CEN/TC 215/WG 2 - Lung ventilators

This document specifies tests for the emissions of volatile organic substances from the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The tests of this document are intended to quantify emissions of volatile organic substances that are added to the respirable gas stream by the materials of the gas pathway. This document establishes acceptance criteria for these tests.
NOTE            Gaseous emission of volatile organic substances includes emissions of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds.
This document addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways of medical devices or accessories, which is then conducted to the patient.
This document applies over the expected lifetime of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing.
This document does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that are in direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, medical respiratory personal protective equipment, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
This document does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE            Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 series.
This document is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 18562-1.

This document specifies tests for substances leached by liquid water condensing in gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The chemical characterization methods described in this document apply to chemical substances that could leach from the medical device, its parts or accessories into the condensate. This document establishes verifiable acceptance criteria for these tests. The identity and quantity of each chemical released is intended for toxicological risk assessment as described in ISO 18562-1:2024.
This document addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways, which deliver breathing gas to the patient.
This document applies over the expected lifetime of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing.
This document does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that have direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, medical respiratory personal protective equipment, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
This document does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE            Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder, or room air taken into the medical device.
This document does not address contact with drugs or anaesthetic agents. If a medical device or accessory is intended to be used with anaesthetic agents or drugs, then additional testing can be required. This document is intended to quantify hazardous water-soluble substances that are leached from the medical device, its parts or accessories by condensate and then conveyed by that liquid to the patient.

This document specifies tests for the emissions of particulate matter from the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The tests of this document are intended to quantify particles from 0,25 µm diameter to 10 µm diameter that are emitted by the medical device, its parts or accessories into the respirable gas stream. This document establishes acceptance criteria for these tests.
This document does not address nanoparticles. Insufficient data exist to establish exposure limits for particles less than 0,25 µm diameter.
This document does not address particles larger than 10 µm diameter. These particles are deposited in the nasal cavity. Additional information can be needed for medical devices or accessories that bypass the nose. This is outside the scope of this document but can be required by some authorities having jurisdiction.
This document therefore adopts the same approach as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in setting limits based solely on particle size and not their chemistry.
This document addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways, which is then conducted to the patient.
This document applies over the expected lifetime of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing.
This document does not address biological evaluation of the particles that are deliberately released by a nebulizer (i.e. the therapeutic agent).
This document does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that have direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories, containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document, include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, medical respiratory personal protective equipment, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces, and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
This document does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE            Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 (all parts).

This document specifies:
—     the general principles governing the biological evaluation within a risk management process of the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments;
—     the general categorization of gas pathways based on the nature and duration of their contact with the gas stream;
—     the evaluation of existing relevant data from all sources;
—     the identification of gaps in the available data set on the basis of a risk analysis;
—     the identification of additional data sets necessary to analyse the biological safety of the gas pathway;
—     the assessment of the biological safety of the gas pathway.
This document covers general principles regarding biocompatibility assessment of medical device materials, which make up the gas pathway, in normal use and normal condition. This document does not cover biological hazards arising from mechanical damage.
The other parts of ISO 18562 cover specific tests that address potentially hazardous substances that are added to the respirable gas stream and establish acceptance criteria for these substances.
This document addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways within the medical device, which might then be conducted to the patient.
This document applies over the expected lifetime of the medical device when operated according to the instructions for use. This includes degradation arising from exposure to environmental conditions as well as cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation (i.e. processing). It also includes user action or inaction (omission) that leads to an unintended or unexpected outcome (result) (i.e. use error). It does not include conscious/intentional action or inaction that violates the instructions for use and is beyond reasonable risk control by the manufacturer (i.e. abnormal use).
This document does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of medical devices that have direct contact with the patient or user. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving equipment, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, medical respiratory personal protective equipment, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing system filters and Y-pieces as well as any breathing accessories intended to be used with such medical devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
This document does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE            Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder, or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 (all parts).

NOTE 1       There is guidance or rationale for this subclause contained in Clause AA.2.
This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of ventilatory support equipment, as defined in 201.3.302, for ventilatory impairment, as defined in 201.3.300, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
NOTE 2       In the home healthcare environment, the supply mains driving the ventilatory support equipment is often not reliable.
NOTE 3       Such ventilatory support equipment can also be used in professional health care facilities.
—    intended for use by a lay operator;
—    intended for use with patients who have ventilatory impairment, the most fragile of these patients, would not likely experience injury with the loss of this artificial ventilation; and
—    not intended for patients who are dependent on artificial ventilation for their immediate life support.
EXAMPLE 1        Patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Ventilatory support equipment is not considered to use a physiologic closed-loop control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the artificial ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the breathing system of ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory impairment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory impairment.
EXAMPLE 2        Breathing sets, connectors, water traps, expiratory valve, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 4       Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
NOTE 5       See ISO/TR 21954 for guidance on the selection of the appropriate ventilator for a given patient. 
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—    ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72;
—    ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for ventilatory insufficiency, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑80;
—    sleep apnoea therapy ME equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑70;
—    high-frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs), which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑87;
—    high-frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs);
—    respiratory high flow equipment, which are given in

NOTE 1       There is guidance or rationale for this subclause contained in Clause AA.2.
This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of ventilatory support equipment, as defined in 201.3.302, for ventilatory insufficiency, as defined in 201.3.302, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
NOTE 2     In the home healthcare environment, the supply mains driving the ventilatory support equipment is often not reliable.
NOTE 3     Such ventilatory support equipment can also be used in professional health care facilities.
—    intended for use by a lay operator;
—    intended for use with patients who have ventilatory insufficiency or failure, the most fragile of which would likely experience injury with the loss of this artificial ventilation;
—    intended for transit-operable use; and
—    not intended for patients who are dependent on artificial ventilation for their immediate life support.
EXAMPLE 1        Patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), moderate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or muscular dystrophy.
Ventilatory support equipment is not considered to use a physiologic closed-loop control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the artificial ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the ventilator breathing system of ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory insufficiency, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory insufficiency.
EXAMPLE 2        Breathing sets, connectors, water traps, expiratory valve, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 4       Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
NOTE 5       See ISO/TR 21954 for guidance on the selection of the appropriate ventilator for a given patient. 
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—    ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84;
—    ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72;
—    ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for ventilatory impairment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑79;
—    sleep apnoea therapy ME equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑70;
—    high-frequency jet ventilato

