ASTM E456-08e2

Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2008
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.020 - Mathematics
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.70 - Editorial/Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E456-08e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E456-08e3 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM B873-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4699-03(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Vibratory Packing Density of Large Formed Catalyst and Catalyst Carrier Particles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1297-18 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Niobium
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6890-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5507-21a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Organic Impurities in Monomer Grade Vinyl Chloride by Capillary Column/Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5672/D5672M-22 - Standard Test Method for Testing Flexible Cellular Materials Measurement of Indentation Force Deflection Using a 25-mm [1-in.] Deflection Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8287/D8287M-22 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1732-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5132-20 - Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Rate of Polymeric Materials Used in Occupant Compartments of Motor Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D613-23 - Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1885-18 - Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Triangle Test
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6341-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8387/D8387M-21 - Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
´2
Designation:E456–08
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in January 2009.
2
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in May 2010.
1. Scope E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attri-
butes Indexed by AQL
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
Indices
and Statistics.
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, UsingAttribute Data,
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
normative for any E11 terms.
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
2. Referenced Documents
E2555 PracticeforFactorsandProceduresforApplyingthe
2
MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with Terms in This Standard:
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Process Control
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and
ASTM Test Methods
Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
E2696 PracticeforLifeandReliabilityTestingBasedonthe
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Exponential Distribution
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
2.2 ISO Standards:
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
ISO3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
E1402 Guide for Sampling Design
Part1 Probability and General Statistical Terms
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop-
Part2 Applied Statistics
ing and Applying Test Methods
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and
3. Terminology
LTPD Sampling Plans
acceptance quality limit, AQL, n—quality limit that is the
worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E2234
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
Terminology.
agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally
e1
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E456–06 . DOI:
10.1520/E0456-08E02.
principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
experimental work of some national or international organi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
E456–08
scientific or engineering group. E177 chance cause—source of inherent random variation in a
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result process which is predictable within statis
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1 ´1
Designation:E456–08 E456–08 ´2
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in January 2009.
—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in January 2009.
2
´ NOTE—New terms were added and other terms corrected editorially in May 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for
that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms
added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered normative
for any E11 terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with Terms in thisThis Standard:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1402 Guide for Sampling Design
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E2555 Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty ofTest Results and Use of theTerm Measurement Uncertainty inASTMTest Methods
Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test Methods
E2696 Practice for Life and Reliability Testing Based on the Exponential Distribution
2.2 ISO Standards:
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on
Editorial/Terminology.
e1
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E456–06 . DOI:
10.1520/E0456-08E01. DOI: 10.1520/E0456-08E02.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
ISO3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
Part1 Probability and General Statistical Terms
Part2 Applied Statistics
3. Terminology
acceptance quality limit, AQL, n—quality limit that is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is
submitted for acceptance sampling. E2234
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon ref
...