ASTM F818-93(1998)e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Spill Response Barriers
Standard Terminology Relating to Spill Response Barriers
SCOPE
1.1 This document defines the terminology used in the field of spill response barriers. Only those terms commonly used or peculiar to this field have been included; no attempt has been made to list all terms used. Where a second term is in common use, "aka" is used to mean "also known as."
1.2 Design, engineering, and performance terms are listed separately:barrier design terminology (1.3), barrier engineering terminology (1.4), and barrier performance terminology (1.5).
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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e1
Designation: F 818 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Spill Response Barriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 818; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in November 1998.
1. Scope Practice F 625 for environmental descripters).
“curtain type” boom—boom consisting of a flexible skirt
1.1 This document defines the terminology used in the field
supported by flotation.
of spill response barriers. Only those terms commonly used or
“fence type” boom—boom consisting of a self-supporting or
peculiar to this field have been included; no attempt has been
stiffened membrane supported by flotation.
made to list all terms used. Where a second term is in common
fire resistant boom (aka fire containment boom)—boom
use, “aka” is used to mean “also known as.”
intended for containment of burning oil slicks.
1.2 Design, engineering, and performance terms are listed
ice boom—boom intended for use in ice-infested waters,
separately: barrier design terminology (3.1), barrier engineer-
designed to withstand effects of ice contact.
ing terminology (3.2), and barrier performance terminology
inflatable boom—boom that uses inflated gas-filled chambers
(3.3).
as the flotation.
2. Referenced Documents
net boom—special purpose boom in which all or part of the
membrane material is netting.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
open water boom—boom intended for use in open waters (see
F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-
Practice F 625 for environmental descripters).
trol Systems
permanent boom—boom intended for long-term or perma-
3. Terminology
nent deployment.
plunging water jet barrier—special purpose barrier created
3.1 Barrier Design Terminology—Terms associated with
by a series of coherent streams of water directed vertically
Spill Response Barrier Design:
downward into a body of water.
General
protected water boom—boom intended for use in protected
waters with moderate environmental conditions (see Practice
boom—floating mechanical barrier used to control the move-
F 625 for environmental descripters).
ment of substances that float.
river boom (aka fast water boom)—boom intended for use in
boom section—length of boom between two end connectors.
currents greater than 1 knot.
boom segment—repetitive identical portion of the boom
shore seal boom—boom that, when grounded, seals against
section.
the shoreline.
silt barrier—boom with very deep skirt used to control the
Types
movement of suspended sediments.
air bubble barrier—special-purpose barrier created by rising
sorbent boom—sorbent material contained or arranged in the
stream of air bubbles and entrained water, produced by
form of a long cylinder.
injecting air at some depth below water surface.
special purpose boom—boom that departs from the general
bottom-tension boom—boom with tension member located
characteristics of “fence type” and “curtain type” booms,
along the bottom of the skirt.
either in design or intended use.
calm water boom—boom intended for use in calm waters (see
submersible boom—boom that normally resides on the seabed
and is positioned by inflating with air, causing it to rise to the
water surface.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-20 on
Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of water jet barrier—barrier created by stream of pressurized
Subcommittee F20.11 on Control. Current edition approved May 15, 1993.
water spray directed across the water surface.
Published July 1993. Originally published as F 818 – 84. Last previous edition
weir boom (aka skimming boom/barrier)—boom that has a
F 818 – 86.
weir skimming device(s) built into its face.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 818
Components draft—minimum vertical depth of the membrane below the
water line.
accessories—optional mechanical devices used on or in con-
freeboard—minimum vertical height of the boom above the
junction with a boom system but not included with the basic
waterline.
boom and end connector; for example, lights, paravanes,
height—sum of draft and freeboard.
drogues, buoys, anchor systems, storage bags, boxes or reels,
maximum draft—maximum vertical dimension of the boom
bulkhead connectors or repair kits, and so forth.
below the water line.
anchor point—structural point on the end connector or along
overall height—maximum vertical dimension of boom.
the length of a boom section designed for the attachment of
3.2 Barrier Engineering Terminology—Terms associated
anchor or mooring lines.
with Spill Barrier Engineering:
ancillary equipment—mechanical devices essential to the
catenary drag force—load imposed on a boom, deployed in a
operation of a given boom system; for example, air pumps,
catenary configuration, resulting from towing, current,
hydraulic power supplies, control manifolds, and so forth.
and/or wind forces.
ballast—weight applied to the skirt to improve boom perfor-
mance. current response—change in freeboard or draft due to current
forces acting to displace the boom from rest.
bridle—device attached to a boom to distribute the load
exerted by towing or anchoring the boom. gross buoyancy—weight of fresh water displaced by a boom
buoyancy chamber (aka flotation chamber)—enclosed com- totally submerged.
partment of air or other buoyant material providing flotation
gross buoyancy to weight ratio—gross buoyancy divided by
for the boom. boom weight.
end connector—device permanently attached to the boom
heave response—ability of the boom to react to the vertical
used for joining boom sections to one aother or to other
motion of the water surface.
accessory devices.
maximum dynamic load—sum of all instan
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