ASTM E2115-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities
Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252.
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities.
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2022
- Technical Committee
- D22 - Air Quality
- Drafting Committee
- D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 29-Sep-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2020
- Effective Date
- 15-Mar-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2018
Overview
ASTM E2115-22 is a widely recognized standard guide developed by ASTM International for conducting lead hazard assessments in dwellings and child-occupied facilities. The primary goal of this guide is to help prevent lead poisoning in children by providing systematic procedures for identifying and reporting lead hazards in residential and childcare environments. By following ASTM E2115-22, professionals, property owners, and regulators can ensure standardized, reliable lead hazard assessments, strengthening public health protection efforts and supporting informed decisions for lead hazard control.
Key Topics
- Scope and Applicability: The guide details methods for assessing, documenting, and reporting lead hazards in both occupied and unoccupied dwellings and in other facilities frequented by children. While focused on residential and child-occupied settings, ASTM E2115-22 can also be adapted for non-residential properties when appropriate lead action levels are established.
- Assessment Process: The standard describes a systematic three-stage process:
- Pre-site activities: Preparation steps include gathering property information, preparing a specification document, and verifying assessor and laboratory qualifications.
- On-site activities: Fieldwork involves visual inspections, interviews, and environmental sampling of paint, dust, and soil.
- Post-site activities: Analyzing collected samples, identifying and cataloging hazards, and preparing comprehensive assessment reports.
- Hazard Identification: Guidance is given on recognizing various lead hazard sources such as deteriorated paint, lead-contaminated dust, and soil. The standard emphasizes focusing assessments on areas and surfaces where children live and play.
- Reporting: The guide includes procedures on how lead hazards should be documented and communicated, including risk categorization to help prioritize mitigation actions.
- Regulatory Compliance: Users are reminded of the importance of adhering to local and federal regulations, which may have specific requirements for lead action levels and assessment procedures.
Applications
ASTM E2115-22 offers practical value for a wide range of applications, including:
- Lead Risk Assessments in Housing: Ensuring rental properties, homes for sale, or childcare centers meet lead safety standards as required by federal, state, or local regulations.
- Supporting Lead Poisoning Prevention: Providing critical information to help develop and recommend effective lead hazard control strategies, directly supporting public health initiatives.
- Supplemental Evaluation for Elevated Blood Lead Cases: Assisting in environmental investigations when elevated blood lead levels are detected in children, supplementing medical and environmental reviews.
- Compliance and Due Diligence: Assisting property owners, managers, lenders, insurers, and others with a legal or financial interest in a property to identify potential liabilities and address them proactively.
- Project Planning and Hazard Mitigation: Guiding designers and project managers when planning and implementing lead hazard control or abatement activities.
Related Standards
ASTM E2115-22 is part of a network of important standards and guidelines for lead hazard assessment and management. Commonly referenced or related standards include:
- ASTM E2252: Guide for selecting hazard reduction methods for identified lead risks.
- ASTM E2255/E2255M: Practice for visual assessments of lead hazards in buildings.
- ASTM E1728/E1728M: Practice for collecting dust samples for lead determination.
- ASTM E1605, E631: Terminology and definitions related to lead in buildings and construction.
- EPA 40 CFR 745: Federal regulations on lead-based paint hazard reduction in housing and child-occupied facilities.
- HUD Guidelines: Guidelines for evaluation and control of lead-based paint hazards in housing.
- ASTM E1583: Evaluating laboratories for lead determination.
- Other ASTM practices for sample preparation and analysis: Ensure thorough and accurate environmental testing.
