 5.7.4.4; 5.7.4.5
1.5 Drawing–in or trapping hazard 5.4.1.4; 5.4.2.3
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.5.1; 5.7.4.3
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the 5.9; 5.13.2.4; 5.13.2.1
projection of molten particles and chemical effects
from short circuits, overloads, etc.
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in: 5.3.1; 5.13.2.1; 5.13.2.4
3.1 Burns and scalds by a possible contact of persons, 5.7.4.5; 5.10.2
by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of
heat sources
3.2 Health damaging affects by hot or cold work 5.7.4.4; 5.7.5.5; 5.10.2
environment
5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly when combined 5.2.1; 5.3.1; 5.7.4.4
with poor postures
6 Hazards generated by radiation
6.2 Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light 5.9; 5.13.2
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances 5.7.4; 5.7.4.2; 5.7.5; 5.13
processed, used by the machinery and by its
constituent materials
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful 5.7.4.2
fluids, gases, mists, fumes, and dusts
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.7.4.5.2; 5.7.4.5.3
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles in machinery design as - e.g. - hazards
from:
8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.6.2; 5.6.5.2
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/
overspeed (or any similar malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure / disorder of the control system 5.3.2; 5.3.3; 5.5.1; 5.7.1; 5.7.4.2
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.3.3; 5.7.1
10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) 5.2.1; 5.6.5.1; 5.6.5.2; 5.6.5.3; 5.7.2.2;
5.7.4.4; 5.7.4.5; 5.8; 5.9
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N° in Table Hazards (as listed in EN 1050:1996) Relevant clause(s) in this standard
A.1 of
EN
1050:1996
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of 5.3.3; 5.7.1
machinery with human characteristics and abilities,
see 8.6)
13 Failure of the power supply
5.3.3; 5.5.3.3; 5.7.1; 5.7.2.1; 5.7.2.2;
5.7.4.3; 5.7.5; 5.7.5.2; 5.7.5.6; 5.12
14 Failure of the control circuit 5.7.1
15 Errors of fitting 5.2.2.3
16 Break-up during operation 5.3.1; 5.
...
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