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a critical care ventilator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment:
¾     intended for use in an environment that provides specialized care for patients whose conditions can be life-threatening and who can require comprehensive care and constant monitoring in a professional healthcare facility;
NOTE 2      For the purposes of this document, such an environment is referred to as a critical care environment. Ventilators for this environment are considered life-sustaining.
NOTE 3      For the purposes of this document, such a critical care ventilator can provide ventilation during transport within a professional healthcare facility (i.e. be a transit-operable ventilator).
NOTE 4      A critical care ventilator intended for use in transport within a professional healthcare facility is not considered as an emergency medical services environment ventilator.
¾     intended to be operated by a healthcare professional operator; and
¾     intended for those patients who need differing levels of support from artificial ventilation including for ventilator-dependent patients.
A critical care ventilator is not considered to use a physiologic closed-loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the artificial ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a ventilator breathing system, or to a ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator.
NOTE 5     If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 6     Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment or an ME system operating in a ventilator-operational mode solely intended for patients who are not dependent on artificial ventilation.
NOTE 7     A critical care ventilator, when operating in such a ventilator-operational mode, is not considered life-sustaining.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment that is intended solely to augment the ventilation of spontaneously breathing patients within a professional healthcare facility.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
NOTE 8     See ISO/TR 21954 for guidance on the selection of the appropriate ventilator for a given patient.
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13;
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-84;
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2-72;
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for home-care ventilatory support devices, which are given in ISO 80601-2-79 and ISO 80601-2-80;
¾     obstructive sleep a

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of an EMS ventilator in combination with its accessories, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment:
¾     intended for patients who need differing levels of support from artificial ventilation including ventilator-dependent patients;
¾     intended to be operated by a healthcare professional operator;
¾     intended for use in the EMS environment; and
¾     intended for invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
NOTE 2     An EMS ventilator can also be used for transport within a professional healthcare facility.
An EMS ventilator is not considered to use a physiologic closed loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the  artificial ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the ventilator breathing system, or to an EMS ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the EMS ventilator.
NOTE 3     If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 4     Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for the following:
NOTE 5     See ISO/TR 21954 for guidance on the selection of the appropriate ventilator for a given patient. 
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601-2-12.
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-72.
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13.
¾     ventilators or accessories intended for ventilatory support equipment (intended only to augment the ventilation of spontaneously breathing patients), which are given in ISO 80601‑2-79 and ISO 80601-2-80.
¾     obstructive sleep apnoea therapy ME equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‐2‐70.
¾     user-powered resuscitators, which are given in ISO 10651‐4.
¾     gas-powered emergency resuscitators, which are given in ISO 10651‐5.
¾     continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ME equipment.
¾     high‐frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs), which are given in ISO 80601-2-87.
¾     high‐frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs)[44], which are given in ISO 80601-2-87.
NOTE 6      An EMS ventilator can incorporate high-frequency jet or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-modes.
¾     respiratory high-flow therapy equipment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-90.
NOTE 7      An EMS ventilator can incorporate high-flow therapy operational mode, but such a mode is only for spontaneously breathing patients.
¾     oxygen therapy constant flow ME equipment.
¾     cuirass or “iron‐lung” ventilators.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a ventilator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—    intended for use by a lay operator; and
—    intended for those patients who need differing levels of support from artificial ventilation including for ventilator-dependent patients.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a ventilator breathing system or to a ventilator where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator.

This document specifies requirements for user-powered resuscitators intended for use with all age groups and which are intended to provide lung ventilation to patients whose breathing is inadequate. User-powered resuscitators are designated according to ideal body mass range.
Example user-powered resuscitators include:
—    self-inflating bag resuscitators intended to be squeezed by the user’s hand and refilled by elastic recoil; and
NOTE 1    Self-inflating bag resuscitators are generally transit-operable and can be used in a wide range of environmental and emergency situations.
—    flow-inflating bag resuscitators intended to be squeezed by the user’s hand and refilled by a flow from a medical gas source.
This document is also applicable to those accessories that are intended for use with resuscitators where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the safety of the user-powered resuscitator.
Examples of such accessories include face masks, PEEP valves, capnometric indicators, manometers, metronomes, flow restrictors, filters, gas refill valves, oxygen gas mixers, connectors, electronic feedback devices, electronic sensors and transmission of data to other equipment.
This document is also applicable to point-of-use packaging.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—    gas-powered emergency resuscitators, which are given in ISO 10651-5;
—    electrically-powered resuscitators;
—    gas powered resuscitators for professional healthcare facilities; and
—    anaesthetic reservoir bags, which are given in ISO 5362.
NOTE 2    This document has been prepared to address the relevant essential principles[24] and labelling[25] guidances of the International Medical Devices Regulators Forum (IMDRF) as indicated in Annex D.
NOTE 3    This document has been prepared to address the relevant essential principles of safety and performance of ISO 16142-1:2016 as indicated in Annex E.
NOTE 4    This document has been prepared to address the relevant general safety and performance requirements of European regulation (EU) 2017/745[23] as indicated in Annex F.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of an infant cardiorespiratory monitor, as defined in 3.10, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—    intended for use by a lay operator;
—    intended to monitor cardiorespiratory parameters in sleeping or resting children under three years of age; and
—    intended for transit-operable use.
NOTE       An infant cardiorespiratory monitor can also be used in professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the infant cardiorespiratory monitor, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the infant cardiorespiratory monitor.
EXAMPLE        probes, cables distributed alarm system

