ASTM D3701-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 or D7171 for the determination of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 7.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3701 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low
1
Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3701; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydro-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
gen content of aviation turbine fuels.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 or D7171 for the determina-
D4808 Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light
tion of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.
Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectros-
copy
standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.
D7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Dis-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
For a specific warning statement, see 7.1.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
to Terminology D4175.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 A sample of the material is compared in a continuous
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
wave, low-resolution, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrom-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
eter with a reference standard sample of a pure hydrocarbon.
2. Referenced Documents The results from the integrator on the instrument are used as a
2
means of comparing the theoretical hydrogen content of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard with that of the sample, the result being expressed as
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and
the hydrogen content (percent mass basis) in the sample.
Aviation Turbine Fuel
D1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation
5. Significance and Use
3
Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 2006)
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has
traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index,
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3701 – 17. DOI:
quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen
10.1520/D3701-23.
content of the fuel.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion
the ASTM website.
3
techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. more precise alternative to these methods.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3701 − 23
6. Apparatus
4
6.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer —A low-
resolution continuous-wave instrument capable of measuring a
nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen atoms, and fitted with:
6.1.1 Excitation and Detection Coil, of suitable dimensions
to contain the test cell.
6.1.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3701 − 17 D3701 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low
1
Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3701; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 or D7171 for the determination of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.17.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel
3
D1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 2006)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4808 Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
D7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2023. Published June 2017November 2023. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D3701 – 01D3701 – 17.(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D3701-17.10.1520/D3701-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3701 − 23
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A sample of the material is compared in a continuous wave, low-resolution, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer with a
reference standard sample of a pure hydrocarbon. The results from the integrator on the instrument are used as a means of
comparing the theoretical hydrogen content of the standard with that of the sample, the result being expressed as the hydrogen
content (percent mass basis) in the sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point
(see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence
is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques.
The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
6. Apparatus
4
6.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer —A low-resolution continuous-
...
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