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ASTM D8082-18

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application

Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application

SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a specification for elemental impurity limits in erosion control products used for land application. Erosion control products may include but are not limited to: hydraulically-applied erosion control products, rolled erosion control products, sediment retention devices, gabions and mattresses, and articulated concrete block revetments.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2018
ICS
13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3740-19 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
Effective Date
01-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM D3987-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D653-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014

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ASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land ApplicationASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application
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ASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8082 −18
Standard Specification for
Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used
1
for Land Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8082; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D3987 Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with
1.1 This standard provides a specification for elemental
Water
impurity limits in erosion control products used for land
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
application. Erosion control products may include but are not
Data
limited to: hydraulically-applied erosion control products,
3
2.2 Other Standards:
rolled erosion control products, sediment retention devices,
40 CFR 503.13 Pollutant Limits
gabions and mattresses, and articulated concrete block revet-
EPA Method 1312 Mass Transfer Rates of Constituents in
ments.
Monolithic or Compacted Granular Materials Using a
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Semi-Dynamic Tank Leaching Procedure
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
EPA Method 6010D Inductively Coupled Plasma—Optical
standard.
Emission Spectrometry
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the EPA Method 7000B Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
tometry
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this specification. EPA Method 6020A Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass
Spectrometry Lethal Dose 50 (LD ) or Effective Concen-
50
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tration 50 (EC ) Method
50
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2 Acronyms:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 ppm, n—parts per million
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Specification Requirements
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Elemental impurity limits in erosion control products
2. Referenced Documents used for land application shall not exceed the concentration
2
values for the elemental impurities listed in Table 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
5. Sampling
Fluids
5.1 Follow sampling procedures given in ASTM Practice
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
D3987 to obtain the samples and test specimens. Products
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
which are impermeable such as plastics and metal products
need not to be reduced below 100-gram sample sizes.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
6. Test Methods
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and
Sediment Control Technology. 6.1 Use Practice D3987 or method EPA 1312 with extrac-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
tion fluid #3 to extract the leachate.
D8082-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM For referenced Code of Federal Regulations and Environmental Protection
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Agency standards, visit their respective websites, www.gpo.gov/fdsys and
the ASTM website. www.epa.gov/hw.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8082 − 18
TABLE 1 Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
Elemental Impurities Concentration (ppm)
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
Arsenic 16
cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
Cadmium 9
Chromium 100 re
...

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5.1 Test methods A and B are used to estimate the permanganate natural oxidant demand exerted by the soil or aquifer solids by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by naturally occurring species as a function of time. Test Method C is used to estimate the permanganate total oxidant demand exerted by soil, aquifer solids, chemical contaminants or any other reduced species by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by all components of the bulk aquifer as a function of time. Typically, the measurement of oxidant demand is used to screen potential sites for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (Test Methods A and C) and provide information to aid in the design of remediation systems (Test Methods B and C).  
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1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:
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5.1 Rolled erosion control products are intended to protect seed beds from erosion and provide an environment that encourages seed germination. Maintaining a moist environment by gradually releasing absorbed moisture helps provide a beneficial growth environment. The ability of a product to absorb moisture is commonly specified. This test method can be used for quality control and to determine product conformance to a specification.  
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1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
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1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring in-place bulk density of soil and soil-aggregate using nuclear equipment with radioactive sources (hereafter referred to simply as “gauges”). These gauges are distinct from those described in Test Method D6938 insofar as:  
1.1.1 These gauges do not contain a system (nuclear or otherwise) for the determination of the water content of the material under measurement.  
1.1.2 These gauges have photon yields sufficiently low as to require the inclusion of background radiation effects on the response during normal operation.
1.1.2.1 For the devices described in Test Method D6938, the contribution of gamma rays detected from the naturally-occurring radioisotopes in most soils (hereafter referred to as “background”) compared to the contribution of gamma rays used by the device to measure in-place bulk density is typically small enough to be negligible in terms of their effect on measurement accuracy. However, for these low-activity gauges, the gamma ray yield from the gauge is low enough that the background contribution from most soils compared to the contribution of gamma rays from the gauge is no longer negligible, and changes in this background can adversely affect the accuracy of the bulk density reading.
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ASTM D653-22(Terminology)
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1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.  
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP) Performance in Protecting Slopes from Sequential Rainfall-Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope

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5.1 This test method utilizes large-scale testing equipment and procedures established at a variety of testing laboratories over the last 30 years.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having a target rainfall intensity of 3.5 in./h [90 mm/h].  
1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.  
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for a specific application where no performance information currently exists.  
1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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Standard Practice for Measurement of the Kinetic Energy of Simulated Rainfall

