ASTM D4716/D4716M-22

Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended either as an index test or as a performance test used to determine and compare the flow rate per unit width of one or several candidate geosynthetics under specific conditions.  
5.2 This test method may be used as an index test for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision of this test method is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 may be advisable.  
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, normal stress, seating period, hydraulic gradient, test water temperature, etc., then conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are formed from a lot of the material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model anticipated field conditions.  
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction of flow.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4354-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4716/D4716M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716/D4716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
D4354Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
geosyntheticsundervaryingnormalcompressivestressesanda
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test
D4491/D4491MTest Methods for Water Permeability of
but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic
Geotextiles by Permittivity
gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the
D5092/D5092MPractice for Design and Installation of
user to model anticipated field conditions.
Groundwater Monitoring Wells
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow D5199Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
continuousin-planeflowpathstooccurparalleltotheintended of Geosynthetics
D6574/D6574MTestMethodforDeterminingthe(In-Plane)
direction of flow.
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Flow
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D7361Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Su-
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
perposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
used independently of the other, and values from the two
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
systems shall not be combined.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
syntheticswhichisusedinageotechnicalapplication. (D4439)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D4439)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439)
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
and engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation,
and use of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the
solution of engineering problems.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
2
ability and Filtration. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4716/D4716M–20. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4716_D4716M-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716/D4716M − 22
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil 4. Summary of Test Method
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
4.1 Theflowrateperunitwidthisdeterminedbymeasuring
aspects of geology, geophysics, h
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4716/D4716M − 20 D4716/D4716M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716/D4716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but
can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model
anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction
of flow.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D5092/D5092M Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D6574/D6574M Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020May 1, 2022. Published June 2020June 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20142020 as
D4716/D4716M – 14.D4716/D4716M – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D4716_D4716M-20.10.1520/D4716_D4716M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716/D4716M − 22
D7361 Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition
Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any combination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
synthetics which is used in a geotechnical application. (D4439)
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles for
planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D4439)
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439)
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods and engineering principalsprinciples to the acquisition, interpretation,
and use of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the solution of enginee
...