ISO/TS 22559-2:2010
(Main)Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 2: Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 2: Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
ISO/TS 22559-2:2010 specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators), their components and their functions, and complements the system and methods specified in ISO/TS 22559-1 for mitigating safety risks that can arise in the course of the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators). ISO/TS 22559-2:2010 is applicable to lifts that can a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building, except lifts located in private residences (single family units) or means of transport, e.g. ships, b) have any rated load, size of load-carrying unit and speed, and travel distance and number of landings, c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit, earthquakes, weather or floods, and d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded), but not vandalized.
Exigences de sécurité des ascenseurs — Partie 2: Paramètres de securité repondant aux exigences essentielles de sécurité globale des ascenseurs
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 22559-2
First edition
2010-09-15
Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) —
Part 2:
Safety parameters meeting the global
essential safety requirements (GESRs)
Exigences de sécurité des ascenseurs —
Partie 2: Paramètres de securité repondant aux exigences essentielles
de sécurité globale des ascenseurs
Reference number
ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Development of global safety parameters (GSPs).7
4.1 Purpose of GSPs .7
4.2 Approach.7
5 Understanding and implementing GSPs.8
5.1 Overall objective.8
5.2 Properties and use of GSPs .8
5.3 Use of ISO/TS 22559-1 and this part of ISO/TS 22559 .15
6 Global safety parameters .15
Annex A (informative) Anthropometric and design data summary .29
Bibliography.32
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 22559-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks.
ISO/TS 22559 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety requirements for lifts (elevators):
⎯ Part 1: Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
⎯ Part 2: Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 3: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — General requirements
⎯ Part 4: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — Certification and accreditation requirements
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO/TS 22559 was prepared in response to the need to set global safety parameters for lifts
(elevators).
The objective of ISO/TS 22559 (all parts) is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not designed according to existing local, national or regional safety
standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of safety. If such innovations become state of the art, they
can be integrated into the detailed local safety standard at a later date;
c) help remove trade barriers.
ISO/TS 22559-1 establishes global essential safety requirements (GESRs) for lifts (elevators) by addressing
hazards and risks that can be encountered on a lift (elevator). The GESRs, however, state only the safety
objectives of a lift (elevator).
This part of ISO/TS 22559 provides guidance and criteria for achieving conformance with safety requirements
of GESRs by specifying global safety parameters (GSPs) for use and implemention, where applicable, in a lift
(elevator) to eliminate hazards or mitigate safety risks addressed in the GESRs. However, GSPs are not
mandatory.
Clause 4 describes the approach and methodology used in the development of this part of ISO/TS 22559.
Clause 5 gives instructions for the use and implementation of GSPs. The GSPs are presented in Clause 6 in
the sequence of GESRs in ISO/TS 22559-1.
This part of ISO/TS 22559 is a product safety standard in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 51.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) —
Part 2:
Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety
requirements (GESRs)
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO/TS 22559:
a) specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators), their components and their functions;
b) complements the system and methods specified in ISO/TS 22559-1 for mitigating safety risks that can
arise in the course of the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators).
NOTE Hereinafter, the term “lift” is used instead of the term “elevator”.
1.2 This part of ISO/TS 22559 is applicable to lifts that can
a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building, except lifts located in
1) private residences (single family units), or
2) means of transport, e.g. ships,
b) have any
3) rated load, size of load-carrying unit (LCU) and speed, and
4) travel distance and number of landings,
c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit, earthquakes, weather or floods,
d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded), but not vandalized.
1.3 This part of ISO/TS 22559 does not specifically cover
1)
a) all the needs of users with disabilities , or
b) risks arising from
1) work on lifts under construction, during testing, or during alterations and dismantling,
2) use of lifts for firefighting and emergency evacuation,
3) vandalism,
4) fire outside the LCU,
5) explosive atmosphere,
6) transportation of dangerous goods.
1) Although the GESRs mentioned in this part of ISO/TS 22559 have been identified and evaluated by risk assessment,
not all disabilities or combinations of disabilities of users have necessarily been addressed.