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of respiratory high-flow therapy equipment, as defined in 201.3.220, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment or ME system, in combination with its accessories:
—   intended for use with patients who can breathe spontaneously; and
—   intended for patients who would benefit from improved alveolar gas exchange; and who would benefit from receiving high-flow humidified respiratory gases, which can include a patient whose upper airway is bypassed.
EXAMPLE 1 Patients with Type 1 Respiratory Failure who exhibit a reduction in arterial blood oxygenation.
EXAMPLE 2 Patients who would benefit from reduced work of breathing, as needed in Type 2 Respiratory Failure, where arterial carbon dioxide is high.
EXAMPLE 3 Patients requiring humidification to improve mucociliary clearance.
Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment can be intended for use in the home healthcare environment or intended for use in professional healthcare facilities.
NOTE 1        In the home healthcare environment, the supply mains is often not reliable.
Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment can be:
—   fully integrated ME equipment; or
—   a combination of separate items forming a ME system.
This standard also applies to other types of respiratory equipment when that equipment includes a respiratory high-flow therapy mode.
NOTE 2  This standard and ISO 80601-2-12[14] are applicable to a critical care ventilator with a high-flow therapy mode.
Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment can be transit-operable.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the respiratory high-flow therapy equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the respiratory high-flow therapy equipment.
EXAMPLE 4         Breathing sets, connectors, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system, high-flow nasal cannula, tracheal tube, tracheostomy tube, face mask and supra-laryngeal airway.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in the general standard, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 3        Additional information can be found in the general standard, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—    ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12[14];
—    ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13[15];
—    ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84[20];
—    ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72[17];
—    ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for patients with ventilatory impairment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑79[18];
—    ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for patients with ven

ISO 10651-5:2006 specifies the basic safety and essential performance requirements for gas-powered emergency resuscitators intended for use with humans by first responders. This equipment is intended for emergency field use and is intended to be continuously operator attended in normal use.
ISO 10651-5:2006 also specifies the requirements for resuscitator sets.
ISO 10651-5:2006 is not applicable to electrically-powered resuscitators.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a humidifier, also hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories, the combination also hereafter referred to as ME system.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a humidifier where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 1         Heated breathing tubes (heated-wire breathing tubes) or ME equipment intended to control these heated breathing tubes (heated breathing tube controllers).
NOTE 1        Heated breathing tubes and their controllers are ME equipment and are subject to the requirements of IEC 60601‑1.
NOTE 2        ISO 5367 specifies other safety and performance requirements for breathing tubes.
This document includes requirements for the different medical uses of humidification, such as invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, nasal high-flow therapy, and obstructive sleep apnoea therapy, as well as humidification therapy for tracheostomy patients.
NOTE 3        A humidifier can be integrated into other equipment. When this is the case, the requirements of the other equipment also apply to the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 2         Heated humidifier incorporated into a critical care ventilator where ISO 80601‑2-12[10] also applies.
EXAMPLE 3         Heated humidifier incorporated into a homecare ventilator for dependent patients where ISO 80601‑2-72[12] also applies.
EXAMPLE 4         Heated humidifier incorporated into sleep apnoea therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑70[11] also applies.
EXAMPLE 5         Heated humidifier incorporated into ventilatory support equipment where either ISO 80601-2-79[13] or ISO 80601-2-80[14] also apply.
EXAMPLE 6         Heated humidifier incorporated into respiratory high-flow therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑90[15] also applies.
This document also includes requirements for an active HME (heat and moisture exchanger), ME equipment which actively adds heat and moisture to increase the humidity level of the gas delivered from the HME to the patient. This document is not applicable to a passive HME, which returns a portion of the expired moisture and heat of the patient to the respiratory tract during inspiration without adding heat or moisture.
NOTE 4        ISO 9360‑1 and ISO 9360‑2[4] specify safety and performance requirements for a passive HME.
NOTE 5        If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 6        Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for cold pass-over or cold bubble-through humidification devices, the requirements for which are given in ISO 20789[6].
This document is not applicable to equipment commonly referred to as “room humidifiers” or humidifiers used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or humidifiers incorporated into infant incubators.
This

ISO 80601-2-61:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment intended for use on humans, hereafter referred to as me equipment. This includes any part necessary for normal use, including the pulse oximeter monitor, pulse oximeter probe, and probe cable extender.
These requirements also apply to pulse oximeter equipment, including pulse oximeter monitors, pulse oximeter probes and probe cable extenders, which have been reprocessed.
The intended use of pulse oximeter equipment includes, but is not limited to, the estimation of arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate of patients in professional healthcare institutions as well as patients in the home healthcare environment and the emergency medical services environment.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use in laboratory research applications nor to oximeters that require a blood sample from the patient.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 201.11 and in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE 1       See also 4.2 of the general standard. "The general standard" is IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, Medical electrical equipment ? Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 can also be applied to me equipment and their accessories used for compensation or alleviation of disease, injury or disability.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended solely for foetal use.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to remote or slave (secondary) equipment that displays SpO2 values that are located outside of the patient environment.
NOTE 2       Me equipment that provides selection between diagnostic and monitoring functions is expected to meet the requirements of the appropriate document when configured for that function.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use under extreme or uncontrolled environmental conditions outside the hospital environment or physician's office, such as in ambulances and air transport. Additional standards can apply pulse oximeter equipment for those environments of use.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is a particular standard in the IEC 60601-1 and ISO/IEC 80601 series of standards.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a high-frequency ventilator (HFV) in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment:
intended for use in an environment that provides specialized care for patients whose conditions can be life-threatening and who can require comprehensive care and constant monitoring in a professional healthcare facility;
NOTE 1    For the purposes of this document, such an environment is referred to as a critical care environment. High-frequency ventilators for this environment are considered life-sustaining.
NOTE 2    For the purposes of this document, such a high-frequency ventilator can provide transport within a professional healthcare facility (i.e., be a transit-operable ventilator).
NOTE 3    A high-frequency ventilator intended for use in transport within a professional healthcare facility is not considered as a ventilator intended for the emergency medical services environment.
intended to be operated by a healthcare professional operator;
intended for those patients who need differing levels of support from artificial ventilation including ventilator-dependent patients; and
capable of providing more than 150 inflations/min.
There are three principal designations of HFV:
high-frequency percussive ventilation [HFPV, with a typical HFV frequency of (60 to 1 000) HFV inflations/min]; 
high-frequency jet ventilation [HFJV, with a typical HFV frequency of (100 to 1 500) HFV inflations/min]; and
high-frequency oscillatory ventilation [HFOV, with a typical HFV frequency of (180 to 1200) HFV inflations/min and typically having an active expiratory phase]. 
Additionally, HFV designations can be combined together or with ventilation at rates less than 150 inflations/min.
* A high-frequency ventilator is not considered a physiologic closed loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to an HFV breathing system, or to a high-frequency ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the high-frequency ventilator.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of IEC 60601-1:2005.
NOTE 4    Additional information can be found in 4.2 of IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment that is intended solely to augment the ventilation of spontaneously breathing patients within a professional healthcare facility.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
non-high-frequency ventilators or accessories which provide conventional ventilation for use in critical care environments, which are given in ISO 80601-2-12 [23];.
NOTE 5     An HFV can incorporate conventional critical care ventilator operational modes, in which case ISO 80601-2-12 is applicable to those modes.
ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 806

