ASTM B439-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-base bearings that are produced from mixed metal powder metallurgy technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication. Porous iron-base bearings shall be produced by compaction of a mixture of elemental iron powder and copper, tin, pre-alloyed bronze or graphite powders and sintering in a furnace having a protective atmosphere at a specified time and temperature cycle. The interconnected or open porosity in the bearings shall be filled to the required volume either by an extended soaking in hot oil or preferably by a vacuum impregnation operation with lubricating oil which is a high-grade turbine oil with antifoaming additives and containing corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. Each of the iron-base bearing material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, carbon, graphite, copper, and tin as shall be determined by chemical analysis. The physical properties for each of the bearing material shall be within the prescribed wet density, oil content, and impregnation efficiency limits. The radial crushing strength and bearing breaking load of the oil-impregnated bearing material determined on a plain sleeve bearing or a test specimen prepared from a flange or spherical bearing shall also meet the minimum and maximum mechanical strength values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for porous iron-base metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical bearings that are produced from metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Listed are the chemical, physical, and mechanical specifications for those standardized ferrous PM materials that have been developed specifically for the manufacture of self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 This standard is a companion to Specification B438 that covers the requirements for porous oil-imptegnated bronze-base bearings.
1.4 Typical applications for self-lubricating iron-base PM bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.
1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings), ISO 5755 and the technical literature.
1.6 Units—With the exception of density values for which the use of the g/cm3 unit is the long-standing practice of the PM industry, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not to be regarded as standard
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B439 −12
Standard Specification for
Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for porous
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
iron-base metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical bearings
to use.
that are produced from metal powders utilizing powder metal-
lurgy(PM)technologyandthenimpregnatedwithoiltosupply
2. Referenced Documents
operating lubrication.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Listedarethechemical,physical,andmechanicalspeci-
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
fications for those standardized ferrous PM materials that have
B438Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy
been developed specifically for the manufacture of self-
(PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
lubricating bearings.
B939Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K,of
1.3 This standard is a companion to Specification B438 that
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Materi-
covers the requirements for porous oil-imptegnated bronze-
als
base bearings.
B962Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
1.4 Typical applications for self-lubricating iron-base PM
Principle
bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation
1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are
Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Pow-
shown inAppendix Appendix X2, while engineering informa-
der Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Prin-
tion regarding installation and operating parameters of PM
ciple
bearings is included in Appendix Appendix X3. Additional
B966Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy
useful information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in
(PM) Bearings Using Nitrogen Gas
MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings), ISO 5755 and the technical
B970Test Method for Cleanliness of Powder Metallurgy
2
literature.
(PM) Bearings and Structural Parts
1.6 Units—With the exception of density values for which
E9Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
3
the use of the g/cm unit is the long-standing practice of the
rials at Room Temperature
PM industry, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
Determine Conformance with Specifications
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
information only and are not to be regarded as standard
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
4
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
2.2 MPIF Standard:
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for PM Self-
Lubricating Bearings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee B09.04 on Bearings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Replaces contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
portions of B612 and B782. Originally approved in 1966 to replace portions of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
B202. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B439–08. DOI: 10.1520/B0439- the ASTM website.
4
12. Available from Metal Powder Industries Federations, 105 College Road East,
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, No. 14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130–142. Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.info@mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B439−12
5
2.3 ISO Standards: FC-2008-K46
ISO 2795Plain bearings from sintered metal—Dimensions 4.2.4 Iron-Graphite Bearing Materials (Prefix FG)
and tolerances FG-0303-K10
ISO 5755Sintered Metal Materials – Specifications, FG-0
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B439–08 Designation: B439 – 12
Standard Specification for
Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for porous iron-base metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-base
bearings that are produced from mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with
oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2Included1.2 Listed are the specifications for the chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements ofspecifications for those
standardized ferrous PM materials that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these
self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 ThisspecificationaccompaniesstandardisacompaniontoSpecificationB438/B438MB438thatcoverstherequirementsfor
Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated). porous oil-imptegnated bronze-base bearings.
1.4 Typical applications for self-lubricating iron-base PM bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.
1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix Appendix X2, while engineering information
regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix Appendix X3. Additional useful
information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings), ISO 5755 (Bearings) and the technical
2
literature.
1.6With the exception of density values for which the g/cm
3
1.6 Units—With the exception of density values for which the use of the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated
in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other
units of measurement are included in this standard. unit is the long-standing practice of the PM industry, the values stated in
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
provided for information only and are not to be regarded as standard
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy B328Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered
Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated Bearings
B438/B438M438 Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (P/M)(PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength,K, of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Materials
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy
(PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B966 Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings Using Nitrogen Gas
B970 Test Method for Cleanliness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Parts
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2008.2012. Published May 2008.September 2012. Replaces portions of B612 and B782. Originally approved in 1966 to replace portions
of B202. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as B439 – 078. DOI: 10.1520/B0439-08.10.1520/B0439-12.
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, No. 14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130–142.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summar
...
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