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ASTM F1291-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insulation value of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a heated manikin to a relatively calm, cool environment.
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement.
1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble can be measured in accordance with Test Method F 2370.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
61.020 - Clothes
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.60 - Human Factors
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1291-99 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM F1291-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
Effective Date
15-Sep-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2732-23 - Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1296-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1494-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1720-17 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1868-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3031-17(2022) - Standard Practice for Range of Motion Evaluation of First Responder’s Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2668-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining the Physiological Responses of the Wearer to Protective Clothing Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3426-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2371-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2370-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2300-10(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM F1291-04 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated ManikinASTM F1291-04 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
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ASTM F1291-04 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1291–04
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a
1
Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thetypeofclothingwornbypeopledirectlyaffectstheheatexchangebetweenthehumanbodyand
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The insulation provided by a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs and
materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by clothing,
distribution of the fabric layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased surface
area for heat loss. Insulation measurements made on fabrics alone do not take these factors into
account. Measurements of the resistance to dry heat loss provided by clothing can be used to
determine the thermal comfort or stress of people in cold to comfortable environments. However, the
moisture permeability of clothing is more important in environmental conditions where heat balance
can only be achieved by the evaporation of sweat.
1. Scope establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insu-
lation value of clothing ensembles. It describes the measure-
2. Referenced Documents
ment of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a heated
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manikin to a relatively calm, cool environment.
D 1518 Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing
Material
measurement on a standing manikin.
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not
F 2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
addressed in this test method.
tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the par-
3
2.2 ASHRAE Standards:
ticular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmen-
ASHRAE 55-1981 Thermal Environmental Conditions for
tal conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air
Human Occupancy
movement.
Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 8 on Physiological
1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to be
Principles, Comfort and Health
regardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsare
4
2.3 ISO Standards:
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
ISO 7730 1994 Moderate Thermal Environments—
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specifi-
pendently of the other.
cation of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort
1.4 The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble can
ISO 9920 1995 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment—
be measured in accordance with Test Method F 2370.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60 on Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
Human Factors. 30329.
4
Current edition approved December 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Origi- Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
nally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1291 - 99. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1291–04
Estimation of the Thermal Insulation and Evaporation evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this
Resistance of a Clothing Ensemble test method are significant. Standardization of the method
reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical
3. Terminology
knowledge. Report any departures with the results.
4.3 Report the insulation values in SI units or clo units as
3.1 Definitions:
standard procedure. Conversion factors to other units are given
3.1.1
...

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ASTM F2732-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to measure the insulation provided by a cold weather clothing garment or garment system using a heated manikin (see Test Method F1291) and to predict the temperature rating for comfort at two activity levels using whole-body heat loss models.  
4.1.1 The temperature rating is for an ensemble—not an individual garment. However, manufacturers want to label cold weather garments or garment systems with a temperature rating to help consumers select the product that will best meet their needs. Therefore, the insulation of a garment or garment system is measured with a standard base ensemble. Furthermore, the standard is limited to garments that cover a substantial amount of body surface area such as jackets, coats, insulated pants, coveralls, or snow suits. The temperature ratings of headwear, footwear, and handwear cannot be determined with this practice.  
4.1.2 The temperature predictions determined by this standard practice are for adults only. The physiology of children is significantly different from that of adults, so a modified heat loss model needs to be used to predict the comfort of children wearing outdoor clothing.5  
4.1.3 The temperature ratings determined by this standard practice and listed on garment labels are only guidelines for comfort and will be affected by the garments consumers wear with them, their activity level during wear, and individual differences in the physiological characteristics of people (for example, gender, age, body mass, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice covers the determination of the temperature rating of a cold weather protective clothing garment or system of garments when worn with one of two base ensembles. It involves measuring the thermal resistance (insulation) value of a clothing ensemble (base ensemble plus the garment or garment system being evaluated) with a heated manikin in accordance with Test Method F1291. The result is used in a heat loss model to predict the lowest environmental temperature for comfort.  