This document is applicable to the basic safety and essential performance of sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, intended to alleviate the symptoms of patients who suffer from obstructive sleep apnoea by delivering a therapeutic breathing pressure to the respiratory tract of the patient. Sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment is intended for use in the home healthcare environment by lay operators as well as in professional healthcare institutions.
* Sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment is not considered to utilize a physiologic closed-loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the therapy settings.
This document excludes sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment intended for use with neonates.
This document is applicable to ME equipment or an ME system intended for those patients who are not dependent on mechanical ventilation.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment or an ME system intended for those patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilation such as patients with central sleep apnoea.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment.
Masks and application accessories intended for use during sleep apnoea breathing therapy are additionally addressed by ISO 17510. Refer to Figure AA.1 for items covered further under this document.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE       See also 4.2 of the general standard.
This document is not applicable to high-frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs), which are given in ISO 80601-2-87[13].
This document does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for critical care ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12.
This document does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601-2-13[8].
This document does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for home care ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients, which are given in ISO 80601-2-72[9].
This document does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for emergency and transport, which are given in ISO 80601-2-84[12].
This document does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for home-care ventilatory support, which are given in ISO 80601-2-79[10] and ISO 80601‑2‑80[11].

This document specifies requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of an oxygen concentrator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, intended to increase the oxygen concentration of gas intended to be delivered to a single patient. Such oxygen concentrators are typically intended for use in the home healthcare environment by a single patient in various environments including any private and public transportation as well as in commercial aircraft.
NOTE 1  Such oxygen concentrators can also be used in professional healthcare facilities.
This document is applicable to a transit-operable and non-transit-operable oxygen concentrator. This document is applicable to an oxygen concentrator integrated into or used with other medical devices, ME equipment or ME systems.
EXAMPLE 1      An oxygen concentrator with integrated oxygen conserving equipment  function or humidifier function.
EXAMPLE 2      An oxygen concentrator used with a flowmeter stand.
EXAMPLE 3      An oxygen concentrator as part of an anaesthetic system for use in areas with limited logistical supplies of electricity and anaesthetic gases[2].
EXAMPLE 4      An oxygen concentrator with an integrated liquid reservoir function or gas cylinder filling system function.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to an oxygen concentrator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the oxygen concentrator.
NOTE 2  Such accessories can include, but are not limited to, masks, cannulae, extension tubing, humidifiers, carts, carrying cases, external power sources and oxygen conserving equipment.
This document does not specify requirements for oxygen concentrators for use with a medical gas pipeline system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE 3           See also 4.2 of the general standard.

This document is applicable to the basic safety and essential performance of oxygen conserving equipment, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories intended to conserve supplemental oxygen by delivering gas intermittently and synchronized with the patient's inspiratory cycle, when used in the home healthcare environment. Oxygen conserving equipment is typically used by a lay operator.
NOTE 1    Conserving equipment can also be used in professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to conserving equipment that is incorporated with other equipment.
EXAMPLE       Conserving equipment combined with a pressure regulator[2], an oxygen concentrator[7] or liquid oxygen equipment[4].
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to conserving equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the conserving equipment.
This document is intended to clarify the difference in operation of various conserving equipment models, as well as between the operation of conserving equipment and continuous flow oxygen equipment, by requiring standardized performance testing and labelling.
This document is only applicable to active devices (e.g. pneumatically or electrically powered) and is not applicable to non-active devices (e.g. reservoir cannulas).  
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 2    Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.

This document applies to basic safety and essential performance of cerebral tissue oximeter equipment, that employs light at multiple wavelengths to derive a quantitative measure of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin within the volume of tissue sampled under the probe attached to the head. The cerebral tissue oximeter equipment can be based on continuous light, frequency domain or time domain technologies. This document applies to ME equipment used in a hospital environment as well as when used outside the hospital environment, such as in ambulances and air transport. Additional standards may apply to ME equipment for those environments of use.
NOTE 1  Cerebral tissue oximeters are sometimes referred to as near infrared spectroscopy equipment in medical literature.
Not included within the scope of this document are:
      invasive tissue or vascular oximeters;
      oximeters that require a blood sample from the patient;
      equipment measuring dissolved oxygen;
      ME equipment, or part thereof, that measures path-length-dependent haemoglobin change. The requirements for functional near-infrared spectroscopy equipment are found in ISO 80601-2-71[4];
      ME equipment, or part thereof, that measures arterial saturation based on pulsatile changes in tissue optical properties (SpO2). The requirements for pulse oximeter equipment are found in ISO 80601‑2‑61[3];
      ME equipment, or any part thereof, that claims to monitor tissue in parts of the body other than the head.
This document also applies to cerebral tissue oximeter equipment, including cerebral tissue oximeter monitors, cerebral tissue oximeter probes and probe cable extenders, that have been remanufactured.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 201.11 and in 201.7.2.13 and 201.8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE 2  See also 4.2 of the general standard.
This document can also be applied to ME equipment and their accessories used for compensation or alleviation of disease, injury or disability.
This document is not applicable to remote or slave (secondary) equipment that displays StO2 values that are located outside of the patient environment.
NOTE 3  ME equipment that provides selection between diagnostic and monitoring functions is expected to meet the requirements of the appropriate document when configured for that function.

