ASTM D2196-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s .
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>
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Designation: D 2196 – 99
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
isindicatedbythedropinviscositywithincreasingviscometer
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic
viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range
−1
(Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or
from 0.1 to 50 s .
viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
Methods B and C).The high-shear treatment inTest Method C
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the char-
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
acteristics of the paint soon after application.
limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Rotational-type viscometers having at least four speeds,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
such as:
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
5.1.1 Brookfield Viscometer, ModelLVF,orequivalenthav-
3. Summary of Test Method
ing four rotational speeds, or Model LVT having eight rota-
tional speeds, with set of four spindles; or
3.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent
5.1.2 Brookfield Viscometer, Model RVF, having four rota-
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
tional speeds, or Model RVT or equivalent having eight
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in the material.
rotational speeds, with set of seven spindles.
3.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM thermometer having a range
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper-
3
from 20 to 70°C and conforming to the requirements for
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are
Thermometer 49C as prescribed in Specification E1.
determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational-type
3
5.3 Containers, round 1-pt (0.5-L) can, 3 ⁄8 in. (85 mm) in
viscometer. The agitation of the material immediately preced-
diameter, or 1-qt (1-L) can, 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter.
ing the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
5.4 Shaker, or equivalent machine capable of vigorously
4. Significance and Use
shaking the test specimen.
4.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
6. Materials
viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
6.1 Standard Oils, calibratedinabsoluteviscosity,millipas-
or more speeds better characterize a non-Newtonian material
cal seconds.
than does the single viscosity measurement.
7. Calibration of Apparatus
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-1onPaint 7.1 Select at least two standard oils of viscosities differing
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
by at least 5 P (0.5 Pa·s) within the viscosity range of the
of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint
material being measured and in the range of the viscometer.
Materials.
Condition the oils as closely as possible to 25.0°C (or other
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
{1
3
published as D2196–63T. Last previous edition D2196–86 (1991) .
agreed-upon temperature) for 1 h in a 1-pt (0.5-L) can, 3 ⁄8in.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
(85 mm) in diameter. Measure the viscosities of each oil as
3
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
described in Test Method B (Section 13) taking readings only
Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No.
557, 1971, pp. 35–43.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 2196
TABLE 2 Viscosity Variation of Cannon Viscosity Standards
at increasing speeds (13.7). Make certain that the spindle is
About the 25°C Temperature Point
centered in the container prior to taking measurements
...
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