ASTM C31/C31M-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for making, and curing test specimens in the field. This practice also provides requirements for transporting test specimens to the laboratory, and for curing test specimens in the laboratory. Depending on their purpose, test specimens are either standard-cured, or field-cured.
4.2 Uses of the test results of standard-cured test specimens include the following purposes:
4.2.1 Acceptance testing for specified concrete strength,
Note 2: Specification C94/C94M requires compressive-strength test specimens for acceptance to be standard-cured.
4.2.2 Checking adequacy of mixture proportions for concrete strength, and
4.2.3 Quality control.
4.3 Uses of test results of field-cured test specimens include:
4.3.1 Estimation of the in place concrete strength,
4.3.2 Comparison with test results of standard cured specimens or with test results from various in-place test methods,
4.3.3 Adequacy of curing and protection of concrete in the structure,
4.3.4 Form or shoring removal time requirements, or
4.3.5 Post-tensioning.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing cylinder and beam specimens from representative samples of fresh concrete for a construction project.
1.2 This practice is not intended for making specimens from concrete not having measurable slump or requiring other sizes or shapes of specimens.
1.3 This practice is not applicable to lightweight insulating concrete or controlled low strength material (CLSM).
Note 1: Test Method C495/C495M covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete. Test Method D4832 covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of CLSM.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C31/C31M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C31/C31M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cylinder and beam specimens from representative samples of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fresh concrete for a construction project.
1.2 This practice is not intended for making specimens from
2. Referenced Documents
concrete not having measurable slump or requiring other sizes
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or shapes of specimens.
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
1.3 This practice is not applicable to lightweight insulating
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
concrete or controlled low strength material (CLSM).
gregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
NOTE 1—Test Method C495/C495M covers the preparation of speci-
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
mens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight
insulating concrete. Test Method D4832 covers procedures for the C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens
Concrete
of CLSM.
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units crete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each Concrete by the Volumetric Method
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance Concrete by the Pressure Method
with the standard.
C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Test Cylinders Vertically
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C495/C495M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
Lightweight Insulating Concrete
and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon
2
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
prolonged exposure. )
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as
C617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete
requirements of the standard.
Specimens
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
Testing Agency Evaluation
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61
on Testing for Strength.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
3
in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C31/C31M–22. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C0031_C0031M-23. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C31/C31M − 22 C31/C31M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C31/C31M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing cylinder and beam specimens from representative samples of fresh
concrete for a construction project.
1.2 The concrete used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture
proportions, including the addition of mix water and admixtures. This practice is not intended for making specimens from concrete
not having measurable slump or requiring other sizes or shapes of specimens.
1.3 This practice is not applicable to lightweight insulating concrete or controlled low strength material (CLSM).
NOTE 1—Test Method C495/C495M covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating
concrete. Test Method D4832 covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of CLSM.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns
2
to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as
requirements of the standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 on Testing
for Strength.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022June 1, 2023. Published August 2022July 2023. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as
C31/C31M–21a. DOI: 10.1520/C0031_C0031M-22.–22. DOI: 10.1520/C0031_C0031M-23.
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C31/C31M − 23
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically
C495/C495M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Lightweight Insulating Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C617/C617M Practice for Capp
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C31/C31M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C31/C31M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cylinder and beam specimens from representative samples of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fresh concrete for a construction project.
1.2 This practice is not intended for making specimens from
2. Referenced Documents
concrete not having measurable slump or requiring other sizes 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or shapes of specimens.
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
1.3 This practice is not applicable to lightweight insulating
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
concrete or controlled low strength material (CLSM).
gregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
NOTE 1—Test Method C495/C495M covers the preparation of speci-
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
mens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
insulating concrete. Test Method D4832 covers procedures for the
preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens
Concrete
of CLSM.
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
crete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Concrete by the Pressure Method
with the standard.
C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Test Cylinders Vertically
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C495/C495M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
Lightweight Insulating Concrete
and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon
2
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
prolonged exposure. )
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as
C617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete
requirements of the standard.
Specimens
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
Testing Agency Evaluation
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61
on Testing for Strength.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
3
in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C31/C31M–22. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C0031_C0031M-23. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C31/C31M − 23
C1611/C1611M Test Met
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