ISO 17510:2015 applies to masks and their accessories used to connect a sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment to the patient. It specifies requirements for masks and accessories, including any connecting element, that are required to connect the patient-connection port of sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment to a patient for the application of sleep apnoea breathing therapy (e.g. nasal masks, exhaust ports and headgear).

This document specifies requirements for so-called "cold bubble-through" or "cold pass-over" humidifying equipment, hereafter referred to as a passive humidifier. Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate these passive humidifiers.

ISO 23747:2015 specifies requirements for a peak expiratory flow meter (pefm) intended for the assessment of pulmonary function in spontaneously breathing humans.
ISO 23747:2015 covers all medical devices that measure peak expiratory flowrate in spontaneously breathing humans either as part of an integrated lung function medical device or as a stand-alone medical device.
Planning and design of products applying to this International Standard are to consider the environmental impact from the product during its life cycle. Environmental aspects are addressed in Annex E.
NOTE          Additional aspects of environmental impact are addressed in ISO 14971.

ISO 26782:2009 specifies requirements for spirometers intended for the assessment of pulmonary function in humans weighing more than 10 kg.
ISO 26782:2009 applies to spirometers that measure timed forced expired volumes, either as part of an integrated lung function device or as a stand-alone device, irrespective of the measuring method employed.

This document specifies requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of an oxygen concentrator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, intended to increase the oxygen concentration of gas intended to be delivered to a single patient. Such oxygen concentrators are typically intended for use in the home healthcare environment by a single patient in various environments including any private and public transportation as well as in commercial aircraft.
NOTE 1 Such oxygen concentrators can also be used in professional healthcare facilities.
This document is applicable to a transit-operable and non-transit-operable oxygen concentrator. This document is applicable to an oxygen concentrator integrated into or used with other medical devices, ME equipment or ME systems.
EXAMPLE 1 An oxygen concentrator with integrated oxygen conserving equipment  function or humidifier function.
EXAMPLE 2 An oxygen concentrator used with a flowmeter stand.
EXAMPLE 3 An oxygen concentrator as part of an anaesthetic system for use in areas with limited logistical supplies of electricity and anaesthetic gases[2].
EXAMPLE 4 An oxygen concentrator with an integrated liquid reservoir function or gas cylinder filling system function.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to an oxygen concentrator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the oxygen concentrator.
NOTE 2 Such accessories can include, but are not limited to, masks, cannulae, extension tubing, humidifiers, carts, carrying cases, external power sources and oxygen conserving equipment.
This document does not specify requirements for oxygen concentrators for use with a medical gas pipeline system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE 3 See also 4.2 of the general standard.

This document is applicable to the basic safety and essential performance of oxygen conserving equipment, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories intended to conserve supplemental oxygen by delivering gas intermittently and synchronized with the patient's inspiratory cycle, when used in the home healthcare environment. Oxygen conserving equipment is typically used by a lay operator.
NOTE 1 Conserving equipment can also be used in professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to conserving equipment that is incorporated with other equipment.
EXAMPLE Conserving equipment combined with a pressure regulator[2], an oxygen concentrator[7] or liquid oxygen equipment[4].
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to conserving equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the conserving equipment.
This document is intended to clarify the difference in operation of various conserving equipment models, as well as between the operation of conserving equipment and continuous flow oxygen equipment, by requiring standardized performance testing and labelling.
This document is only applicable to active devices (e.g. pneumatically or electrically powered) and is not applicable to non-active devices (e.g. reservoir cannulas).
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 2 Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.

2014-12-19: VA frozen. WI deleted following Alert 2
DOW = DAV + 36 months

The scope given in clause 1 of EN 60601-1:1990 applies with the following addition:
1.101 R)   This part of this European Standard specifies requirements for ventilators, driven by a power source and intended for emergency and transport use.
This covers a range of devices, from relatively simple ventilators intended, primarily, for use with a face mask and for limited periods (e.g. gas powered ventilators) through to devices for pre-planned longer term use. !This includes gas-powered resuscitators, which are generally used by first responders."
This part does not cover operator-powered ventilators (i.e. manual resuscitators).
Ventilators aboard aircraft are likely to be subject to additional requirements and national/international regulations.
Additional parts, e.g. concerning lung ventilators for critical care (see EN 794-1), home care ventilators (see EN 794-2), operator powered resuscitators and recent developments such as jet and very high frequency ventilation and oscillation are published or under consideration.

ISO 18562-3:2017 specifies tests for the emissions of volatile organic compounds (vocs) from the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The tests of this document are intended to quantify emissions of vocs that are added to the respirable gas stream by the materials of the gas pathway. This document establishes acceptance criteria for these tests.
ISO 18562-3:2017 addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways, which is then conducted to the patient.
ISO 18562-3:2017 applies over the expected service life of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing or reprocessing.
ISO 18562-3:2017 does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that are in direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series[1].
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
ISO 18562-3:2017 does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE       Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 series.
ISO 18562-3:2017 is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 18562‑1.
NOTE          This document has been prepared to address the relevant essential principles of safety and performance as indicated in Annex B.

