ISO/TC 178/WG 4 - Safety requirements and risk assessment

1.1 This document specifies the safety rules for permanently installed new passenger or goods passenger lifts, with traction, positive or hydraulic drive, serving defined landing levels, having a car designed for the transportation of persons or persons and goods, suspended by ropes, chains or jacks and moving between guide rails inclined not more than 15° to the vertical. 1.2 This document covers the machinery described in 1.1 and the hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events related to their use. NOTE Supplementary requirements can apply in special cases (use of lifts by persons with disabilities, in case of fire, potentially explosive atmosphere, extreme climate conditions, seismic conditions, transporting dangerous goods, etc.). 1.3 This document does not cover: a) lifts with: drive systems other than those stated in 1.1; rated speed ≤0,15 m/s; b) hydraulic lifts: with a rated speed exceeding 1 m/s; where the setting of the pressure relief valve (5.9.3.5.3) exceeds 50 MPa; c) new passenger or goods passenger lifts in existing buildings[1] where, in some circumstances, some requirements of ISO 8100-1 cannot be met due to limitations enforced by building constraints and local requirements, e.g. EN 81-21, should be considered; d) lifting appliances, such as paternosters, mine lifts, theatrical lifts, appliances with automatic caging, skips, lifts and hoists for building and public works sites, ships' hoists, platforms for exploration or drilling at sea, construction and maintenance appliances or lifts in wind turbines; e) important modifications (see Annex C) to a lift installed before this document is brought into application; f) safety during operations of transport, erection, repairs, and dismantling of lifts. However, this document can usefully be taken as a basis. Noise and vibrations are not dealt with in this document as they are not found at levels which can be considered as harmful with regard to the safe use and maintenance of the lift. 1.4 This document is not applicable to passenger and goods passenger lifts, which are installed before the date of its publication. [1] Existing building is a building which is used or was already used before the order for the lift was placed. A building whose internal structure is completely renewed is considered as a new building.

1.1 This document specifies the safety rules for permanently installed new passenger or goods passenger lifts, with traction, positive or hydraulic drive, serving defined landing levels, having a car designed for the transportation of persons or persons and goods, suspended by ropes, chains or jacks and moving between guide rails inclined not more than 15° to the vertical. 1.2 In addition to the requirements of this document, supplementary requirements need to be considered in special cases (use of lifts by persons with disabilities, in case of fire, potentially explosive atmosphere, extreme climate conditions, seismic conditions, transporting dangerous goods, etc.). 1.3 This document does not cover: a) lifts with: drive systems other than those stated in 1.1; rated speed less than or equal to 0,15 m/s; b) hydraulic lifts: with a rated speed exceeding 1 m/s; where the setting of the pressure relief valve (5.9.3.5.3) exceeds 50 MPa; c) new passenger or goods passenger lifts in existing buildings[1] where, in some circumstances due to limitations enforced by building constraints, some requirements of this document cannot be met and local requirements, e.g., EN 81-21 need to be considered; d) lifting appliances, such as paternosters, mine lifts, theatrical lifts, appliances with automatic caging, skips, lifts and hoists for building and public works sites, ships' hoists, platforms for exploration or drilling at sea, construction and maintenance appliances or lifts in wind turbines; e) important modifications (see Annex C) to a lift installed before this document is brought into application; f) safety during operations of transport, erection, repairs, and dismantling of lifts. However, this document can usefully be taken as a basis. Noise and vibrations are not dealt with in this document as they are not found at levels which could be considered harmful with regard to the safe use and maintenance of the lift (see also 0.4.2). 1.4 This document is not applicable to passenger and goods passenger lifts, which are installed before the date of its publication. [1] An existing building is a building which is used or was already used before the order for the lift was placed. A building whose internal structure is completely renewed is considered a new building.

This document specifies the design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components which are referred to by other standards used for the design of passenger lifts, goods passenger lifts, goods only lifts, and other similar types of lifting appliances.

This document: a) specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators), their components and their functions; b) complements the system and methods specified in ISO 8100‑20 for mitigating safety risks that can arise in the course of the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators). NOTE Hereinafter, the term "lift" is used instead of the term "elevator". It is applicable to lifts that can: a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building, except lifts located in: private residences (single family units); or means of transport, e.g. ships; b) have any: rated load, size of load-carrying unit (LCU) and speed; and travel distance and number of landings; c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit, earthquakes, weather or floods; d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded), but not vandalized. This document does not specifically cover a) all the needs of users with disabilities; or b) risks arising from: work on lifts under construction, during testing, or during alterations and dismantling; use of lifts for firefighting and emergency evacuation; vandalism; fire outside the LCU; explosive atmosphere; transportation of dangerous goods.

This document — specifies GESRs for lifts (elevators), their components and functions, and — establishes a system and provides methods for minimizing safety risks that can arise in the course of, the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators). NOTE 1 Hereinafter, the term "lift" is used instead of the term "elevator". NOTE 2 See Clause 5 regarding the use and application of this document. This document is applicable to lifts that are intended to carry persons or persons and goods that can: a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure or building, except lifts located in means of transport, (e.g. ships); b) have any rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and travel distance and number of landings; c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit (LCU), earthquake, weather, or flood; d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded) but not vandalized. This document does not cover a) all needs of users with disabilities;[1] or b) risks arising from work on lifts under construction, testing, or during alterations and dismantling; use of lifts for fire fighting and emergency evacuation; vandalism; and fire outside the LCU. [1] Although the GESRs specified in this document have been identified and evaluated by risk assessment, not all disabilities or combinations of such disabilities of users have necessarily been addressed.

