ASTM D5855/D5855M-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Confined Nonleaky or Leaky Aquifer by Constant Drawdown Method in Flowing Well

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions—Leaky Aquifer:  
5.1.1 Drawdown (sW) in the control well is constant,  
5.1.2 Well is infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates aquifer,  
5.1.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive, and  
5.1.4 The control well is 100 % efficient.  
5.2 Assumptions—Nonleaky Aquifer:  
5.2.1 Drawdown (sW) in the control well is constant,  
5.2.2 Well is infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates aquifer,  
5.2.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive,  
5.2.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the nonleaky aquifer, and  
5.2.5 The control well is 100 % efficient.  
5.3 Implications of Assumptions:  
5.3.1 The assumptions are applicable to confined aquifers and fully penetrating control wells. However, this practice may be applied to partially penetrating wells where the method may provide an estimate of hydraulic conductivity for the aquifer adjacent to the open interval of the well if the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is significantly greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity.  
5.3.2 Values obtained for storage coefficient are less reliable than the values calculated for transmissivity. Storage coefficient values calculated from control well data are not reliable.
Note 7: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a leaky or nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on the flow rate from a control well while a constant head is maintained in the well.  
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Practice D5786.  
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this technique for the determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between field situation and the simplifying assumption of the solution.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-May-2020
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5855/D5855M −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Confined Nonleaky or Leaky Aquifer
1
by Constant Drawdown Method in Flowing Well
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5855/D5855M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* the title of this document means only that the document has
been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determin-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing transmissivity and storage coefficient of a leaky or non-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on the flow
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rate from a control well while a constant head is maintained in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the well.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Thisanalyticalprocedureisusedinconjunctionwiththe
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
field procedure in Practice D5786.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this technique for the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
related to the correspondence between field situation and the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
simplifying assumption of the solution.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
2. Referenced Documents
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
2
values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore 2.1 ASTM Standards:
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
ing values from the two systems may result in non- Fluids
conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
with this practice.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D5786Practice for (Field Procedure) for Constant Draw-
Practice D6026.
down Tests in Flowing Wells for Determining Hydraulic
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
Properties of Aquifer Systems
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
Data
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3. Terminology
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
3.1 Derfinitions:
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsofcommontechnicaltermsusedinthis
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
practice, refer to Terminology D653.
of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in
3.2 Symbols and Dimensions:
2 −1
3.2.1 T—transmissivity [L T ].
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5855–15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5855_D5855M-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5855/D5855M−20
3.2.2 K —modified Bessel function of the second kind,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5855/D5855M − 15 D5855/D5855M − 20
Standard Test Method Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Confined Nonleaky or Leaky Aquifer
1
by Constant Drawdown Method in Flowing Well
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5855/D5855M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical solution for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a leaky or nonleaky
confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on the flow rate from a control well while a constant head is maintained in the well.
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Practice D5786.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this technique for the determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related
to the correspondence between field situation and the simplifying assumption of the solution.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded
as nonconformance with this test method.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D5786 Practice for (Field Procedure) for Constant Drawdown Tests in Flowing Wells for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Derfinitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.
3.2 Symbols and Dimensions:
2 −1
3.2.1 T—transmissivity [L T ].
3.2.2 K — modified Bessel function of the second kind, first order [nd].
1
3.2.3 K — modified Bessel function of the second kind, zero order [nd].
2
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015May 15, 2020. Published December 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
D5855 – 95 (2013).D5855 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D5855_D5855M-15.10.1520/D5855_D5855M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5855/D5855M − 20
3.2.4 J — Bessel function of the first kind, zero order [nd].
0
3.2.5 Y — Bessel function of the second kind, zero order [nd].
0
3.2.6 W(u)—w (well) function of u [nd].
3.2.7 u—variable of integration [nd].
3.2.8 t—elapsed time test [ T].
3 −1
3.2.9 Q—discharge rate [L T ].
3.2.10 s —constant drawdown in control well [L].
W
3.2.11 S—storage coefficient [nd].
3.2.12 r —radius of control well.
W
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method describes the analytical procedure for analyzing data collected during a constant drawdown aquifer test.
This test method is usually performed on a flowing well. After the well has been shut-in for a period of time, the well is open
...