ISO 18562-4:2017 specifies tests for substances leached by liquid water condensing into gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The tests of this document are intended to quantify hazardous water-soluble substances that are leached from the medical device, its parts or accessories by condensate and then conveyed by that liquid to the patient. This document establishes acceptance criteria for these tests.
ISO 18562-4:2017 addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways, which is then conducted to the patient.
ISO 18562-4:2017 applies over the expected service life of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing or reprocessing
ISO 18562-4:2017 does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that are in direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
ISO 18562-4:2017 does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE       Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder, or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 series.
ISO 18562-4:2017 does not address contact with drugs or anaesthetic agents. If a medical device is intended to be used with anaesthetic agents or drugs, then additional testing can be required.
This document is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 18562‑1.
NOTE          This document has been prepared to address the relevant essential principles of safety and performance as indicated in Annex B.

ISO 18562-2:2017 specifies tests for the emissions of particulate matter from the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments. The tests of this document are intended to quantify particles from 0,2 µm diameter to 10 µm diameter that are emitted by the medical device, its parts or accessories into the respirable gas stream. This document establishes acceptance criteria for these tests. This document does not address nanoparticles. Insufficient data exist to establish exposure limits for particles less than 0,2 µm in diameter.
NOTE 1       Smaller and larger particles could also present biological hazards, and additional information outside the scope of this document can be needed to meet requirements of some authorities having jurisdiction.
ISO 18562-2:2017 therefore adopts the same approach as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in setting limits based solely on particle size and not their chemistry.
ISO 18562-2:2017 addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways, which is then conducted to the patient.
ISO 18562-2:2017 applies over the expected service life of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing or reprocessing.
ISO 18562-2:2017 does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of gas pathways that are in direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories, containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document, include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving devices, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing systems filters, Y-pieces, and any breathing accessories intended to be used with such devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
ISO 18562-2:2017 does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE       Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder, or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 (all parts).
NOTE 2       This document has been prepared to address the relevant essential principles of safety and performance as indicated in Annex B.

ISO 18562-1:2017 specifies:
-      the general principles governing the biological evaluation within a risk management process of the gas pathways of a medical device, its parts or accessories, which are intended to provide respiratory care or supply substances via the respiratory tract to a patient in all environments;
-      the general categorization of gas pathways based on the nature and duration of their contact with the gas stream;
-      the evaluation of existing relevant data from all sources;
-      the identification of gaps in the available data set on the basis of a risk analysis;
-      the identification of additional data sets necessary to analyse the biological safety of the gas pathway;
-      the assessment of the biological safety of the gas pathway.
ISO 18562-1:2017 covers general principles regarding biocompatibility assessment of medical device materials, which make up the gas pathway, but does not cover biological hazards arising from any mechanical failure, unless the failure introduces a toxicity risk (e.g. by generating particulates). The other parts of ISO 18562 cover specific tests that address potentially hazardous substances that are added to the respirable gas stream and establish acceptance criteria for these substances.
ISO 18562-1:2017 addresses potential contamination of the gas stream arising from the gas pathways within the medical device, which might then be conducted to the patient.
ISO 18562-1:2017 applies over the expected service life of the medical device in normal use and takes into account the effects of any intended processing or reprocessing.
ISO 18562-1:2017 does not address biological evaluation of the surfaces of medical devices that are in direct contact with the patient. The requirements for direct contact surfaces are found in the ISO 10993 series.
Medical devices, parts or accessories containing gas pathways that are addressed by this document include, but are not limited to, ventilators, anaesthesia workstations (including gas mixers), breathing systems, oxygen conserving equipment, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, low-pressure hose assemblies, humidifiers, heat and moisture exchangers, respiratory gas monitors, respiration monitors, masks, mouth pieces, resuscitators, breathing tubes, breathing system filters and Y-pieces as well as any breathing accessories intended to be used with such medical devices. The enclosed chamber of an incubator, including the mattress, and the inner surface of an oxygen hood are considered to be gas pathways and are also addressed by this document.
ISO 18562-1:2017 does not address contamination already present in the gas supplied from the gas sources while medical devices are in normal use.
EXAMPLE       Contamination arriving at the medical device from gas sources such as medical gas pipeline systems (including the non-return valves in the pipeline outlets), outlets of pressure regulators connected or integral to a medical gas cylinder, or room air taken into the medical device is not addressed by ISO 18562 (all parts).
Future parts might be added to address other relevant aspects of biological testing including additional contamination that might arise from the gas pathway because of the presence of drugs and anaesthetic agents added to the gas stream.
NOTE 1       Some authorities having jurisdiction require evaluation of these risks as part of a biological evaluation.
NOTE 2       This document has been prepared to address the relevant essentia

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of ventilatory support equipment, as defined in 201.3.205, for ventilatory insufficiency, as defined in 201.3.204, hereafter also referred to as me equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—          intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—          intended for use by a lay operator;
—          intended for use with patients who have ventilatory insufficiency or failure, the most fragile of which would likely experience injury with the loss of this artificial ventilation;
—          intended for transit-operable use;
—          not intended for patients who are dependent on artificial ventilation for their immediate life support.
EXAMPLE 1    Patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), moderate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or muscular dystrophy.
NOTE 1    In the home healthcare environment, the supply mains is often not reliable.
NOTE 2    Such ventilatory support equipment can also be used in non-critical care applications of professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the ventilator breathing system of ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory insufficiency, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory insufficiency.
EXAMPLE 2    Breathing sets, connectors, water traps, expiratory valve, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 3    Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—          ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12;
—          ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13[5];
—          ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84[6][1], the future replacement for ISO 10651‑3[7];
—          ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72;
—          ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for ventilatory impairment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑79[1];
—          sleep apnoea therapy me equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑70[8];
—          continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) me equipment;
—          high-frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs);
—          high-frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs)[9];
—          oxygen therapy constant flow me equipment;
—          cuirass or "iron-lung" ventilation equipment.
This document is a particular standard in the IEC 60601 and IEC

