ASTM E1109-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors.
5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1109 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulk 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms common to waste
density of various fractions from the resource recovery pro- and waste management used in this test method, refer to
cessing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of Terminology D5681.
characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
designers of solid waste processing plants.
3.2.1 bulk density—the mass per unit volume of particulate
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as matter. Bulk density is not an absolute material property as is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information the density of individual particles of a material. The bulk
only. density depends on the size of the container and how the
material is loaded into the container. For example, the bulk
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
density of material placed loosely in a container will be less
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
than that of material tamped into a container. Also, some
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
materials placed loosely in a container will settle with time due
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to its own weight; thus, its bulk density will increase.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Asample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
container of known volume and then weighed. Bulk density is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
calculated from the weight of the contents and volume of the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
container.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
waste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes the
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource
to Testing Size
recovery separators and processors.
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of 6. Apparatus
Resource-Recovery Unit Operations
6.1 Balance—Abalance or scale accurate to within 0.1 % of
the test load at any point within the range of use. The range of
use shall be considered to extend from the weight of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
measure empty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
6.2 Cubical Measure, with internal dimensions approxi-
Current edition approved May 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
mately 60 by 60 by 60 cm (24 by 24 by 24 in.), provided with
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1109 – 86 (2009).
handles. The interior surfaces of the measure shall be nonab-
DOI: 10.1520/E1109-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sorbent to moisture.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 1—A satisfactory weigh box has been constructed of 2.0-cm
3
the ASTM website. ( ⁄4-in.) exterior grade plywood with the finished surface on the inside.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1109 − 18
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Reinforcing strips approximately 5 cm (2 in.) wide and 1.3 cm ( ⁄2 in.)
9.3 Select a test specimen at random from the four and fill
thick were fastened to the outside walls, two of them in a way to provide
the weigh box to overflowing, taking special care to avoid
handles.
segr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1109 − 86 (Reapproved 2009) E1109 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines may be used to determine the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery
processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to
designers of solid waste processing plants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary information is given in Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C702C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of Resource-Recovery Unit Operations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms common to waste and waste management used in this test method, refer to
Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bulk density—the mass per unit volume of particulate matter. Bulk density is not an absolute material property as is the
density of individual particles of a material. The bulk density depends on the size of the container and how the material is loaded
into the container. For example, the bulk density of material placed loosely in a container will be less than that of material tamped
into a container. Also, some materials placed loosely in a container will settle with time due to its own weight; thus, its bulk density
will increase.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A sample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubical container of known volume and then weighed. Bulk density is
calculated from the weight of the contents and volume of the container.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities;facilities, a property that characterizes
the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009May 15, 2018. Published November 2009June 2018. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
E1109–86(2004).E1109 – 86 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/E1109-86R09.10.1520/E1109-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1109 − 18
5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance—A balance or scale accurate to within 0.1%0.1 % of the test load at any point within the range of use. The range
of use shall be considered to extend from the weight of the measure empty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.
6.2 Cubical Measure, with internal dimensions approximately 60 by 60 by 60 cm (24 by 24 by 24 in.)in.), provided with
handles. The interior surfaces o
...
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