ASTM D2582-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
Standard Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic tear resistance of plastic film and thin sheeting subjected to end-use snagging-type hazards.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2582 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and
Thin Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy- 4.1 The puncture-propagation of tear test measures the
namic tear resistance of plastic film and thin sheeting subjected resistance of a material to snagging, or more precisely, to
to end-use snagging-type hazards. dynamic puncture and propagation of that puncture resulting in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the a tear. Failures due to snagging occur in a variety of end uses,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information including industrial bags, liners, and tarpaulins. The units
only. reported in this test method are Newtons (tear resistance).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Experience has shown that for many materials puncture
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the does not contribute significantly to the force value determined,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- due to the sharpness of the propagating probe used. However,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- comparing the results of prepunctured test specimens with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. normal nonpunctured specimens will give an indication of the
extent of any puncture resistance in the reported result.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO test method.
4.3 For many materials, there may be a specification that
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
2. Referenced Documents
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
2 specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-
Insulating Materials for Testing
2 fication System D 4000 lists the current ASTM materials
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
standards.
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
rials
5. Apparatus
D 4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards
5.1 As shown in Fig. 1, the instrument consists of:
D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
5.1.1 Carriages of different weight, each with a pointed
Plastic Specimens
probe. Each carriage weight shall have a tolerance of 61% of
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
the weight desired.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.1.2 A test stand including:
5.1.2.1 Carriage release mechanism,
3. Terminology
5.1.2.2 Scale marked in millimetres,
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1.2.3 Curved specimen holder with a tear slot and five
3.1.1 slit tear—a single tear parallel to the direction of the
clamps,
falling carriage.
5.1.2.4 Drop base with a guide channel to accommodate the
3.1.2 “V” tear— a tear that has two individual tear legs (not
carriage wheels, and
necessarily of equal length) radiating approximately 645°
5.1.2.5 Bubble level to level the base.
from the point the tear was initiated.
5.2 The standard drop height is 508 mm (20.0 in.); however,
it can be varied to suit the desired end-use-rate condition. See
10.3 for an alternative method for calculating tear resistance
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
for heights other than 508 mm.
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
5.3 The probe is a 3.18-mm (0.125-in.) diameter drill rod
published as D 2582 – 67. Last previous edition D 2582 – 93.
2 having one end a truncated cone, the short base 0.40 mm
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
(0.016 in.) in diameter, with a 30° included angle so that most
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2582
to (1) MD, the machine direction and (2) TD, the transverse
direction, respectively, of the material being tested. Enough
specimens shall be cut in each direction to provide for a
minimum of five tears.
7. Preparation and Calibration of Apparatus
7.1 Level the base of the tester by centering the spirit level
bubble by adjustment of the leveling legs.
7.2 Check “sharpness” of probes by visual observation
under a magnifying glass. If the short base end is not 0.40 mm
(0.016 in.) in diameter or any burrs, nicks, or distortions are
noted, or both, replace the probe.
7.3 Check the length of the probes by inserting each
carriage in turn in the guide channel and lowering to the
alignment mark on the curved specimen holder. The point of
the probe should be aligned with this mark.
7.4 Measure the vertical drop height from the specimen
holder mark, located near the tear slot, to the horizontal mark
on the carriage release mechanism. Adjust the selected height
to the nearest 2 mm (0.078 in.). The standard drop height is 508
6 2 mm.
7.5 Check the alignment of the specimen holder receiving
H—drop height, mm slot by lowering a carriage with its probe extending into the
L—tear length, mm
slot, up and down the slot length. The probe should be
F—force required to produce L, kgf
centered, that is, not touching either edge of the slot.
W—weight of carriage, kg
FIG. 1 Puncture-Propagation of Tear Tester
8. Conditioning
8.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
of the tear is propagated against the body of the rod. See Fig. 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
2.
than 40 hours prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
5.4 Thickness Gage— a dead-weight micrometer as de-
Practice D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required.
scribed in Test Method C of Test Method D 5947, or an
In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 6 1°C
equivalent measuring device, reading to 0.0025 mm (0.0001
(61.8°F) and 62 % relative humidity.
in.) or less.
8.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-
tory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5%
6. Test Specimen
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the material
6.1 Specimens can be cut in any rectangular shape so long specification. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be
61°C (61.8°F) and 62 % relative humidity.
as they are approximately 200 mm (8.0 in.) long in the
direction of tear and can be held by all five clamps. Multiple
9. Procedure
tears can be made on a single sheet provided a minimum
9.1 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen
separation of 25 mm (1 in.) is maintained between tears.
tested. Read the thickness to 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) or better,
6.2 Two sets of specimens shall be cut from each sample
except for sheeting greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), which
such that the direction of tear, during the test, will be parallel
shall be measured to a precision of 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or
better.
9.2 Secure the specimen in the holder by placing it under the
clamps and setting the clamp lever to the down position. The
specimen should drape against the holder contour. Stiffer
materials should be loosely held adjacent to the holder. Each
clamp should apply sufficient pressure to prevent any specimen
slippage.
9.3 By trial and error, select the carriage that produces a
minimum tear length of 40 mm and does not bottom-out
against the drop base. Lower selected carriage until the probe
point touches but does not indent the specimen. Adjust the tear
length indicating rod to “0” on the scale located on the guide
channel.
9.4 Place the selected carriage in the release mechanism.
FIG. 2 Short Base Probe 9.5 Cock the release mechanism on the left side and release
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2582
the carriage by pushing the button on the front of the release
where:
mechanism.
s = estimated standard deviation,
X = value of single observation,
9.6 Read the tear length to the nearest 0.5 mm.
n = number of observations, and
9.7 Raise the carriage by pulling the handle on the left side
¯
X = arithmetic mean of the set of observations.
of the guide channel.
9.8 After the carriage has stopped its upward movement,
11. Report
relocate it in the release mechanism by pushing the carriage up
11.1 Report the following information:
in the guide channel by hand. (When the handle is released, the
11.1.1 Complete identification of the sample tested,
carriage-raising mechanism should return to the bottom of the
11.1.2 Average tear resistance for the direction tested,
guide channel. However, check before releasing the carriage
11.1.3 Drop heig
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