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs
ISO 14119, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
ISO 14120:2002, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways
ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails
ISO 14122-4, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders
ISO 14798:2009, Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction
methodology
ISO 15534-1, Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery — Part 1: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for openings for whole-body access into machinery
ISO 15534-2, Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery — Part 2: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for access openings
ISO 15534-3, Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery — Part 3: Anthropometric data
ISO 22199, Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks —
Emission
ISO 22200 Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks —
Immunity
ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 1: Global essential safety requirements
(GESRs)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
authorized person
person with authorization to access restricted lift areas [e.g. machinery spaces, lift well (hoistway), pit and
LCU top] and to work therein, for the purpose of inspecting, testing, repairing, and maintaining the lift or for
rescuing users from a stalled load-carrying unit (LCU)
[ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, definition 3.1]
3.2
cause
circumstance, condition, event, or action that in a hazardous situation contributes to the production of an effect
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.1]
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
3.3
counterweight
mass that contributes traction in the case of a traction lift, or mass that saves energy by balancing all or part of
the mass of the LCU (car) and the rated load
[ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, definition 3.5]
3.4
door
landing or LCU mechanical device (including devices that partially or fully enclose the opening) used to secure
an LCU or landing entrance
3.5
effect
result of a cause in the presence of a hazardous situation
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.2]
3.6
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
degree of immunity to incident electromagnetic radiation and level of emitted electromagnetic radiation of
electrical apparatuses
3.7
essential safety requirement
ESR
requirement intended to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm to users, non-users and authorized
persons using, or associated with, lifts
3.8
fully loaded load-carrying unit
fully loaded LCU
LCU (car) with its rated load
3.9
global essential safety requirement
GESR
globally agreed upon essential safety requirement
See 3.7.
3.10
global safety parameter
GSP
globally agreed upon safety parameter
See 3.33.
3.11
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.3] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.3]
3.12
harmful event
occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.4] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.4]
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
3.13
hazard
potential source of harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.5] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.5]
3.14
hazardous situation
circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.6] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.6]
3.15
well (GB)
hoistway (US)
travel path(s) of the LCU and related equipment, plus the spaces below the lowest landing and above the
highest landing
3.16
hoistway enclosure (US)
well enclosure (GB)
fixed structural elements that isolate the well (hoistway) from all other areas or spaces
3.17
landing
floor, balcony or platform used to receive and discharge persons or goods (freight) from the LCU
3.18
life cycle
period of usage of a component or a lift system
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.7]
3.19
lift (GB)
elevator (US)
lifting appliance intended to transport persons with or without goods or freight by means of a power-operated
load-carrying unit that is guided by a fixed guiding system from one landing to another, at an angle of more
than 75° to the horizontal
NOTE 1 This term does not include mobile or other working platforms or baskets, or lifting appliances used in the
course of construction of buildings or structures.
NOTE 2 See ISO/TR 11071-1:2004, Clause 2, for use of the term “lift” versus the term “elevator” in current national
standards for lifts.
[ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, definition 3.19]
3.20
load-carrying unit
LCU
car
part of a lift designed to carry persons and/or other goods for the purpose of transportation
[ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, definition 3.20]
3.21
machinery space
space inside or outside the well (hoistway), which contains the lift's mechanical equipment, and can also
contain electrical equipment used directly in connection with the lift
NOTE This space can also contain the electric driving machine, the hydraulic machine or means for emergency
operation.
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
3.22
maintenance
process of examination, lubrication, cleaning, adjustment and routine replacement of lift parts to ensure the
safe and intended functioning of the lift and its components after completion of the installation and throughout
its life cycle
3.23
non-user
person in the vicinity of a lift, but not intending to access or use the lift
3.24
overload
overloaded
load in the LCU that exceeds the rated load of the lift
3.25
platform
part of the LCU that accommodates persons and load for the purpose of transportation
3.26
protective measures
means used to reduce risk
NOTE Protective measures include risk reduction by inherently safe design, protective devices, personal protective
equipment, information for use and installation and training.
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.8] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.8]
3.27
rated load
load that the lift is designed and installed to transport
3.28
relative movement
situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of another lift component that is stationary or that moves
at a different speed or in a different direction
NOTE This can also occur in a situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of a structure where persons
can be present.
EXAMPLE Building floor surrounding the lift well (hoistway).
