CEN/TC 249/SC 5 - Welding of thermoplastics materials

This European Standarddocument specifies methods for the manual ultrasonic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials. It applies to joints in single wall pipes and plates. The range of thicknesses covered is from 10 mm to 100 mm.
This standard document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications.

This European Standard specifies general performance requirements of the machines and equipment for welding by hot gas of semi-finished products made from thermoplastics, including hot gas extrusion welding.

This European Standard describes a method for the determination of the total cadmium (Cd) content in plastics in the range of 10 mg Cd/kg to 3.000 mg Cd/kg. It is not suitable for polyfluorated plastic materials.

This standard specifies the cutting and preparation of test specimens and the conditions for performing the macroscopic examination of the test specimens. The test is applicable to welded assemblies made from thermoplastics materials filled or unfilled, using the
following processes : - hot gas welding : round nozzle, high speed nozzle, wedge ; - extrusion welding ; - heated tool welding : butt, saddle, socket, wedge ; - electrofusion welding : socket, saddle.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling and the preparation of the test specimens, also the conditions for performing the low temperature tensile test perpendicular to the weld in order to determine the low temperature tensile welding factor.  A low temperature tensile test may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile creep, macro, ...) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.  The low temperature tensile welding factor and the appearance of the fracture surface provide a guide regarding the ductility of the joint and the quality of the work.

Welding fillers are frequently used to join plastic components by hot gaswelding. The service ability of the finished part depends largely on the suitability of the welding fillers.

This standard specifies the dimensions and the method for sampling and preparing test specimens, together with the conditions for carrying out the bend test. The result of the test is also influenced by the deformation behaviour of the tested material, the kind of welding process and the geometry of the sample. The test is applicable to plate and tube butt jointed assemblies made from thermoplastic materials filled or unfilled, but not reinforced, irrespective of the welding process used. It is not applicable to assemblies with a wall thickness < 3 mm.

This standard specifies a methodology for determination of the characteristic values necessary for the design of welded constructions for example vessels and tanks, ventilation ducting, containers and apparatus. It is assumed that due regard is paid to the standards and Codes of Practice listed in clause 2 as far as the choice of materials and their processing are concerned. The data is applicable for static loading. The relevant EN-Standards or ISO-Standards are applicable to the design calculations, dimensions, construction and testing of the various structures.

This European Standard specifies the main performance requirements of the machines and equipment for welding by heated element of semi-finished products made from thermoplastics.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling, the preparation of the test specimens and the conditions for performing the tensile test with waisted test specimens in order to determine the tensile energy welding factor. A tensile test with waisted specimens may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile, tensile creep, macro...) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.

This European Standard provides the requirements for the tests made on welded thermoplastics semi-finished products.
The selection of the appropriate test method(s) should be made in accordance with the particular type and application of welded product.
The test results depend on the conditions of manufacture for the test specimen and on the test conditions. They can therefore only be related to the behaviour of the product or can only be used for designing a structure, if the test conditions can be related to the service conditions.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling, the preparation of the test specimens and the conditions for performing the tensile test in order to determine the short term tensile welding factor. A tensile test may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile creep, macro...) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.  The test is applicable to co-axial or co-planar welded assemblies made from thermoplastics materials filled or unfilled, but not reinforced, irrespective of the welding process used.

This document specifies fundamental radiographic techniques which enable repeatable results to be obtained economically.
This document applies to the X-ray radiographic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials.
It applies to joints in single wall pipes and plates with a range of thicknesses from 5 mm to 100 mm. It only applies to pipes containing air or other gases at the time of X-ray testing.
This document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications.

This document specifies a classification and a description of imperfections likely to be encountered in thermoplastic welded joints.
This document applies to the following welding processes:
-   heated tool welding;
-   electrofusion welding;
-   hot gas welding;
-   extrusion welding.
This document applies to the following group of materials:
-   PVC-C;
-   PVC-U including PVC-NI, PVC-RI, PVC-HI;
-   PP including PP-B, PP-H, PP-R;
-   PE;
-   PVDF;
-   ECTFE;
-   FEP;
-   PFA.
This document is not concerned with the search for the possible influence of these defects on the behaviour of joints in relation to the different types of stress to which the latter may be subjected or on method for preventing such defects.
It cannot therefore be used for the acceptance of welds which is defined in quality level standards (see [1]).
Only defects giving rise to discontinuities of materials or changes in shape are taken into consideration in this document, specifying their type, their shape and their positions, without however always indicating their origin or their causes.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling, the preparation of the test specimens, and also the conditions for performing the peel test perpendicular to the weld in order to determine the peel resistance and the failure behaviour.
A peel test may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. tensile creep, macro...) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.
Peel tests are applicable to overlap welded assemblies made from thermoplastics materials, irrespective of the welding process used.

This European standard covers the visual examination of welds in thermoplastic materials.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling and the preparation of the test specimens, and the conditions for performing the tensile creep t est perpendicular to the weld in order to determine the long term tensile welding factor. A tensile creep test may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g.  bend test, tensile test, macrographic examination...)to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.

This standard specifies the method of testing the knowledge and skill of a welder who is required to carry out welds on thermoplastics in new constructions and repair work.  The skill examination of a welder is an essential condition for the assurance of the quality of the welding work. The application of this standard guarantees that the examination is carried out according to a uniform test procedure. Testing of a welder duly passed in accordance with this standard ensures that the welder concerned has demonstrated the minimum skill and knowledge demanded by techniques required.