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ASTM D3686-20

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)

Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Promulgations by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain organic compounds must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with Test Method D3687, will provide the needed accuracy and precision for the determination of airborne time-weighted average concentrations of many of the organic chemicals including but not limited to CDC-99-74-45, HSM-99-71-31, NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 29 CFR 1910.1000, OSHA Chemical Sampling Information, OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, and HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances.  
5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this method is applicable is given in Annex A1, along with their OSHA permissible exposure limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of atmospheres to determine the presence of certain organic vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a worker. A list of some of the organic chemical vapors that can be sampled by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is presented as an information guide and should not be considered as absolute or complete.  
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or other adsorption media.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
29-Feb-2020
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4597-10(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D5197-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4766-21 - Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D6196-23 - Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4861-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D5836-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres (1-2 PP Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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ASTM D3686-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)ASTM D3686-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3686 − 20
Standard Practice for
Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound
1
Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3687 Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compound
Vapors Collected by theActivated CharcoalTubeAdsorp-
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of
tion Method
atmospheres to determine the presence of certain organic
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a
pling Pumps
worker.Alist of some of the organic chemical vapors that can
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
be sampled by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list
3
CDC-99-74-45 Documentation of NIOSH Validation Tests
is presented as an information guide and should not be
HSM-99-71-31 Personal Sampler Pump for Charcoal
considered as absolute or complete.
3
Tubes; Final Report
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling 4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods
that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or
2.3 OSHA Standards:
other adsorption media.
29 CFR 1910 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Relating to
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Labor, U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
5
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are Administration, Department of Labor
6
provided for information only and are not considered standard. OSHA Chemical Sampling Information
7
OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.4 Other Documents:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
8
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A
3. Terminology
specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 activated charcoal, n—charcoal that has been heated
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or otherwise treated to increase its adsorptive power.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Acommon procedure is to increase the
inherent porosity of charcoal derived from biological precur-
2. Referenced Documents
sors (for example, nut shells) by steam activation. Prior to use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
3
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port
Atmospheres
Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.
5
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality. www.access.gpo.gov.
6
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally OSHAChemical Sampling Information, http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3686 – 13. DOI: toc/toc_chemsamp.html.
7
10.1520/D3686-20. OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, http://osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or toc.html.
8
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3686 − 13 D3686 − 20
Standard Practice for
Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound
1
Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of atmospheres to determine the presence of certain organic vapors by means
of adsorption on activated charcoal using a charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a worker. A list of some
of the organic chemical vapors that can be sampled by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is presented as an information
guide and should not be considered as absolute or complete.
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or other
adsorption media.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided
for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3687 Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
3
CDC-99-74-45 Documentation of NIOSH Validation Tests
3
HSM-99-71-31 Personal Sampler Pump for Charcoal Tubes; Final Report
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods,Methods Fourth Edition
2.3 OSHA Standards:
29 CFR 1910 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Relating to Labor, U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
5
Department of Labor
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information
7
OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013March 1, 2020. Published April 2013June 2020. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D3686 – 08.D3686 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D3686-13.10.1520/D3686-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.Methods, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.
5
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information, http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html.
7
OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, http://osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3686 − 20
2.4 UK Health and Safety Executive:Other Documents:
ISO/IEC 17025 Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS)General Requirements for the Competence of
8
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
9
2.5 Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschulz (BGIA):
GESTIS Analytical Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this method, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Activated ch
...

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3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3162-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution concerns and pollution control strategies. This test method derives significance from providing such determination.  
5.2 Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4).  
5.3 This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 μm region (1).2  
1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values and units in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional precautions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4323-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, environmental justice based monitoring, and for plume characterization. This test method is intended for hydrogen sulfide content up to 3000 ppbv. Measurement of hydrogen sulfide above this concentration in gaseous fuels, carbon dioxide or other gaseous matrices is described in Test Method D4084. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies, fence-line monitoring, and other source emission monitoring.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Section 9 for specific safety precautionary statements.)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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