ASTM D3574-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test procedures provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance and rejection under specifications, and special purposes.
The data obtained by these test methods are applicable to the material under conditions of the particular test and are not necessarily the same as obtained in other environments in use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to slab, bonded, and molded flexible cellular products known as urethane foams. Urethane foam is generally defined as an expanded cellular product produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and isocyanates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard, however certain test methods in this standard have similar or equivalent ISO standards and are listed in the scope of the individual test method sections.
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Designation: D3574 − 11
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded
1
Urethane Foams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 These test methods apply to slab, bonded, and molded
flexible cellular products known as urethane foams. Urethane
3. Terminology
foam is generally defined as an expanded cellular product
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds,
3.1.1 bonded foam—a product produced by the adhesion of
water, and isocyanates.
small pieces of urethane foam to each other with a suitable
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bonding agent.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 core—the internal portion of a molded part, free of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
skin.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 cored foam—a flexible cellular material containing a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
multiplicity of holes (usually, but not necessarily, cylindrical in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
shape), molded or cut into the material in some pattern,
standard.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard, however normally perpendicular to the foam rise direction, and extend-
certain test methods in this standard have similar or equivalent ISO
ing part or all the way through the piece.
standardsandarelistedinthescopeoftheindividualtestmethodsections.
3.1.4 convoluted foam—a flexible cellular material specially
cut into sheets with “egg carton”-like dimples. The dimple
2. Referenced Documents
peaks and bases can have varied shapes and dimensions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 flexible cellular product—a cellular organic polymeric
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
materialthatwillnotrupturewhenaspecimen200by25by25
tic Elastomers—Tension
mmisbentarounda25-mmdiametermandrelatauniformrate
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
ofonelapin5sata temperature between 18 and 29°C.
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
3.1.6 molded foam—a cellular product having the shape of
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
the enclosed chamber in which it is produced by foaming.
D3576 Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible
3.1.7 skin—the smooth surface layer of a molded foam
Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
product, formed by contact with the mold or surfaces.
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
3.1.8 slab—a section of foam that is cut from the internal
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
portion of a large bun.
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
3.1.9 urethane foam—a flexible cellular product produced
Generated by Solid Materials
by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and
isocyanates.
1 3.1.10 viscoelastic foam—a specially formulated urethane
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular foam characterized by having slow recovery, low resilience,
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
and high hysteresis loss.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
3.1.11 cell count—a measurement used to characterize dif-
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3574 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D3574-11.
ferent types of foams based on the size of the individual cells
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in the foam matrix, typically expressed as either average cell
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter or as the number of cells per linear distance. For
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. measuring cell counts, see Test Method D3576
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3574 − 11
3.1.12 clickability—the ability of a flexible cellular material 6.3 For m
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3574–08 Designation: D3574 – 11
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded
1
Urethane Foams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods apply to slab, bonded, and molded flexible cellular products known as urethane foams. Urethane foam
may beis generally defined as an expanded cellular product produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and
isocyanates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard, however certain test methods in this standard have similar or equivalent ISO standards
and are listed in the scope of the individual test method sections.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers D726Test Method for
Resistance of
Nonporous Paper
to Passage of Air
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
D3576 Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bonded foam—a product produced by the adhesion of small pieces of urethane foam to each other with a suitable bonding
agent.
3.1.2 core—the internal portion of a molded part, free of skin.
3.1.3 cored foam—a flexible cellular material containing a multiplicity of holes (usually, but not necessarily, cylindrical in
shape), molded or cut into the material in some pattern, normally perpendicular to the foam rise direction, and extending part or
all the way through the piece.
3.1.4 convoluted foam—a flexible cellular material specially cut into sheets with “egg carton”-like dimples. The dimple peaks
and bases can have varied shapes and dimensions.
3.1.5 flexible cellular product—a cellular organic polymeric material that will not rupture when a specimen 200 by 25 by 25
mm is bent around a 25-mm diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in5sata temperature between 18 and 29°C.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2008.2011. Published September 2008.January 2012. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
D3574 – 058. DOI: 10.1520/D3574-08.10.1520/D3574-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3574 – 11
3.1.6 molded foam—a cellular product having the shape of the enclosed chamber in which it is produced by foaming.
3.1.7 skin—the smooth surface layer of a molded foam product, formed by contact with the mold or surfaces.
3.1.8 slab—a section of foam that is cut from the internal portion of a large bun.
3.1.9 urethane foam—a flexible cellular product produced by the interaction of active hydrogen compounds, water, and
isocyanates.
3.1.10 viscoelastic foam—aspeciallyformulatedurethanefoamchara
...
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