3.29
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.2] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.10]
3.30
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.10] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.11]
3.31
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.12] [ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.12]
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
3.32
risk evaluation
consideration of the risk analysis results to determine if the risk reduction is required
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.13]
3.33
safety parameter
SP
quantitative unit, the value of which, in the form of numerical values or references to International Standards
or other standards, provides a level of safety consistent with that provided by relevant standards in current use
in the lift industry and good engineering practices
3.34
scenario
sequence of a hazardous situation, cause and effect
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.14]
3.35
severity
level of potential harm
[ISO 14798:2009, definition 2.15]
3.36
transportation
process in the course of which persons enter, or goods are moved into, an LCU, which is then lifted or
lowered to another landing, where the person exits, or goods are removed from, the LCU
3.37
travel path
path and related space between the lift terminal landings within which an LCU travels
NOTE For “space” above and below terminal landings, see 3.15.
3.38
uncontrolled movement
situation where
⎯ the LCU moves when, according to the design of the lift, it was to remain stationary, or
⎯ the LCU travels at a speed that is beyond the control of the means designed and intended to control the
LCU speed during the lift operation
EXAMPLE 1 The LCU starts to move away from a landing while the users are entering or leaving the LCU due to
failure or breakdown of lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.
EXAMPLE 2 The LCU speed exceeds its designed speed or does not decelerate or stop as intended due to failure or
breakdown of lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.
3.39
user
person using the lift for the purpose of normal transportation, without any help or supervision, including a
person carrying goods and a person using a specially dedicated operating system to transport goods or loads
NOTE An example of use of a specially dedicated operating system is “independent service” for transport of hospital
patients, whereby the operation of the lift is under the sole control of the patient's attendant.
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
3.40
vandalism
deliberate destruction of, or damage to, property for no obvious gain or reason
3.41
working area
working space
area or space defined for use by authorized persons to perform maintenance, repair, inspection or testing of
the lift
4 Development of global safety parameters (GSPs)
4.1 Purpose of GSPs
4.1.1 To enable verification that the lift and its selected components and functions have achieved safety
objectives of applicable GESRs, GSPs, such as strength, clearances, acceleration or retardation values, are
provided in this part of ISO/TS 22559 in the form of numerical values or references to International Standards
or other standards.
4.1.2 According to ISO/TS 22559-1:2004, 5.1.5, “a GESR states only the safety objective, or 'what' shall be
done or accomplished but not 'how' to accomplish the objective. Therefore, in order to achieve the safety
objective of a GESR, appropriate designs of lift components and functions shall be selected and their
compliance with the GESR shall be verified.”. ISO 14798 describes a risk assessment process that can help
to establish that the GESRs have been fulfilled with a specific design or lift configuration. In order to mitigate
specific risks identified in the risk assessment process, specific components, functions or GSPs may be used.
4.1.3 ISO/TS 22559-1 and this part of ISO/TS 22559 do not mandate the use of specific designs of
components and functions (such as specific designs of “safety gear”, “door interlocks” or “spring buffers”) as
they are commonly specified and required in prescriptive lift standards. Such components and functions are
not mandated in this part of ISO/TS 22559 as that would inhibit design innovations.
4.1.4 All applicable GESRs shall be fulfilled, in accordance with ISO/TS 22559-1, irrespective of whether or
not there is a GSP specified in this part of ISO/TS 22559.
4.2 Approach
4.2.1 As was the case with development of ISO/TS 22559-1, the development of this part of ISO/TS 22559
also involved experts from various parts of the world working in three regional study groups (North American,
European and Asia-Pacific). Specialized task groups carried out research in areas, such as anthropometric,
ergonomic, spatial and environmental influences by review of relevant International Standards and other
standards.
4.2.2 Individual experts and task groups derived safety parameters from independent research of existing
standards, anthropometric data, clearances, forces, etc. and a comparison of major codes. GSPs that were
determined to provide sufficient mitigation of risks related to relevant GESRs are included in this part of
ISO/TS 22559.
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
5 Understanding and implementing GSPs
5.1 Overall objective
5.1.1 Consistent with the purpose described in 4.1, global safety parameters in relation to individual GESRs
are specified in Clause 6.
5.1.2 The objective of the global safety parameters in Clause 6 is to
a) introduce parameters that provide universal means to demonstrate compliance with GESRs, and
b) stimulate the harmonization of safety parameters in existing national and regional standards.
5.1.3 To accomplish the safety objective of a GESR, a GSP, although not mandatory, may be an adequate
means of achieving compliance. The list of GSPs in Table 2 is not exhaustive.