By adhering to ASTM E2115-22 along with these related standards, professionals and organizations can contribute to safer living and learning environments, demonstrate compliance, and support the ongoing goal of eliminating childhood lead poisoning.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM E2115-22 is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252. 5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities. 5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities. 5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children. Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7 5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels. 5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards. 5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors. Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ... SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities. 1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide. 1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included. 1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data. 1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252. 5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities. 5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities. 5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children. Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7 5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels. 5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards. 5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors. Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ... SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities. 1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide. 1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included. 1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data. 1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E2115-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM E2115-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E1729-24, ASTM E2119-24, ASTM E1727-24, ASTM E2239-24, ASTM E1728/E1728M-24, ASTM E3193-23, ASTM E1583-93, ASTM D1356-20a, ASTM D1356-20, ASTM E1728/E1728M-20, ASTM E3203-19, ASTM E3193-19, ASTM E1605-18b, ASTM E1753-18a, ASTM E1605-18a. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM E2115-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2115 − 22
Standard Guide for
Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of
Other Child-Occupied Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other
Atmospheres
child-occupied facilities.
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to
E1583 Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in De-
elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.
termination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates,
and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwell-
Structures
ings having multiple units are not included.
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-
standard.
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques (Withdrawn 2021)
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe
wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard
Samples for the Determination of Lead
for wipe sampling data.
E1645 Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be
Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead
allowed by requirements or regulations established by local
Analysis
authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the
E1726 Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate
user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and
Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis
regulations.
E1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for
Subsequent Lead Determination
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1728/E1728M Practice for Collection of Settled Dust
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Lead Determination
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E1729 Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for Subsequent Lead Determination
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Lead
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
E2051 Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint,
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling andAnalysis contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E2115 – 19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E2115-22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2115 − 22
Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-Portable develop and recommend lead hazard control options as de-
Electroanalysis (Withdrawn 2010) scribed in Practice E2252.
E2119 Practice for Quality Systems for Conducting In Situ
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or
Measurements of Lead Content in Paint or Other Coatings
unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.
Using Field-Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Devices
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by
E2239 PracticeforRecordKeepingandRecordPreservation
recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the
for Lead Hazard Activities
conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other
E2252 Practice for Selection of Lead Hazard Reduction
child-occupied facilities.
Methods for Identified Risks in Residential Housing or
Child Occupied Facilities
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment
E2255/E2255M Practice for ConductingVisualAssessments
procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead
for Lead Hazards in Buildings
(EBL) levels in young children.
E3193 Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) in Dust
NOTE 2—In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living
environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be
by Wipe, Paint, and Soil by Flame Atomic Absorption
needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing
Spectrophotometry (FAAS)
Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children, Preventing Lead
E3203 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried
Poisoning in Young Children (1991), theHUDGuidelines,and Screening
Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled
Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).
Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and
2.2 Other Documents:
for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable
40 CFR 745 Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), Lead-
for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and
Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential
other properties following agreement between assessor and
Structures (especially subparts D, L, and Q)
client on appropriate lead action levels.
HUD Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-
5.6 Thisguideisnotintendedforuseinidentifyingbuilding
Based Paint Hazards in Housing, 2nd Edition, July 2012
materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as
3. Terminology
that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities,
may result in lead hazards.
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms not appearing here,
refer to Terminologies D1356, E631, and E1605.
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards
3.1.1 lead hazard assessment, n—an investigation of build-
identified at the time the assessment was performed. The
ings and associated areas in the immediate vicinity of the
locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over
buildings conducted to determine the location, type, and
time as a result of property improvement or deterioration,
severity of lead hazards.
significant changes in property use, or other factors.
NOTE 3—The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the
4. Summary of Guide
absenceofleadhazardsbecausetestingmethodologiesarenotdesignedto
measure the total absence of lead. Small amounts of lead present in
4.1 This guide discusses the conduct of a lead hazard
building materials and components or soil may result in a hazard with
assessment, in a stepwise progression, using a systematic
changes in building conditions or as a result of activities that create dust
application of the three general tasks listed below. Simultane-
that contains lead.
ous conduct of several activities within these tasks generally is
5.8 This guide is applicable for assisting professionals,
performed.
homeowners, owners or occupants of rental property, lenders,
4.1.1 Task 1—Pre-site visit activities: Preparing for the
insurers, and others with a property interest in determining the
on-site visit.
presence of lead hazards.