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of ventilatory support equipment, as defined in 201.3.205, for ventilatory impairment, as defined in 201.3.202, hereafter also referred to as me equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—          intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—          intended for use by a lay operator; and
—          intended for use with patients who have ventilatory impairment, the most fragile of these patients, would not likely experience injury with the loss of this artificial ventilation; and
— not intended for patients who are dependent on artificial ventilation for their immediate life support.
EXAMPLE 1    Patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
NOTE 1    In the home healthcare environment, the supply mains is often not reliable.
NOTE 2    Such ventilatory support equipment can also be used in non-critical care applications of professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the breathing system of ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory impairment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilatory support equipment for ventilatory impairment.
EXAMPLE 2    Breathing sets, connectors, water traps, expiratory valve, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 3    Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
—           ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12;
—          ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13[4];
—          ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84 [5] [1], the future replacement for ISO 10651‑3[6];
—          ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72;
—          ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for ventilatory insufficiency, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑80[1];
—          sleep apnoea therapy me equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑70[7];
—          continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) me equipment;
—          high-frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs);
—          high-frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs)[8];
—          oxygen therapy constant flow me equipment;
—          cuirass or "iron-lung" ventilation equipment.
This document is a document in the IEC 60601 and IEC/ISO 80601 series of documents.
[1] Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 80601-2-84:2017.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a ventilator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment:
    intended for use in an environment that provides specialized care for patients whose conditions can be life-threatening and who can require comprehensive care and constant monitoring in a professional healthcare facility;
NOTE 1   For the purposes of this document, such an environment is referred to as a critical care environment. Ventilators for this environment are considered life-sustaining.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, such a ventilator can provide transport within a professional healthcare facility (i.e. be a transit-operable ventilator).
NOTE 3   A critical care ventilator intended for use in transport within a professional healthcare facility is not considered as an emergency medical services environment ventilator.
    intended to be operated by a healthcare professional operator; and
    intended for those patients who need differing levels of support from artificial ventilation including for ventilator-dependent patients.
A critical care ventilator is not considered to utilize a physiologic closed-loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the ventilation therapy settings.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a ventilator breathing system, or to a ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator.
NOTE 4   If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 5   Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment or an ME system operating in a ventilator-operational mode solely intended for patients who are not dependent on artificial ventilation.
NOTE 6   A critical care ventilator, when operating in such a ventilator-operational mode, is not considered life-sustaining.
This document is not applicable to ME equipment that is intended solely to augment the ventilation of spontaneously breathing patients within a professional healthcare facility.
This document does not specify the requirements for:
    ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601-2-13[2];
    ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-84[3], the future replacement for ISO 10651-3[4];
    ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2-72:2015[5];
    ventilators or accessories intended for home-care ventilatory support devices, which are given in ISO 80601-2-79:2018[6] and ISO 80601-2-80:2018[7][1];
    obstructive sleep apnoea therapy ME equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑70[9];
    continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ME equipment;
    high-frequen

The scope given in clause 1 of EN 60601-1:1990 applies with the following addition:
1.101 R)   This part of this European Standard specifies requirements for ventilators, driven by a power source and intended for emergency and transport use.
This covers a range of devices, from relatively simple ventilators intended, primarily, for use with a face mask and for limited periods (e.g. gas powered ventilators) through to devices for pre-planned longer term use. !This includes gas-powered resuscitators, which are generally used by first responders."
This part does not cover operator-powered ventilators (i.e. manual resuscitators).
Ventilators aboard aircraft are likely to be subject to additional requirements and national/international regulations.
Additional parts, e.g. concerning lung ventilators for critical care (see EN 794-1), home care ventilators (see EN 794-2), operator powered resuscitators and recent developments such as jet and very high frequency ventilation and oscillation are published or under consideration.

ISO 10651-4:2002 specifies requirements for operator-powered resuscitators intended for use with all age groups and which are portable and intended to provide lung ventilation to individuals whose breathing is inadequate. Operator-powered resuscitators for infants and children are designated according to body mass range and approximate age equivalent.
ISO 10651-4:2002 is not applicable to electrically- and gas-powered resuscitators.
Rationale statements are given for ISO 10651-4:2002.

ISO 18778:2005 specifies requirements for the safety and essential performance of monitors used to detect apparent life-threatening events in sleeping or resting children under three years of age. This International Standard applies to devices used in home care applications. These monitors are generally used without continual professional supervision.
ISO 18778:2005 also applies to the accessories, e.g. probes and cables necessary to apply the monitor to the patient. It does not apply to monitors intended for use in health care facilities/institutions.

Gives guidance on inhalational therapeutic use of nitric oxide admixed with nitrogen, including pharmacology, toxicological hazards, compatibility with air/oxygen/device materials and device design parameters.

ISO 80601-2-74:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a humidifier, also hereafter referred to as me equipment, in combination with its accessories, the combination also hereafter referred to as me system.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a humidifier where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 1 Heated breathing tubes (heated-wire breathing tubes) or me equipment intended to control these heated breathing tubes (heated breathing tube controllers).
NOTE 1 Heated breathing tubes and their controllers are me equipment and are subject to the requirements of IEC 60601‑1.
NOTE 2 ISO 5367 specifies other safety and performance requirements for breathing tubes.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 includes requirements for the different medical uses of humidification, such as invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, nasal high-flow therapy, and obstructive sleep apnoea therapy, as well as humidification therapy for tracheostomy patients.
NOTE 3 A humidifier can be integrated into other equipment. When this is the case, the requirements of the other equipment also apply to the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 2 Heated humidifier incorporated into a critical care ventilator where ISO 80601‑2-12[12] also applies.
EXAMPLE 3 Heated humidifier incorporated into a homecare ventilator for dependent patients where ISO 80601‑2-72[14] also applies.
EXAMPLE 4 Heated humidifier incorporated into sleep apnoea therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2-70[13] also applies.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 also includes requirements for an active hme (heat and moisture exchanger), me equipment which actively adds heat and moisture to increase the humidity level of the gas delivered from the hme to the patient. This document is not applicable to a passive hme, which returns a portion of the expired moisture and heat of the patient to the respiratory tract during inspiration without adding heat or moisture.
NOTE 4 ISO 9360‑1[5] and ISO 9360‑2[6] specify the safety and performance requirements for a passive hme.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 5 Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012, 4.2.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 does not specify the requirements for cold pass-over or cold bubble-through humidification devices, the requirements for which are given in ISO 20789:?.[8]
This document is not applicable to equipment commonly referred to as "room humidifiers" or humidifiers used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or humidifiers incorporated into infant incubators.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 is not applicable to nebulizers used for the delivery of drugs to patients.
NOTE 6 ISO 27427[10] specifies the safety and performance requirements for nebulizers.
ISO 80601-2-74:2017 is a particular standard in the IEC 60601‑1 and the ISO/IEC 80601 series.

