ASTM D2983-04a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of gear oils, automatic transmission fluids, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils, Annex A4, are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids are often used to specify their acceptability. This test method is used in a number of specifications.
This test method describes how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with either interpolation or extrapolation of experimental data.
Note 1—Viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation are subject to errors caused by gelation or non-Newtonian response to rotor speed, or both. Only in the case of known Newtonian oils is interpolation acceptable for the purpose of calibrating the rotor and glass cell. If such viscosity versus temperature plots are required, they can be made by the procedure outlined in Annex A1.
Note—Adapted from drawings of Brookfield Engineering Laboratories. FIG. 1 Diagram of No. 4 LV Cylindrical Spindle
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of the Brookfield viscometer and a low-temperature bath for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test may operate in the viscosity range of 500 to 1 000 000 mPas (cP). The bath-controlled temperature is selected within the range of +5 to -40°C.
1.2 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPas), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPas).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2983 – 04a
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by
1
Brookfield Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* spindle speed (shear rate) of the Brookfield viscometer if the
lubricantisnon-Newtonianatlowtemperatures.SeeAppendix
1.1 This test method covers the use of the Brookfield
X1 for a brief explanation.
viscometerandalow-temperaturebathforthedeterminationof
,
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3.1.2 reference viscosity —the viscosity of a Newtonian
thelow-shear-rateviscosityoflubricants.Thetestmayoperate
standard reference fluid specified at each of several user-
in the viscosity range of 500 to 1000000 mPa·s (cP). The
specified temperatures. Reference viscosities of typical stan-
bath-controlled temperature is selected within the range of +5°
dard reference fluids are listed in Appendix X2.
to –40°C.
1.2 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second
4. Summary of Test Method
(mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
4.1 A lubricant fluid sample is preheated, allowed to stabi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lizeatroomtemperature,andthenpouredintoaglasscellwith
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
aspecialspindle.Theglasscellisthenplacedintoapre-cooled
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
coldcabinetsetatapredeterminedtesttemperaturebetween+5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to–40°Cfor16h.Thenaviscometerisutilizedthatrotatesthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specified spindle within the sample at the speed giving a
2. Referenced Documents maximum torque reading on the viscometer. The resulting
2
torque reading is used to calculate the viscosity of the oil.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for
5. Significance and Use
Liquid Petroleum Products
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of gear
2.2 European Procedure:
3 oils, automatic transmission fluids, torque and tractor fluids,
CEC L18-A-80
and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils,AnnexA4, are of
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
considerable importance to the proper operation of many
ADJD6300 D2PP, Version 4.43, Determination of Preci-
mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric proper-
sion and Bias Data for Use inTest Methods for Petroleum
4 ties of these oils and fluids are often used to specify their
Products
acceptability. This test method is used in a number of specifi-
3. Terminology cations.
5.2 This test method describes how to measure apparent
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
viscosity directly without the errors associated with either
3.1.1 apparent viscosity—thedynamicviscositydetermined
interpolation or extrapolation of experimental data.
by this test method. Apparent viscosity may vary with the
NOTE 1—Viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapo-
lation are subject to errors caused by gelation or non-Newtonian response
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to rotor speed, or both. Only in the case of known Newtonian oils is
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
interpolation acceptable for the purpose of calibrating the rotor and glass
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
cell. If such viscosity versus temperature plots are required, they can be
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
made by the procedure outlined in Annex A1.
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2983–04. DOI:
10.1520/D2983-04A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The sole source of supply of the Standard Newtonian Brookfield viscosity
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on referencefluidsknowntothecommitteeatthistimeisCannonInstrumentCo.,Post
the ASTM website. Office Box 16, State College, PA 16801.
3 6
Available from CEC, Mandou Plaza-25th Floor, B-1210 Brussells, Belgium. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
4
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
1
ADJD6300. ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears
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