4.1.2 Task 2—On-site activities: Conducting field work.
5.9 This guide also is applicable for assisting designers of
4.1.3 Task 3—Post-site visit activities: Analyzing informa-
lead hazard mitigation projects to target resources toward lead
tion and reporting.
hazard controls that are deemed most likely to result in the
NOTE 1—The procedures described in this guide are based on the
prevention of lead poisoning in young children.
hazard identification portion of a risk assessment of dwellings and other
facilities frequented by children as described in 40 CFR 745 and the HUD
6. Requirements for a Risk Assessor
Guidelines.
6.1 The reliability of a lead hazard assessment depends on
5. Significance and Use
the training, experience and knowledge of the lead Risk
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of
Assessor. Lead hazard assessments shall be carried out by Risk
children by providing standardized procedures for conducting
a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to
RecommendationsfromtheAdvisoryCommitteeonChildhoodLeadPoisoning
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), March 2002.
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:// Available from Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd.,
www.access.gpo.gov. Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, http://www.cdc.gov.
5 7
Available from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Available from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600
451 7th Street, SW, Washington DC 20410, https://www.hud.gov. Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, http://www.cdc.gov.
E2115 − 22
plumbing materials be observed during the visual inspection, particularly
Assessors qualified as required through certification or licens-
if the site is located in a susceptible geographic area.Agreement between
ing by applicable regulations promulgated by authorities hav-
the assessor and client should be reached regarding water sampling. A
ing jurisdiction.
first-draw sample that collects water that has remained in the plumbing
system undisturbed overnight may be needed. To collect this sample,
7. Conducting a Lead Hazard Assessment
eithertheRiskAssessormustobtainaccesstothesitebeforetheoccupants
use water for that day or provide the occupants with instructions and
7.1 Lead hazard assessments are conducted using a system-
materials to collect a first-draw sample themselves.
atic approach consisting of a series of activities within three
8.1.2 Cost—The cost for conducting the work, if the lead
general tasks. Although several of the activities within a task
hazard assessment is performed for compensation.
may be conducted simultaneously in this guide, they are
8.1.3 Regulatory Requirements—A summary of the appli-
discussed in a stepwise progression.
cable regulatory requirements for the lead hazard assessments
Task 1—Pre-site visit activities: Preparing for the on-site visit
and subsequent hazard mitigation procedures for the area and
Prepare a specifications document
Gather property information
structures being assessed including identification of the regu-
Prepare property profile
latory agencies having jurisdiction.
Acquire releases
8.1.3.1 Includeregulatoryleadactionlevelspromulgatedby
Assemble assessment supplies
Determine and document qualifications of personnel and laboratories
authorities having jurisdiction, as appropriate.
Prepare summary of collected information
8.1.3.2 Action levels more stringent than those promulgated
Task 2—On-site activities: Conducting field work
by the authorities having jurisdiction may be used following
Conduct visual inspection
Review collected information
agreement between assessor and client.
Conduct personal interviews
8.1.3.3 In the absence of action levels in regulations by
Summarize information
Make decision either to conduct environmental testing or to assume authorities having jurisdiction, agreement between assessor
presence of lead above action levels
and client shall be addressed prior to field work.
Conduct environmental testing
8.1.4 Personnel Qualifications—A summary of the qualifi-
Task 3—Post-site visit activities: Analyzing information and reporting
Process collected environmental samples
cations required for conduct of a lead hazard assessment as
Identify lead hazards
prescribed in regulations promulgated by authorities having
Catalog lead hazards
jurisdiction.
Prepare a Lead Hazard Assessment Summary
Prepare a Lead Hazard Assessment Report
8.1.5 Laboratory Qualifications—Laboratories analyzing
samples obtained during the assessment of lead hazards from
7.2 When applicable, ensure that all requirements of regu-
buildings or other child occupied facilities shall conform to
lations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction for
Practice E1583, or shall be recognized for lead analysis as
conduct of a lead hazard assessment are met. Consideration
promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction, or both.
should favor the application of the more stringent regulation, if
more than one applies.