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5.4 Knowing the kinetic energy for the given simulator configuration will provide a way to set minimum and upper limit values so that comparisons between laboratories can be made as well as having a way to account for the differences between the laboratories. If there are minimum and upper limit values and the raindrop size is in the same range between laboratories, the kinetic energy between the laboratories should be similar. Once the kinetic energy is established for a given rainfall simulator configuration according to a specific standard, comparisons of the results for those specific standards can be made.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to measure the kinetic energy of rainfall simulators used by laboratories to evaluate soil erosion. The kinetic energy of raindrops is an important factor that should be considered when conducting soil erosion studies. Using the data collected from determining the raindrop size, this practice provides a method to uniformly calculate the kinetic energy which can be used to compare results from different laboratories.  
1.2 Many types of Erosion Control Products (ECPs) are evaluated for their ability to reduce soil erosion in laboratory and field settings using rainfall simulators. Rainfall simulators are used with test plots to simulate a specific condition that is or may be expected in the field. Rainfall simulators typically use drop emitters, sprinklers, or nozzles to create the raindrops. Each device produces different drops and since the rainfall simulators can be configured to produce different raindrop sizes and fall heights, the kinetic energy will be different. Therefore, the kinetic energy must be calculated for a given set of conditions in order to properly understand the impact of erosion for bare soil and the ECP.  
1.3 The upper limit of the size of a raindrop is generally accepted to be 7 mm. While it is possible to get a raindrop size between 6 and 7 mm occasionally, it is not common to get raindrop sizes above 6 mm.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP) Performance in Protecting Slopes from Continuous Rainfall-Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method utilizes large-scale testing equipment and procedures established at a variety of testing laboratories over the last 30 years.  
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5.3 This test method is a performance test, but can also be used for acceptance testing to determine product conformance to project specifications. For project-specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be considered. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete at this time, and differences in soil and other environmental and geotechnical conditions may affect ECP performance.  
5.4 This standard can also be used as a comparative tool for evaluating the erosion control characteristics of different ECPs and can also be used to gain agency approvals.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2.5:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having target rainfall intensities between 4.0 and 5.0 in./h [100 and 125 mm/h].  
1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.  
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for a specific application where no performance information currently exists.  
1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is s...

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ASTM D7382-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For many cohesionless, free-draining soils, the maximum dry unit weight is one of the key components in evaluating the state of compactness of a given soil mass that is either naturally occurring or is constructed (fill).  
5.2 Soil placed as an engineered fill is compacted to a dense state to obtain satisfactory engineering properties such as shear strength, compressibility, permeability, or combinations thereof. Also, foundation soils are often compacted to improve their engineering properties. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for determining the percent compaction and water content needed at the time of compaction to achieve the required engineering properties, and for controlling construction to ensure that the required unit weights and water contents are achieved.  
5.3 It is generally recognized that percent compaction is a good indicator of the state of compactness of a given soil mass. However, the engineering properties, such as strength, compressibility, and permeability of a given soil, compacted by various methods to a given state of compactness can vary considerably. Therefore, considerable engineering judgment must be used in relating the engineering properties of soil to the state of compactness.  
5.4 Experience indicates that the construction control aspects discussed in 5.2 are extremely difficult to implement or yield erroneous results when dealing with certain soils. Subsections 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 5.4.3 describe typical problem soils, the problems encountered when dealing with such soils, and possible solutions to these problems.  
5.4.1 Degradation—Soils containing particles that degrade during compaction are a problem, especially when more degradation occurs during laboratory compaction than field compaction, as is typical. Degradation typically occurs during the compaction of a granular-residual soil or aggregate. When degradation occurs, the maximum dry unit weight increases4 so that the laboratory maximum value is not rep...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the maximum dry unit weight of granular soils. A vibrating hammer is used to impart a surcharge and compactive effort to the soil specimen. Further, an optional calculation is presented to determine the approximate water content range for effective compaction of granular soils based on the measured maximum dry density and specific gravity.  
1.2 These test methods apply to primarily granular, free-draining soils for which impact compaction does not yield a clear optimum water content. Specifically, these test methods apply to soils:  
1.2.1 with up to 35 %, by dry mass, passing a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve if the portion passing the No. 40 (425-μm) sieve is nonplastic;  
1.2.2 with up to 15 %, by dry mass, passing a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve if the portion passing the No. 40 (425-μm) sieve exhibits plastic behavior.  
1.3 Further, due to limitations of the testing equipment, and the available oversize correction procedures these test methods apply to soils in which:  
1.3.1 less than 30 %, by dry mass, is retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, or in which  
1.3.2 100 %, by dry mass, passes the 2-in. (50-mm) sieve.  
1.4 These test methods will typically produce a higher maximum dry unit weight for the soils specified in 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 than that obtained by impact compaction in which a well-defined moisture-density relationship is not apparent. However, for some soils containing more than 15 % fines, the use of impact compaction (Test Methods D698 or D1557) may be useful in evaluating what is an appropriate maximum index unit weight.  
1.5 Four alternative test methods are provided, with the variation being in saturated versus dry specimens and mold size. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the maximum particle size of the material.  
1.5.1 Method 1A—Using satu...

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ASTM D6459-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates RECPs and their means of installation to:  
5.1.1 Reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations in stormwater runoff under conditions of varying rainfall intensity and soil type, and;  
5.1.2 Improve water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids.  
5.2 This test method models and examines conditions typically found on construction sites involving earthwork activities including: highway and roads; airports; residential, commercial and industrial developments; pipelines, mines, and landfills; golf courses; etc.  
5.3 This test method is a performance test, but can be used for quality control to determine product conformance to project specifications. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete. For project specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be taken into consideration.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect hillslopes from rainfall-induced erosion. Critical elements of this protection are the ability of the RECP to:  
1.1.1 Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through “splash” mechanisms;  
1.1.2 Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms;  
1.1.3 Absorb shear forces of overland flow; and,  
1.1.4 Trap soil particles beneath.  
1.2 This test method utilizes full-scale testing procedures, rather than reduced-scale (bench-scale) simulation, and is patterned after conditions typically found on construction sites at the conclusion of earthwork operations, but prior to the start of revegetation work. Therefore this considers only unvegetated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides a comparative evaluation of an RECP-to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must c...

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