ASTM D4150-03
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. These terms are used in:
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and various other physical properties, and
1.1.3 Other practices related to the processing, transmission, and distribution of gaseous fuels.
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Designation:D4150–03
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Fahrenheit. One Btu (International Table) is equal to
IT
1055.056 J.
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that
compressed natural gas (CNG)—natural gas that is typically
are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels.
pressurized to 3600 psi. CNG is primarily used as a
These terms are used in:
vehicular fuel.
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
compressibility—the property of a material that permits it to
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and
decrease in volume when subjected to an increase in
various other physical properties, and
pressure.
1.1.3 Otherpracticesrelatedtotheprocessing,transmission,
compressibility factor (z)—a factor calculated by taking the
and distribution of gaseous fuels.
ratio of the actual volume of a given mass of gas at a
2. Referenced Documents
specified temperature and pressure to its volume calculated
from the ideal gas law at the same conditions.
2.1 ISO Standard:
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dew point—the temperature at any given pressure at which
ISO NP 14532 Natural Gas—Terminology
liquid initially condenses from a gas or vapor. It is specifi-
3. Terminology
cally applied to the temperature at which water vapor starts
to condense from a gas mixture (water dew point), or at
acid gas—natural gas containing high concentrations of hy-
which hydrocarbons start to condense (hydrocarbon dew
drogen sulfide or carbon dioxide, or both, which is acidic
point).
when in contact with water or water vapor.
dissolved gas—natural gas held in solution in reservoir liquids
associated gas—natural gas, also known as gas-cap gas or
at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the reservoir.
dome gas, that overlies and is in immediate contact, but not
dry gas—natural gas containing little or no water vapor.
in solution, with crude oil in a reservoir.
gas quality—quality of gaseous fuel, which is defined by its
at-line instrument—instrument requiring operator interaction
composition and its physical properties.
to sample gas directly from the pipeline.
gross heating value (also called higher heating value)— the
base conditions—temperature and pressure conditions at
amount of energy per volume transferred as heat from the
which natural gas volumes are determined for purposes of
complete, ideal combustion of the gas at standard tempera-
custody transfer. In natural gas measurement the properties
ture in which all the water formed by the reaction condenses
of interest are temperature, pressure, and composition. As-
to liquid.
suming ideal gas properties, for simplicity, tables of pure
hydrate—a solid, crystalline material composed of water and
compounds can be prepared for use in calculating gas
components of natural gas formed under pressure at tem-
properties for any composition at “base conditions.” These
peratures above the freezing point of water.
“base conditions” are chosen near ambient.
hydrocarbon dew point—(see dew point)
Btu—British thermal unit, the amount of energy required to
inert components—those elements or components of natural
raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree
gas (fuel gas) that do not contribute to the heating value.
in-line instrument—instrument whose active element is in-
stalled in the pipeline and measures at pipeline conditions.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on
lean gas—natural gas containing little or no hydrocarbons
Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on
Terminology Classification and Specifications. commercially recoverable as liquid products.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
DISCUSSION—Water and recoverable hydrocarbons (ethane and
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4150 – 00.
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heavier hydrocarbons) are customarily removed from natural gas to
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. meet contractual or state statutory requirements.
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D4150–03
liquefied natural gas (LNG)—natural gas that has been temperature and pressure.
liquefied, after processing, for storage or transportation rich gas—natural gas containing commercially recoverable
purposes. (This definition is from ISO NP 14532
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