NOTE 6—The United States of America requires that all laboratories
used for analysis of samples from dwellings and other child occupied
8. Task 1—Pre-Site Visit Activities: Preparing for the
facilities shall be recognized as capable of such analyses under the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Lead Laboratory Ac-
On-Site Visit
creditation Program (NLLAP).
8.1 Prepare a Specification Document—For most lead haz-
8.2 Gather Property Information—Acquire background in-
ard assessments performed for compensation, a specification
formation on the building to be assessed, as feasible, from the
document serves to define the scope of work and is used in the
client or occupants, such as:
contract between the RiskAssessor and the client (see Note 4).
8.2.1 Building construction or structural records including
Otherwise, it serves to define the scope of work for use in a
construction date,
project plan, for example, for staff work assignments. This
8.2.2 Existing floor plans,
document, at a minimum, should include:
8.2.3 Past property usage records,
NOTE 4—In most cases, this document will be generated from boiler-
8.2.4 Home inspection records,
plate materials that are modified as needed to fit the conditions and
8.2.5 Any appropriate existing environmental testing re-
requirements of the specific site being assessed, as agreed upon by the
cordssuchasaleadhazardorriskassessment,lead-basedpaint
client and assessor. It may or may not include approvals by the client or
contingencies regarding the successful receipt of signed releases for
inspection, or other lead or lead hazard testing,
information gathering from the client and occupants.
8.2.6 A statement as to the current general use of the
8.1.1 Scope—A description of the work to be performed
structure,
including a description of the area to be assessed and the
8.2.7 Thenumberofoccupants,andtheapproximateagesof
minimum number and types of environmental tests (for
children, if any, and
example, paint, dust, and soil) to be performed during the
8.2.8 Any exposure related records from the occupants of
assessment.
the structure.
NOTE 5—Some geographical areas are susceptible to lead contamina- 8.3 Prepare a Property Profile—Include in the profile, if
tioninwater.Visualinspectionofplumbingforthepresenceofpotentially
feasible:
leaded components is generally believed to be unproductive beyond a
8.3.1 Name and address of client, and relationship to prop-
generalassessmentregardingwhetherolderormodernmaterialsappearto
erty (owner, buyer, tenant, lender, insurer, and so forth),
have been used. It is recommended practice for a lead Risk Assessor to
inform the client that collection of water may be of value should older 8.3.2 Address of property assessed,
E2115 − 22
8.3.3 Description of the property assessed (home, 9.3 Review Collected Information—Review and summarize
apartment, commercial structure, and so forth), the visual assessment data and previously collected informa-
8.3.4 Age of property, tion to provide an improved frame of reference for conducting
8.3.5 Past, current, or planned renovations or repainting, personal interviews.
8.3.6 Existing lead testing, or inspection reports or previous
9.4 Conduct Personal Interviews—Personal interviews with
Lead Hazard Assessment Reports, or a combination thereof,
the occupants of the dwelling or with occupants of other
8.3.7 Incidents of lead poisoning in the property,
child-occupied facilities are recommended to better understand
8.3.8 Repairormaintenanceworkordersofactivityrecently
the use and use patterns of the dwelling or facility being
carried out, and
assessed. If personal interviews with the occupants cannot be
8.3.9 Other information on sources of lead in the property.
conducted, then, if possible, conduct interviews with persons
8.4 Acquire Releases—Acquire signed permission releases familiarwiththedwellingorfacilitytobeassessed,suchasthe
needed to enter the property to conduct the lead hazard owner, previous occupants, neighbors, or maintenance person-
assessment, as necessary. Examples of such releases include: nel.Ifinterviewsarenotpossible,useprofessionaljudgmentto
makeassumptionsregardingchildren’suseorusepatternswith
8.4.1 Permission to enter the property,
8.4.2 Permission to acquire and review available property respect to both interior and exterior areas. The use pattern
construction records, inspection records, previous lead hazard information is used in assigning a potential lead-risk hazard
assessment or risk assessment records, and any other records category to each item identified as a lead hazard.