ISO 17510-1:2007 specifies requirements for equipment intended for sleep apnoea breathing therapy for domiciliary use, ships, aircraft and other transport vehicles and for use in healthcare institutions.
ISO 17510-1:2007 applies to equipment intended for use with adults and children, and excludes equipment intended for use with neonates.
Jet and very high frequency ventilation and oscillation are not considered in ISO 17510-1:2007.

ISO 80601-2-69:2014 specifies requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of an oxygen concentrator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, intended to increase the oxygen concentration of gas intended to be delivered to a single patient. Such oxygen concentrators are typically intended for use in the home healthcare environment, including transit-operable use by a single patient in various environments including any private and public transportation as well as in commercial aircraft.
ISO 80601-2-69:2014 is applicable to a transit-operable and non-transit-operable oxygen concentrator. It is applicable to an oxygen concentrator integrated into or used with other medical devices, ME equipment or ME systems.

ISO 18779:2005 specifies requirements for the safety and essential performance of portable devices that supply the flow of oxygen or oxygen mixtures during therapy (e.g. long term oxygen therapy, analgesia).
These devices are intended to conserve oxygen or oxygen mixtures by delivering these gases intermittently on the patient's demand when used in home care applications. These devices are generally used without continual professional supervision. These devices are also used in health care facilities/institutions.
ISO 18779:2005 covers two types of conserving devices: conserving devices intended for continuous use and those not intended for continuous use. It covers active devices only, e.g. pneumatically or electrically controlled devices and does not cover devices such as reservoir cannulas.
This International Standard also includes conserving devices which are part of a system e.g. pressure regulators, oxygen concentrators or liquid oxygen vessels.

IEC 60601-1:2005, Clause 1 applies, except as follows: Subclause 1.1 of IEC 60601-1:2005, Clause 1 is replaced by: This International Standard applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of a VENTILATOR in combination with its ACCESSORIES, hereafter referred to as ME EQUIPMENT: - intended to be attended by a professional OPERATOR for those PATIENTS who are dependent on mechanical ventilation; and NOTE 1 Such VENTILATORS are considered a LIFE-SUPPORTING ME EQUIPMENT OR ME SYSTEM. - intended for use in critical care environments in a professional healthcare facility or intended for use in transport within a professional healthcare facility.

ISO 80601-2-12:2011 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a ventilator in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as me equipment:
intended to be attended by a professional operator for those patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilation; and
intended for use in critical care environments in a professional healthcare facility or intended for use in transport within a professional healthcare facility.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a breathing system, or to a ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 is not applicable to me equipment or an me system operating in ventilation modes intended for patients who are not dependent on mechanical ventilation.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 is not applicable to me equipment or an me system intended for those patients who are not dependent on mechanical ventilation.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 is not applicable to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) me equipment, sleep apnoea therapy me equipment, home healthcare environment ventilators, ventilatory support me equipment, emergency and transport ventilators, anaesthetic ventilators, high-frequency jet ventilators (HFJVs) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilators (HFOVs). ISO 80601-2-12:2011 does not specify the requirements for me equipment that is intended solely to augment the ventilation of spontaneously breathing patients within a professional healthcare facility.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications which are given in ISO 80601-2-13.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for home care ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients which are given in ISO 10651-2.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for emergency and transport which are given in ISO 10651-3.
ISO 80601-2-12:2011 does not specify the requirements for ventilators or accessories intended for home-care ventilatory support devices which are given in ISO 10651-6.

ISO 8185:2007 is a particular standard based on IEC 60601-1:1988 and its Amendments, Amd. 1:1991 and Amd. 2:1995.
ISO 8185:2007 includes requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of humidification systems. It also includes requirements for individual devices specified for use in humidification systems such as heated breathing tubes (heated-wire breathing tubes) and devices intended to control these heated breathing tubes (heated breathing tube controllers). ISO 5367 specifies other safety and performance requirements for breathing tubes.
NOTE Heated breathing tubes are medical electrical equipment and are subject to the requirements of IEC 60601-1.
ISO 8185:2007 also includes requirements for active HME (heat and moisture exchanger) devices, which actively add heat and moisture to increase the humidity level of the gas delivered from the HME to the patient. It is not applicable to passive HMEs, which return a portion of the patient's expired moisture and heat to the respiratory tract during inspiration without adding heat and moisture. ISO 9360-1 and ISO 9360-2 specify safety and performance requirements for passive HMEs and describe methods for testing performance.
Respiratory tract humidifiers can be gas-powered, electrically-powered, or both. However, ISO 8185:2007 has been prepared as a particular standard based on IEC 60601-1, which gives general requirements for all aspects of safety, not only electrical safety, and many of the requirements are therefore applicable to humidifiers not powered by electricity.
ISO 8185:2007 is not applicable to devices commonly referred to as "room humidifiers" or humidifiers used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or humidifiers incorporated into infant incubators.
ISO 8185:2007 is not applicable to nebulizers used for the delivery of drugs to patients.

ISO 17510-2:2007 applies to masks, their fixing and to the accessories used to connect a sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment to the patient. It specifies requirements for masks and accessories, including any connecting element, that are required to connect the patient connection port of sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment to a patient, and are used for the application of sleep apnoea breathing therapy, e.g. nasal masks, exhaust ports and headgear.
ISO 17510-2:2007 does not cover oral appliances.