ASTM B439-08
(Specification)Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-base bearings that are produced from mixed metal powder metallurgy technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication. Porous iron-base bearings shall be produced by compaction of a mixture of elemental iron powder and copper, tin, pre-alloyed bronze or graphite powders and sintering in a furnace having a protective atmosphere at a specified time and temperature cycle. The interconnected or open porosity in the bearings shall be filled to the required volume either by an extended soaking in hot oil or preferably by a vacuum impregnation operation with lubricating oil which is a high-grade turbine oil with antifoaming additives and containing corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. Each of the iron-base bearing material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for iron, carbon, graphite, copper, and tin as shall be determined by chemical analysis. The physical properties for each of the bearing material shall be within the prescribed wet density, oil content, and impregnation efficiency limits. The radial crushing strength and bearing breaking load of the oil-impregnated bearing material determined on a plain sleeve bearing or a test specimen prepared from a flange or spherical bearing shall also meet the minimum and maximum mechanical strength values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-base bearings that are produced from mixed metal powder utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements of those ferrous PM materials that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 This specification accompanies Specification B 438/B 438M that covers the requirements for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated).
1.4 Typical applications for iron-base bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.
1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings) and the technical literature.
1.6 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B439 – 08
Standard Specification for
Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange,
to use.
thrust, and spherical iron-base bearings that are produced from
mixed metal powder utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) tech-
2. Referenced Documents
nology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lubrication.
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physi-
B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Intercon-
cal, and mechanical requirements of those ferrous PM materi-
nected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and
als that have been developed and standardized specifically for
4
Oil-Impregnated Bearings
use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
B438/B438M Specification for Bronze Powder Metallurgy
1.3 This specification accompanies Specification B438/
(P/M) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B438M that covers the requirements for Bronze-Base Powder
B939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K,of
Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated).
Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Bearings and Structural Materi-
1.4 Typicalapplicationsforiron-basebearingsarediscussed
als
in Appendix X1.
E9 Test Methods for Compression Testing of Metallic
1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are
4
Materials at Room Temperature
shown inAppendix X2, while engineering information regard-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ing installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is
Determine Conformance with Specifications
included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35
2 Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
(Bearings) and the technical literature.
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
1.6 With the exception of density values for which the
5
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in
MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for PM Self-
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
Lubricating Bearings
stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No
3
2.3 IEEE/ASTM Standard:
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the Interna-
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
tional System of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
System
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mittee B09.04 on Bearings. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Replaces portions Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
of B612 and B782. Originally approved in 1966 to replace portions of B202. Last on www.astm.org.
5
previous edition approved in 2007 as B439 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/B0439-08. Available from Metal Powder Industries Federations, 105 College Road East,
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, No. 14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130–142. Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.info@mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B439 – 08
6
2.4 ISO Standard: 6.1.1 Porous iron-base bearings shall be produced by first
ISO 2795 Plain bearings from sintered metal—Dimensions preparing a mixture of elemental iron powder with additions of
and tolerances copper, tin, pre-alloyed bronze or graphite powders to the
specified chemical composition and then compacting the pow-
3. Term
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B439–07 Designation: B 439 – 08
Standard Specification for
Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-base bearings that are produced from
mixed metal powder utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements of those ferrous PM materials that
have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
1.3This specification is a companion standard to Specification B438/B438M
1.3 This specification accompanies Specification B 438/B 438M that covers the requirements for Bronze-Base Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated).
1.4 Typical applications for iron-base bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.
1.5Commercial1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown inAppendix X2, while engineering information
regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on
2
self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings) and the technical literature.
3
1.6With1.6 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in
inch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.TheSIequivalentsofinch-poundunits,showninparenthesis,havebeenconverted
in accordance with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI10, may be approximate and are only for information. unit is the industry standard,
the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B 328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-
Impregnated Bearings
B 438/B 438M Specification for Bronze Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B 939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength,K, of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Bearings and Structural Materials
E 9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 1019 TestMethodsforDeterminationofCarbon,Sulfur,Nitrogen,andOxygeninSteelandinIron,Nickel,andCobaltAlloys
4
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings
3
2.3 IEEE/ASTM Standard:
SI 10American10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approved JuneApril 1, 2007.2008. Published June 2007.May 2008. Replaces portions of B 612 and B 782. Originally approved in 1966 to replace portions
of B 202. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as B 439 – 067.
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, No. 14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130–142.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federations, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.info@mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM Internation
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.