appropriate to the conduct of the lead hazard assessment, 9.4.1 Interview Questions—Attempt to get answers to as
8.4.3 Permissiontoconductdustsampling,soilsampling,in many of the questions shown in Table 1 as possible. Table 1 is
situ paint testing, water sampling, and any intrusive paint chip not an exhaustive list and should be supplemented with
sampling deemed necessary or appropriate, and additional questions deemed necessary to provide useful infor-
8.4.4 Permission to conduct interviews of the client, the mation regarding the use and use patterns of the building. Use
client’s personnel, and of occupants, as appropriate. of pre-configured interview questionnaire forms with columns
provided to record answers and other observations can provide
8.5 Assemble Assessment Supplies—Assemble, inventory,
a convenient method of recording interview data minimizing
and pack for shipment to the assessment site testing and
the need for extensive writing during the next review and
sampling materials and protocols that may be needed during
summarization step.
the lead hazard assessment.
9.5 Summarize Information—Summarize all interview and
8.6 Determine and Document Qualifications of Personnel
other previously collected information to assist in determining
and Laboratories:
living areas and locations within the living areas for environ-
8.6.1 Document that all personnel to be involved in the
mental testing.
assessment meet the requirements in 8.1.4. Include in the
9.5.1 Note on the floor or site plan the potential hazards that
documentation copies of appropriate licenses and certifica-
residents may frequently contact based on use patterns for
tions.
suitable locations for environmental testing.
8.6.2 Document that all laboratories to be used for analysis
of environmental samples meet the requirements in 8.1.5.
9.6 Make Decision either to Conduct Environmental Testing
Include in the documentation copies of appropriate licenses or to Assume Presence of Lead above Action Levels:
and certifications. See Note 6.
9.6.1 For suspected lead hazards listed in the paint/dust/
debris or ground data forms, an assumption that lead is present
8.7 Prepare Summary of Collected Information—Reviewall
above the applicable regulatory action level may be made with
the information obtained and prepare a summary to use in
the permission of the client. However, environmental testing is
making decisions during the on-site visit. Attach signed per-
needed to determine the absence of lead hazards.
mission releases to the summary for quick reference. At a
9.6.2 If lead hazards are assumed to be present, go to 10.4.
minimum, the summary should list physical locations targeted
for environmental testing.
9.7 Conduct Environmental Testing—Determine whether
the testing guidelines given in this section meet the require-
9. Task 2—On-Site Activities: Conducting Field Work
ments of regulations promulgated by authorities having juris-
diction. If not, make appropriate changes to the guidelines
9.1 General Conduct of Field Work:
given.Also consider testing areas that potentially represent the
9.2 Conduct Visual Inspection—Conduct a visual inspection
greatest lead risks as identified in 9.5.1. This approach to
of the area to be assessed in accordance with Practice E2255/
sampling provides for the potential identification of worst-case
E2255M to identify suspected lead hazards.
situations as opposed to a sampling design having an objective
9.2.1 Ensure that each potential friction surface (for
of identifying average situations.
example,sashandsillofadoublehungoperablew
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2115 − 19 E2115 − 22
Standard Guide for
Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of
Other Child-Occupied Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other
child-occupied facilities.
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead
levels in blood are not included in this guide.
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe
sampling data.
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities
having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and Analysis,Analysis
of Lead,Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2019November 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20152019
as E2115 – 15.E2115 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/E2115-19.10.1520/E2115-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2115 − 22
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1583 Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil
Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques
(Withdrawn 2021)
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead
E1645 Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis
E1726 Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis
E1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
E1728/E1728M Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead
Determination
E1729 Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust, Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of Lead
E2051 Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint, Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-Portable Electroanalysis
(Withdrawn 2010)
E2119 Practice for Quality Systems for Conducting In Situ Measurements of Lead Content in Paint or Other Coatings Using
Field-Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Devices
E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities
E2252 Practice for Selection of Lead Hazard Reduction Methods for Identified Risks in Residential Housing or Child Occupied
Facilities
E2255/E2255M Practice for Conducting Visual Assessments for Lead Hazards in Buildings
E3193 Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) in Dust by Wipe, Paint, and Soil by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry (FAAS)
E3203 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical
Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
2.2 Other Documents:
40 CFR 745 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential Structures
(especially subparts D, L, and Q)
HUD Guidelines Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing, 2nd Edition, July 2012
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms not appearing here, refer to Terminologies D1356, E631, and E1605.