ISO/TR 8100-24:2016 provides a comparison of the requirements for door locks, buffers, governors, safeties and brakes covered by the major prescriptive safety standards: a) CEN EN 81‑1:1998+A3:2009; b) ASME A17.1-2010/CSA B44-10; c) JIS TS A 0028-1:2011; d) The Building Standard Law of Japan. It also includes prescriptive recommendations to harmonize the requirements within those standards.

ISO/TS 22559-3:2011 specifies prerequisite requirements for application for a global conformity assessment procedure (GCAP) certificate of conformity for new lift (elevator) systems, lift components or lift functions.

ISO 14798:2009 establishes general principles and specific procedures for assessing risk. Its purpose is to provide a process for making decisions relevant to the safety of lifts during the design, construction, installation and servicing of lifts, lift components and systems, development of generic procedures for the use, operation, testing, compliance verification and servicing of lifts, and development of technical specifications and standards affecting the safety of lifts. While the examples given in ISO 14798:2009 refer primarily to risks of harm to persons, the risk assessment procedure it specifies can be equally effective for assessing other types of risk relevant to lifts, such as the risk of damage to property and environment.

ISO 11071-2:2006 consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the following worldwide safety standards (excluding regional or national deviations): CEN European Standard EN 81-2:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts -- Part 2: Hydraulic lifts; ASME A17.1:2004, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators and CSA B44:2004, Safety Code for Elevators; Japan - Building Standard Law of Japan (BSLJ); Standards Australia: AS 1735-1: 2003, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks - Part 1: General Requirements; AS 1735-3: 2002, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks - Part 3: Passenger and Goods Lifts - Electro-hydraulic. ISO 11071-2:2006 applies to hydraulic lifts only, both of the direct and indirect acting type. It should be noted that, in addition to the above listed standards, lifts must conform to the requirements of other standards (for example, standards covering mechanical, structural, and electrical equipment; building codes, and environmental regulations). Some of the standards will be referred to in this Technical Report.

ISO/TR 11071-1:2004 consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the following worldwide safety standards (excluding regional or national deviations): CEN - European Standard EN 81-1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Part 1: Electric lifts; ASME A17.1-2000 and CSA B44-00, Safety Code for elevators and escalators; Building Standard Law of Japan - Enforcement order - Section 2, Elevator equipment, Articles 129-3 to 129-13, as well as year 2000 Ministry of Construction notices: Nos. 1413 up to and including 1418; Nos. 1423, 1424, 1428 and 1429; No. 1597; AS1735.1-2001, Lifts, escalators and moving walks - Part 1: General requirements, andAS1735.2-2001, Lifts, escalators and moving walks - Part 2: Passenger and goods lifts - Electric. The Technical Report applies to electric traction lifts only, although some sections may also be applicable to positive drive lifts suspended by rope or chain.

ISO 22559-1:2014 specifies GESRs for lifts (elevators), their components and functions, and establishes a system and provides methods for minimizing safety risks that may arise in the course of, the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators). ISO 22559-1:2014 is applicable to lifts that are intended to carry persons or persons and goods that can a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure or building, except lifts located in means of transport, (e.g. ships); b) have any rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and travel distance and number of landings; c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit (LCU), earthquake, weather, or flood; d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded) but not vandalized. ISO 22559-1:2014 does not cover a) all needs of users with disabilities, or b) risks arising from work on lifts under construction, testing, or during alterations and dismantling, use of lifts for fire fighting and emergency evacuation, vandalism, and fire outside the LCU.

ISO/TS 22559-2:2010 specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators), their components and their functions, and complements the system and methods specified in ISO/TS 22559-1 for mitigating safety risks that can arise in the course of the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators). ISO/TS 22559-2:2010 is applicable to lifts that can a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building, except lifts located in private residences (single family units) or means of transport, e.g. ships, b) have any rated load, size of load-carrying unit and speed, and travel distance and number of landings, c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit, earthquakes, weather or floods, and d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded), but not vandalized.

ISO/TS 14798:2006 establishes general principles and specific procedures for assessing risk. The purpose of ISO/TS 14798:2006 is to provide a process for making decisions relevant to the safety of lifts during the design, construction, and installation of lifts, lift components, and systems; developing generic procedures for the use, operation, testing, compliance verification, and servicing of lifts; and development of technical specifications and standards affecting the safety of lifts. While examples in ISO/TS 14798:2006 refer primarily to risks of harm to persons, the risk assessment procedure set out can be equally effective for assessing other types of risks relevant to lifts, such as the risk of damage to property and environment.

Contains a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the worldwide safety standards EN 81, Part 2, edition 1987) (BS 5655, Part 2:1988), ASME A17.1 (edition 1993) and CAN-B44 (edition 1994).

This Technical Report consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by: CEN - EN81, Part 1 (1985); ASME - ASME/ANSI A17.1 (1987); USSR - NEDRA (1972); CMEA - (Elevator Safety Regulations).