1.2 The predictive model used in this standard estimates the evaporative heat loss from a person wearing cold weather clothing as opposed to measuring the evaporative resistance on a sweating manikin. If a person is active and gets overheated in a cold environment, he/she is usually able to adjust the garments to dissipate excess heat.  
1.3 The temperature ratings estimated by this standard practice are guidelines for thermal comfort, determined from a whole-body heat loss model (see Annex A1). Therefore, localized cooling, discomfort, and even frostbite could still occur at extremely low temperatures because clothing insulation is not evenly distributed over the body surface. In addition, some body parts (for example, ears, fingers, toes) have a high surface area relative to their mass, and consequently lose heat at a faster rate than other parts of the body.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F2370-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the evaporative resistance provided by different clothing systems. The evaporative resistance values for ensembles measured under isothermal conditions can be used in models that predict the physiological responses of people in different environmental conditions. Garment evaporative resistance values can be compared as well (see Annex A1).  
4.2 The measurement of the evaporative resistance provided by clothing is complex and dependent upon the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, moisture transfer, temperature, humidity, and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a heated sweating thermal manikin to the testing environment. Information on measuring the local evaporative resistance values for individual garments and ensembles is provided in Annex A1.  
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.  
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
1.2 The evaporative resistance values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement and sweating simulations.  
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1291-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the insulation provided by different clothing systems. For example, variations in the design and fabric used in component garments can be evaluated. The effects of garment layering, closure, and fit can be measured for clothing ensembles. The insulation values for ensembles can be used in models that predict the physiological responses of people in different environmental conditions. Garment insulation values can be compared as well (see Annex A1).  
4.2 The measurement of the insulation provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures with the results.  
4.3 Report the insulation values in SI units or clo units as standard procedure. Conversion factors to other units are given in Test Method D1518.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insulation value of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a heated manikin to a relatively calm, cool environment. Information on measuring the local thermal resistance values for individual garments and ensembles is provided in Annex A1.  
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.  
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement.  
1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system shall be used independently of the other. The thermal resistance units, clo or SI, shall be identified clearly and consistency of units shall be maintained throughout reporting process.  
1.4 The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble can be measured in accordance with Test Method F2370.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F3031-17(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Range of Motion Evaluation of First Responder’s Protective Ensembles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used for the evaluation of the ROM of protective clothing ensembles worn under controlled conditions and can provide guidelines for the motion evaluation of PPE.  
4.1.1 This practice utilizes a space large enough to allow users to move freely during the tasks and a chair and a stretcher to measure certain body joint mobility.
Note 1: Since required range of motion values will be related to the work task to be done while wearing the protective ensemble, the end user should decide meaningfulness of the information provided by this standard for the performance of their job.  
4.2 This practice establishes general procedures for the evaluation based on the measurement of range of motion and subjective perceptions.  
4.2.1 The data obtained can be used to evaluate the ROM of the test participant while wearing a protective clothing ensemble.  
4.2.2 The data are also potentially useful in the research and development of advanced ensembles that are designed for optimal mobility and comfort or reduce strain on the wearer thereby reducing the potential injury associated with wearing the protective clothing ensemble.  
4.2.3 The data are also potentially useful for first responder organizations to compare the ROM while wearing different ensembles.  
4.2.4 This practice could also be used by consensus standards organizations in the development of ergonomic test criteria for protective ensembles.  
4.3 Departures from the instructions in this practice have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning mobility of body joints, subjective evaluations, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this practice are significant. All departures must be reported with the results.
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1.3 To increase safety during testing, this practice requires the use of human participants who meet specific health and physical fitness requirements.  
1.4 This practice does not attempt to determine other clothing characteristics, such as thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of the protective clothing ensemble. Test Methods F1291 and F2370 can be used for these measurements.  