3.1.1 lead hazard assessment, n—an investigation of buildings and associated areas in the immediate vicinity of the buildings
conducted to determine the location, type, and severity of lead hazards.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide discusses the conduct of a lead hazard assessment, in a stepwise progression, using a systematic application of the
three general tasks listed below. Simultaneous conduct of several activities within these tasks generally is performed.
4.1.1 Task 1—Pre-site visit activities: Preparing for the on-site visit.
4.1.2 Task 2—On-site activities: Conducting field work.
4.1.3 Task 3—Post-site visit activities: Analyzing information and reporting.
NOTE 1—The procedures described in this guide are based on the hazard identification portion of a risk assessment of dwellings and other facilities
frequented by children as described in 40 CFR 745 and the HUD Guidelines.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.access.gpo.gov.
Available from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 451 7th Street, SW, Washington DC 20410, https://www.hud.gov.
E2115 − 22
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead
hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in
Practice E2252.
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct
of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities.
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels
in young children.
NOTE 2—In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed.
Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children, Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young
7 7
Children (1991), the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead
hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on
appropriate lead action levels.
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that
which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations,
types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes
in property use, or other factors.
NOTE 3—The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of lead hazards because testing methodologies are not designed to measure
the total absence of lead. Small amounts of lead present in building materials and components or soil may result in a hazard with changes in building
conditions or as a result of activities that create dust that contains lead.
5.8 This guide is applicable for assisting professionals, homeowners, owners or occupants of rental property, lenders, insurers, and
others with a property interest in determining the presence of lead hazards.
5.9 This guide also is applicable for assisting designers of lead hazard mitigation projects to target resources toward lead hazard
controls that are deemed most likely to result in the prevention of lead poisoning in young children.
6. Requirements for a Risk Assessor
6.1 The reliability of a lead hazard assessment depends on the training, experience and knowledge of the lead Risk Assessor. Lead
hazard assessments shall be carried out by Risk Assessors qualified as required through certification or licensing by applicable
regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction.
7. Conducting a Lead Hazard Assessment
7.1 Lead hazard assessments are conducted using a systematic approach consisting of a series of activities within three general
tasks. Although several of the activities within a task may be conducted simultaneously in this guide, they are discussed in a
stepwise progression.
Task 1—Pre-site visit activities: Preparing for the on-site visit
Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), March 2002. Available
from Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, http://www.cdc.gov.
Available from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, http://www.cdc.gov.
E2115 − 22
Prepare a specifications document
Gather property information
Prepare property profile
Acquire releases
Assemble assessment supplies
Determine and document qualifications of personnel and laboratories
Prepare summary of collected information
Task 2—On-site activities: Conducting field work
Conduct visual inspection
Review collected information
Conduct personal interviews
Summarize information
Make decision either to conduct environmental testing or to assume
presence of lead above action levels
Conduct environmental testing
Task 3—Post-site visit activities: Analyzing information and reporting
Process collected environmental samples
Identify lead hazards
Catalog lead hazards
Prepare a Lead Hazard Assessment Summary
Prepare a Lead Hazard Assessment Report
7.2 When applicable, ensure that all requirements of regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction for conduct of a
lead hazard assessment are met. Consideration should favor the application of the more stringent regulation, if more than one
applies.
