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ASTM D8337/D8337M-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear Test

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in a laboratory setting.  
5.2 This test method is used to evaluate the plateau force Ppl that an FRP composite can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism.  
5.3 The evaluation of the plateau force is intended to be made under consistent environmental conditioning and the tests conducted in ambient laboratory or otherwise consistent environmental conditions.  
5.4 This test can be used to determine the effective bond length leff of the FRP composite if different bonded lengths are tested with constant bonded width. The effective bond length leff is defined as the minimum bonded length  necessary to achieve the bond capacity Ppl for the width of FRP tested.  
5.5 This test can be used to determine the variation of the bond capacity with the bonded width bf if different bonded widths are tested while the bonded length  is constant and greater than the effective bond length leff.  
5.6 This test is used to obtain the plot of the applied force versus loaded end (or global) slip of the composite with respect to the substrate. The loaded end slip is the average of two linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) readings, as described in 7.6. The plot obtained is used to determine the bond properties of the system.  
5.7 This test method can also serve as a means for uniformly preparing and testing standard specimens suitable for being subject to environmental conditioning and subsequently used to evaluate FRP-bonded-to-concrete system performance, and evaluating and reporting the results. The comparison of results from this test method conducted on identical specimens subject to different environmental conditioning protocols can be used to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the bond performance of FRP systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure to evaluate the lap shear bond properties of wet lay-up or shop-fabricated (for example, pultruded) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems adhesively applied to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the plateau force that an FRP system can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism tested using a direct single-lap shear test. This plateau force is reported as bond capacity and may be different from the maximum applied force. The plateau force is then used to determine the interfacial fracture energy and the cohesive material law.  
1.2 This test method is not intended for job approval or for product qualification purposes unless an external agency adopts the test method for those purposes.  
1.3 This test method is intended for use with adhesive-applied or wet lay-up FRP systems and is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP composite, although the test condition only considers forces in the direction parallel to the prism longitudinal axis.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2020
ICS
59.100.01 - Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.10 - Composites for Civil Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM E251-20a - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM E251-20 - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D8337/D8337M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear TestASTM D8337/D8337M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear Test
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ASTM D8337/D8337M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear Test
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8337/D8337M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Bond Properties of FRP Composite Applied to
1
Concrete Substrate using Single-Lap Shear Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8337/D8337M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to evaluate the lap shear bond properties of wet lay-up or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shop-fabricated (for example, pultruded) fiber-reinforced poly-
mer (FRP) composite systems adhesively applied to a flat
2. Referenced Documents
concretesubstrate.Thetestdeterminestheplateauforcethatan
2
FRP system can bear before complete debonding from a 2.1 ASTM Standards:
concrete prism tested using a direct single-lap shear test. This C31/C31MPractice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
plateau force is reported as bond capacity and may be different Specimens in the Field
from the maximum applied force. The plateau force is then C33/C33MSpecification for Concrete Aggregates
used to determine the interfacial fracture energy and the C39/C39MTest Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
cohesive material law. drical Concrete Specimens
C42/C42MTest Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
1.2 This test method is not intended for job approval or for
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
product qualification purposes unless an external agency
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
adopts the test method for those purposes.
gregates
1.3 This test method is intended for use with adhesive-
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
applied or wet lay-up FRP systems and is appropriate for use
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
with FRPsystems having any fiber orientation or combination
Specimens in the Laboratory
ofplyorientationscomprisingtheFRPcomposite,althoughthe
C496/C496MTest Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of
test condition only considers forces in the direction parallel to
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
the prism longitudinal axis.
C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C617/C617MPractice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each Specimens
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined. D3039/D3039MTest Method forTensile Properties of Poly-
mer Matrix Composite Materials
1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
brackets. D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Composite Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D7565/D7565MTest Method for DeterminingTensile Prop-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
erties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Used for Strengthening of Civil Structures
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D7958/D7958MTestMethodforEvaluationofPerformance
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Composites for Civil Structures. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8337_D8337M-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM E2552-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

  • Guide
    9 pages
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  • Guide
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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