1.5 The values stated in this standard shall be SI units.  
1.6 It is the responsibility of the test laboratory to obtain the necessary and appropriate approval(s) required by their institution for conducting tests using human participants.  
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ASTM F1959/F1959M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.  
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.  
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.  
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2732-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to measure the insulation provided by a cold weather clothing garment or garment system using a heated manikin (see Test Method F1291) and to predict the temperature rating for comfort at two activity levels using whole-body heat loss models.  
4.1.1 The temperature rating is for an ensemble—not an individual garment. However, manufacturers want to label cold weather garments or garment systems with a temperature rating to help consumers select the product that will best meet their needs. Therefore, the insulation of a garment or garment system is measured with a standard base ensemble. Furthermore, the standard is limited to garments that cover a substantial amount of body surface area such as jackets, coats, insulated pants, coveralls, or snow suits. The temperature ratings of headwear, footwear, and handwear cannot be determined with this practice.  
4.1.2 The temperature predictions determined by this standard practice are for adults only. The physiology of children is significantly different from that of adults, so a modified heat loss model needs to be used to predict the comfort of children wearing outdoor clothing.5  
4.1.3 The temperature ratings determined by this standard practice and listed on garment labels are only guidelines for comfort and will be affected by the garments consumers wear with them, their activity level during wear, and individual differences in the physiological characteristics of people (for example, gender, age, body mass, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice covers the determination of the temperature rating of a cold weather protective clothing garment or system of garments when worn with one of two base ensembles. It involves measuring the thermal resistance (insulation) value of a clothing ensemble (base ensemble plus the garment or garment system being evaluated) with a heated manikin in accordance with Test Method F1291. The result is used in a heat loss model to predict the lowest environmental temperature for comfort.  
1.2 The predictive model used in this standard estimates the evaporative heat loss from a person wearing cold weather clothing as opposed to measuring the evaporative resistance on a sweating manikin. If a person is active and gets overheated in a cold environment, he/she is usually able to adjust the garments to dissipate excess heat.  
1.3 The temperature ratings estimated by this standard practice are guidelines for thermal comfort, determined from a whole-body heat loss model (see Annex A1). Therefore, localized cooling, discomfort, and even frostbite could still occur at extremely low temperatures because clothing insulation is not evenly distributed over the body surface. In addition, some body parts (for example, ears, fingers, toes) have a high surface area relative to their mass, and consequently lose heat at a faster rate than other parts of the body.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3996-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Knit Swimwear Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3996 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warp knitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7268-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Seamless Knit Garments Including Intimates and Swimwear

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in seamless knit garments, including camisoles, panties, slips, girdles and swimwear. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of seamless knit garments: bursting strength, colorfastness to laundering, colorfastness to drycleaning, colorfastness to crocking, colorfastness to light, colorfastness to perspiration, colorfastness to intimates, colorfastness to sea water, colorfastness to chlorinated pool water, colorfastness to chlorine and non-chlorine bleach, dimensional change, stretch, flammability, garnet twist, and fiber content.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, seamless knit garments intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 4.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in seamless knit garments, including camisoles, panties, slips, girdles and swimwear.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4232-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Woven Career Apparel Fabrics: Dress and Vocational

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this performance specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that where more critical requirements call for higher performance levels, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. One or more of the requirements may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4232 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance requirements for woven fabrics for career apparel: dress and vocational.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to career apparel fabrics that do not patently fit the category of Career Dress Apparel. Performance specifications for such fabrics should be as agreed to between the purchaser and the seller. This performance specification is not applicable to overcoat or topcoat uniform fabrics.  
1.3 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4118-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Woven Coverall, Dungaree, Overall, and Shop-Coat Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this performance specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4118 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers, to be used in the manufacture of coveralls, dungarees, overalls and shop coats.  
1.2 This performance specification recognizes two levels of wearing severity relative to performance requirements for these fabrics.  
1.3 This performance specification is not applicable to woven fabrics intended for use in the manufacture of industrial-protective clothing.  
1.4 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
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