8. Task 1—Pre-Site Visit Activities: Preparing for the On-Site Visit
8.1 Prepare a Specification Document—For most lead hazard assessments performed for compensation, a specification document
serves to define the scope of work and is used in the contract between the Risk Assessor and the client (see Note 4). Otherwise,
it serves to define the scope of work for use in a project plan, for example, for staff work assignments. This document, at a
minimum, should include:
NOTE 4—In most cases, this document will be generated from boilerplate materials that are modified as needed to fit the conditions and requirements of
the specific site being assessed, as agreed upon by the client and assessor. It may or may not include approvals by the client or contingencies regarding
the successful receipt of signed releases for information gathering from the client and occupants.
8.1.1 Scope—A description of the work to be performed including a description of the area to be assessed and the minimum
number and types of environmental tests (for example, paint, dust, and soil) to be performed during the assessment.
NOTE 5—Some geographical areas are susceptible to lead contamination in water. Visual inspection of plumbing for the presence of potentially leaded
components is generally believed to be unproductive beyond a general assessment regarding whether older or modern materials appear to have been used.
It is recommended practice for a lead Risk Assessor to inform the client that collection of water may be of value should older plumbing materials be
observed during the visual inspection, particularly if the site is located in a susceptible geographic area. Agreement between the assessor and client should
be reached regarding water sampling. A first-draw sample that collects water that has remained in the plumbing system undisturbed overnight may be
needed. To collect this sample, either the Risk Assessor must obtain access to the site before the occupants use water for that day or provide the occupants
with instructions and materials to collect a first-draw sample themselves.
8.1.2 Cost—The cost for conducting the work, if the lead hazard assessment is performed for compensation.
8.1.3 Regulatory Requirements—A summary of the applicable regulatory requirements for the lead hazard assessments and
subsequent hazard mitigation procedures for the area and structures being assessed including identification of the regulatory
agencies having jurisdiction.
8.1.3.1 Include regulatory lead action levels promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction, as appropriate.
8.1.3.2 Action levels more stringent than those promulgated by the authorities having jurisdiction may be used following
agreement between assessor and client.
8.1.3.3 In the absence of action levels in regulations by authorities having jurisdiction, agreement between assessor and client shall
be addressed prior to field work.
E2115 − 22
8.1.4 Personnel Qualifications—A summary of the qualifications required for conduct of a lead hazard assessment as prescribed
in regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction.
8.1.5 Laboratory Qualifications—Laboratories analyzing samples obtained during the assessment of lead hazards from buildings
or other child occupied facilities shall conform to Practice E1583, or shall be recognized for lead analysis as promulgated by
authorities having jurisdiction, or both.
NOTE 6—In the The United States of America, America requires that all laboratories used for analysis of samples from dwellings and other child occupied
facilities shall be recognized as capable of such analyses under the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Lead Laboratory Accreditation
Program (NLLAP).
8.2 Gather Property Information—Acquire background information on the building to be assessed, as feasible, from the client or
occupants, such as:
8.2.1 Building construction or structural records including construction date,
8.2.2 Existing floor plans,
8.2.3 Past property usage records,
8.2.4 Home inspection records,
8.2.5 Any appropriate existing environmental testing records such as a lead hazard or risk assessment, lead-based paint inspection,