Table 2 specifies fixed minimum or maximum values. Where the GSP gives a possible range of values in the
referenced International Standards, dependent on the circumstance in which it is used, justification that the
correct value has been chosen can be required to suit the particular hazardous situation(s).
5.1.4 Listed GSPs should not be interpreted as the only measure of conformity with a GESR. Conformance
with a GESR may be achieved by deviating from the listed GSPs, provided that the risk is mitigated using
other equally effective protective measures. Parameters consistent with good engineering practices or
selected from applicable codes or standards may be used. In such cases, it shall be demonstrated that the
type of parameters chosen
a) sufficiently mitigate the risk addressed in the GESR, and
b) ensure that any new risks created by implementation of the parameter(s) are sufficiently mitigated.
NOTE See ISO 14798 (e.g. ISO 14798:2009, 4.4.1.3).
5.2 Properties and use of GSPs
5.2.1 GSPs
5.2.1.1 The GSPs are listed in Table 2.
NOTE 1 International Standards and other standards have been used wherever applicable for developing GSPs as
they represent long-standing history in lift safety or scientifically developed data which has been applied for some time in
safety-related applications. The other standards include lift safety codes, electrical codes, anthropometric standards and
various materials standards. In all cases, the use of the relevant standard is to assist the user of this part of
ISO/TS 22559.
NOTE 2 This part of ISO/TS 22559 recognizes that slightly different or non-identical values for safety-related criteria
have been used around the world in order to ensure the safe operation of lifts. Examples of these are safety factors, space
sizes to prevent body part entry, space sizes to allow body part entry, forces, deceleration levels and illumination levels. In
many cases, the values vary only slightly (e.g. as a result of conversions of imperial to SI units of measurement or due to
different origins of the units). Nevertheless, these slightly differing values have proven to result in safe lift operation over
many years.
5.2.1.2 Safety factors should be considered relative to the material being used and its application, based
on good engineering practice.
5.2.1.3 It is recognized that electronic safety devices and programmable electronic systems in safety-
related applications (i.e. PESSRAL) are being extensively used in many industries. Where used in lift safety
applications, guidance on safety integrity levels (SILs) is provided in ISO 22201.
For devices using electro-mechanical or non-programmable electronic devices, methods such as Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) should be considered to establish the safety level.
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ISO/TS 22559-2:2010(E)
5.2.1.4 The values in Table 2 are globally harmonized values based upon current applicable national or
regional standards, with the recognition that some of the values are not absolute in nature.
5.2.1.5 When existing national, regional or international lift safety standards are revised, these GSPs,
(i.e. these values and generic International Standards) should be considered.
5.2.2 Process of implementing GSPs
In evaluating a lift system or component for compliance with a particular GESR, the following risk assessment
and risk reduction process, in accordance with ISO 14798, shall be applied:
a) the risk scenario, which includes the hazardous situation addressed in a GESR and the harmful event,
shall be formulated;
b) risk shall be estimated, evaluated and assessed;
c) if the risk level requires mitigation, protective measures are proposed. The protective measures should
eliminate the hazard or reduce the risk. Reducing the risk may include implementing GSPs;
d) after applying the protective measures, the risk shall be re-assessed. Step c) shall be repeated until the
risk has been sufficiently mitigated;
e) if a new hazard is created as a result of mitigating a given risk, the risk resulting from this new hazard
shall be fully mitigated using the above-mentioned process.
5.2.3 Ways of using GESRs and GSPs
5.2.3.1 With respect to a specific task affecting lift safety, such as designing a lift or its components,
GESRs and related GSPs may be used in two ways, namely
a) one can begin with the risk assessment of scenarios related to the task in order to identify the applicable
GESRs and related GSPs, as in 5.2.3.2, or
b) one can begin with a review of all GESRs in order to identify those that can be applicable to the task, as
in 5.2.3.3.
NOTE In addition to designing, tasks can include installing or servicing, or writing design-prescriptive safety
standards for lifts or their components.
5.2.3.2 When designing a lift or its components, a review of the intended use, foreseeable misuse (see
ISO 14798:2009, 4.5.5.4) and design should be made, in which all possible risk scenarios are formulated and
risk assessment is performed in order to find out which,
...
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