ASTM F1720-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the insulation provided by sleeping bags or sleeping bag systems. It can be used for material and design evaluations.
5.2 The measurement of the insulation provided by clothing (see Test Method F1291, ISO 15831) and sleeping bags (ISO 23537) is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. It is feasible that departures from the instructions in this test method will lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Any departures need to be reported with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulation value of a sleeping bag or sleeping bag system. It measures the resistance to dry heat transfer from a constant skin temperature manikin to a relatively cold environment. This is a static test that generates reproducible results, but the manikin cannot simulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some human and environmental factors, examples of which are listed in the introduction.
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleeping bag or sleeping bag system, as tested, and for the specified thermal and environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement past the manikin.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1720 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a
1
Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sleeping bags are used by people in outdoor environments to insulate them from the cold (that is,
reduce their body heat loss to the environment). Sleeping bags often are used with ground pads and
clothing inside tents that provide additional protection from the environment. The amount of
insulation needed in a sleeping bag depends upon the air temperature and a number of other
environmental factors (for example, wind speed, radiant temperature, moisture in the air), human
factors(forexample,aperson’smetabolicheatproductionthatisaffectedbygender,age,fitnesslevel,
bodytype,size,position,andmovement),andphysicalfactors(forexample,amountofbodycoverage
and the quality of the insulating materials). The insulation value, expressed in clo units, can be used
tocharacterizesleepingbagsandsleepingbagsystems.Insulationvaluesforsleepingbagsystemscan
be used in body heat loss models to predict the temperature ratings for comfort.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulation
valueofasleepingbagorsleepingbagsystem.Itmeasuresthe
2. Referenced Documents
resistancetodryheattransferfromaconstantskintemperature
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manikin to a relatively cold environment. This is a static test
F1291TestMethodforMeasuringtheThermalInsulationof
that generates reproducible results, but the manikin cannot
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
simulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some human
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
and environmental factors, examples of which are listed in the
ISO 15831 2004 Clothing—Physiological Effects—
introduction.
Measurement of Thermal Insulation by Means of a Ther-
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleep-
mal Manikin
ing bag or sleeping bag system, as tested, and for the specified
ISO23537-12016RequirementsforSleepingBags–Part1:
thermal and environmental conditions of each test, particularly
Thermal and Dimensional Requirements
with respect to air movement past the manikin.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 auxiliary products, n—items used with a sleeping bag
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to create a sleeping bag system such as clothing, camp pillow,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ground pad, and bivy sack.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 clo, n—unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
0.155°C·m /W.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The value of 1 clo was selected as
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
roughly the insulation value of a heavy men’s business suit,
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee F08.22 on Camping Softgoods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F1720–14. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F1720-17. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1720 − 17
which should keep a resting man (producing heat at the rate of 6. Apparatus
2
58 W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21°C, air move- 4
6.1 Manikin —Use a supine manikin that is formed in the
ment 0.1 m/s.
shape and size of an adult male or female and is capable of
being heated to a c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1720 − 14 F1720 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a
1
Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sleeping bags are used by people in outdoor environments to insulate them from the cold (that is,
reduce their body heat loss to the environment). Sleeping bags often are used with ground pads and
clothing inside tents that provide additional protection from the environment. The amount of
insulation needed in a sleeping bag depends upon the air temperature and a number of other
environmental factors (for example, wind speed, radiant temperature, moisture in the air), human
factors (for example, a person’s metabolic heat production that is affected by gender, age, fitness level,
body type, size, position, and movement), and physical factors (for example, amount of body coverage
and the quality of the insulating materials). The insulation value, expressed in clo units, can be used
to characterize sleeping bags and sleeping bag systems. Insulation values for sleeping bag systems can
be used in body heat loss models to predict the temperature ratings for comfort.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulation value of a sleeping bag or sleeping bag system. It measures the
resistance to dry heat transfer from a constant skin temperature manikin to a relatively cold environment. This is a static test that
generates reproducible results, but the manikin cannot simulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some human and
environmental factors, examples of which are listed in the introduction.
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleeping bag or sleeping bag system, as tested, and for the specified thermal
and environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement past the manikin.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 13537 2002 Requirements for Sleeping Bags
ISO 15831 2004 Clothing—Physiological Effects—Measurement of Thermal Insulation by Means of a Thermal Manikin
ISO 23537-1 2016 Requirements for Sleeping Bags – Part 1: Thermal and Dimensional Requirements
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.22 on Camping Softgoods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2017. Published November 2014September 2017. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20112014
as F1720 – 06 (2011).F1720 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/F1720-14.10.1520/F1720-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1720 − 17
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 auxiliary products, n—items used with a sleeping bag to create a sleeping bag system such as clothing, camp pillow,
ground pad, and bivy sack.
2
3.1.2 clo, n—unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to 0.155°C·m /W.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
A heavy men’s business suit provides 1 clo of insulati
...
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