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ASTM D4171-03(2010)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

ABSTRACT
This specification covers additives for aviation fuels used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems. Three types of fuel system icing inhibitors are provided as follows: type I - ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, type II - anhydrous isopropanol, and type III - diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The relative density, color, distillation range, non-volatile matter, and odor shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water properties, heptanes miscibility, acidity, water miscibility, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3.1 Fuel system icing inhibitor performance (Type III) is based upon test results using the pure inhibitor in a specific concentration range. Impurities affect inhibitor solubility in the fuel and reduce the effective concentration. Methods are therefore needed to check additive purity to ensure adequate performance in the aircraft.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels (see Specifications D910 and D1655) used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
A1.1.1 This test method measures the purity of fuel system icing inhibitors (Type III). The test results are used to determine if the inhibitor meets the purity requirements listed in Table 2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.04 - Additives and Electrical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4171-03 - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D4171-11 - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D910-21 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6227-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8194-18e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Suitability of 37 mm Filter Monitors and 47 mm Filters Used to Determine Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8147-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6615-22 - Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7618-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5006-11(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7223-21 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010

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ASTM D4171-03(2010) - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsASTM D4171-03(2010) - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
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ASTM D4171-03(2010) - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D4171 – 03 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels
D1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of Lacquer
(see Specifications D910 and D1655) used to inhibit ice
Solvents
formation in aircraft fuel systems.
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and Related Products
standard.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Solvents
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Cup Tester
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
2. Referenced Documents Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
Closed Cup Tester
Glass Electrode
D268 Guide for Sampling andTestingVolatile Solvents and
E203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl Fischer
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
Titration
Coatings and Material
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
E450 Method for Measurement of Color of Low-Colored
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
Clear Liquids Using the Hunterlab Color Difference Me-
D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
3
ter
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Cou-
ganic Liquids
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
Cobalt Scale)
3. Classification
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
3.1 Twotypesoffuelsystemicinginhibitorsareprovidedas
Diluents
follows:
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile
3.1.1 Type I—Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used as
Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
an anti-icing additive in both aviation gasoline and aviation
Products
turbine fuels.
NOTE 1—Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) was previously
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
included in this specification, last appearing in D4171–94. EGME is
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
considered technically satisfactory for this application, but has been
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
generally replaced by DiEGME due to availability, reduced toxicological
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved
concerns, and lack of widely available methodology to determine FSII
in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4171–03. DOI: 10.1520/
concentration in aviation fuels when a mixture is known to be present, or
D4171-03R10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or when the identity of the FSII present in the fuel is not clearly known.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4171 – 03 (2010)
TABLE 2 Detailed Requirements for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
3.2 Type II—Anhydrous isopropanol, also described as
(Type III)
99 % grade 2-Propanol or isopropyl alcohol, is used as an
Requirement
anti-icing additive in aviation gasoline. (Warning—
Property ASTM Test
DiEGME
Isopropanol (2-Propanol) is both flammable and an irritant; use
Method
(Type III)
with caution.)
Acid number, max, mg 0.09 D1613
3.
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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