or other lead or lead hazard testing,
8.2.6 A statement as to the current general use of the structure,
8.2.7 The number of occupants, and the approximate ages of children, if any, and
8.2.8 Any exposure related records from the occupants of the structure.
8.3 Prepare a Property Profile—Include in the profile, if feasible:
8.3.1 Name and address of client, and relationship to property (owner, buyer, tenant, lender, insurer, and so forth),
8.3.2 Address of property assessed,
8.3.3 Description of the property assessed (home, apartment, commercial structure, and so forth),
8.3.4 Age of property,
8.3.5 Past, current, or planned renovations or repainting,
8.3.6 Existing lead testing, or inspection reports or previous Lead Hazard Assessment Reports, or a combination thereof,
8.3.7 Incidents of lead poisoning in the property,
8.3.8 Repair or maintenance work orders of activity recently carried out, and
8.3.9 Other information on sources of lead in the property.
8.4 Acquire Releases—Acquire signed permission releases needed to enter the property to conduct the lead hazard assessment, as
necessary. Examples of such releases include:
8.4.1 Permission to enter the property,
E2115 − 22
8.4.2 Permission to acquire and review available property construction records, inspection records, previous lead hazard
assessment or risk assessment records, and any other records appropriate to the conduct of the lead hazard assessment,
8.4.3 Permission to conduct dust sampling, soil sampling, in situ paint testing, water sampling, and any intrusive paint chip
sampling deemed necessary or appropriate, and
8.4.4 Permission to conduct interviews of the client, the client’s personnel, and of occupants, as appropriate.
8.5 Assemble Assessment Supplies—Assemble, inventory, and pack for shipment to the assessment site testing and sampling
materials and protocols that may be needed during the lead hazard assessment.
8.6 Determine and Document Qualifications of Personnel and Laboratories:
8.6.1 Document that all personnel to be involved in the assessment meet the requirements in 8.1.4. Include in the documentation
copies of appropriate licenses and certifications.
8.6.2 Document that all laboratories to be used for analysis of environmental samples meet the requirements in 8.1.5. Include in
the documentation copies of appropriate licenses and certifications. See Note 6.
8.7 Prepare Summary of Collected Information—Review all the information obtained and prepare a summary to use in making
decisions during the on-site visit. Attach signed permission releases to the summary for quick reference. At a minimum, the
summary should list physical locations targeted for environmental testing.
9. Task 2—On-Site Activities: Conducting Field Work
9.1 General Conduct of Field Work:
9.2 Conduct Visual Inspection—Conduct a visual inspection of the area to be assessed in accordance with Practice E2255/E2255M
to identify suspected lead hazards.
9.2.1 Ensure that each potential friction surface (for example, sash and sill of a double hung operable window, jamb or frame of
a door, and painted floor or stair tread) is assessed for evidence of abrasion.
9.2.2 Ensure that each potential impact surface (for example, door and door jamb) is assessed for damaged paint.
9.2.3 Ensure that each potential chewable surface (for example, interior window sill) is assessed for damaged paint.
9.3 Review Collected Information—Review and summarize the visual assessment data and previously collected information to
provide an improved frame of reference for conducting personal interviews.
9.4 Conduct Personal Interviews—Personal interviews with the occupants of the dwelling or with occupants of other
child-occupied facilities are recommended to better understand the use and use patterns of the dwelling or facility being assessed.
If personal interviews with the occupants cannot be conducted, then, if possible, conduct interviews with persons familiar with the
dwelling or facility to be assessed, such as the owner, previous occupants, neighbors, or maintenance personnel. If interviews are
not possible, use professional judgment to make assumptions regarding children’s use or use patterns with respect to both interior
and exterior areas. The use pattern information is used in assigning a potential lead-risk hazard category to each item identified
as a lead hazard.
9.4.1 Interview Questions—Attempt to get answers to as many of the questions shown in Table 1 as possible. Table 1 is not an
exhaustive list and should be supplemented with additional questions deemed necessary to provide useful information regarding
the use and use patterns of the building. Use of pre-configured interview questionnaire forms with columns provided to record
answers and other observations can provide a convenient method of recording interview data minimizing the need for extensive
writing during the next review and summarization step.
E2115 − 22
TABLE 1 Standard Interview Questions
Category Question
Demographic Do you have any children?
Are any children living here?
What are their ages?
Have any of the children had an elevated blood lead level?
Behavior Do any children often put their hands into their mouths?
Do any children often put non-food items into their mouths?
Do any children tend to mouth any painted surfaces, such as window sills, furniture or toys?
Housing conditions (Other than what was observed) are you aware of any deteriorated paint, any paint that is being abraded, or any painted surfaces subject
to impact?
Has any paint, dust, soil, water or other media been tested? Tested for lead? Do you have the results?
Are you aware of any plumbing or roof leaks or other moisture penetration into the home?
Are there any signs of paint chips in the exterior soil?
Are there any window air conditioners or any windows that may have previously had a window air conditioner?
Are there any other painted structures on proper
...
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