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ASTM D7165-22

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels

Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 On-line, at-line, in-line, CFMS, and other near-real time monitoring systems that measure fuel gas characteristics, such as the sulfur content, are prevalent in the natural gas and fuel gas industries. The installation and operation of particular systems vary on the specific objectives, contractual obligations, process type, regulatory requirements, and internal performance requirements needed by the user. This standard is intended to provide guidelines for standardized start-up procedures, operating procedures, and quality assurance practices for on-line, at-line, in-line, CFMS, and other near-real time gas chromatographic based sulfur monitoring systems used to determine fuel gas sulfur content. For measurement of gaseous fuel properties using laboratory based methods, the user is referred to Test Methods D1072, D1945, D4084, D4468, D4810, D7833, and Practices D4626, E594.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for the determination of gas phase sulfur-containing compounds in high methane content gaseous fuels such as natural gas using on-line/at-line instrumentation, and continuous fuel monitors (CFMS). It has been successfully applied to other types of gaseous samples including air, digester, landfill, and refinery fuel gas. The detection range for sulfur compounds, reported as picograms sulfur, based upon the analysis of a 1 mL sample, is one hundred (100) to one million (1 000 000). This is equivalent to 0.1 to 1000 mg/m3.  
1.2 This practice does not purport to measure all sulfur species in a sample. Only gas phase compounds that are transported to an instrument under the measurement conditions selected are measured.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D03 - Gaseous Fuels
Drafting Committee
D03.12 - On-Line/At-Line Analysis of Gaseous Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7165-22 - Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous FuelsASTM D7165-22 - Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7165 − 22
Standard Practice for
Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for
1
Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice is for the determination of gas phase
D1072Test Method for Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by
sulfur-containing compounds in high methane content gaseous
Combustion and Barium Chloride Titration
fuels such as natural gas using on-line/at-line instrumentation,
D1945Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas
andcontinuousfuelmonitors(CFMS).Ithasbeensuccessfully
Chromatography
applied to other types of gaseous samples including air,
D3609Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
digester, landfill, and refinery fuel gas.The detection range for
ation Tubes
sulfur compounds, reported as picograms sulfur, based upon
D3764PracticeforValidationofthePerformanceofProcess
the analysis of a 1mL sample, is one hundred (100) to one
Stream Analyzer Systems
3
million (1000000). This is equivalent to 0.1 to 1000 mg/m .
D4084Test Method for Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide in
Gaseous Fuels (Lead Acetate Reaction Rate Method)
1.2 This practice does not purport to measure all sulfur
D4150Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
species in a sample. Only gas phase compounds that are
D4468Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by
transportedtoaninstrumentunderthemeasurementconditions
Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
selected are measured.
D4626Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Response Factors
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
D4810Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural Gas
standard.
Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
D5504TestMethodforDeterminationofSulfurCompounds
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
phy and Chemiluminescence
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D6621Practice for Performance Testing of ProcessAnalyz-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6122Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
variate Online, At-Line, Field and Laboratory Infrared
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer BasedAna-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
lyzer Systems
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D6228TestMethodforDeterminationofSulfurCompounds
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
phy and Flame Photometric Detection
D7493Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur
Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas
Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection
D7551Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile
SulfurinGaseousHydrocarbonsandLiquefiedPetroleum
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.12 on On-Line/At-Line
2
Analysis of Gaseous Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7165–10(2015). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7165-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7165 − 22
Gases and Natural Gas by Ultraviolet Fluorescence gaseous fuel properties using laboratory based methods, the
D7833Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons and user is referred to Test Methods D1072, D1945, D4084,
Non-Hydrocarbon Gases in Gaseous Mixtures by Gas
D4468, D4810, D7833, and Practices D4626, E594.
Chromatography
E594Practice for Testing Flame Ionization D
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7165 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) D7165 − 22
Standard Practice for
Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for
1
Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is for the determination of volatile gas phase sulfur-containing compounds in high methane content gaseous fuels
such as natural gas using on-line/at-line instrumentation, and continuous fuel monitors (CFMS). It has been successfully applied
to other types of gaseous samples including air, digester, landfill, and refinery fuel gas. The detection range for sulfur compounds,
reported as picograms sulfur, based upon the analysis of a 1 cc 1 mL sample, is one hundred (100) to one million
3
(1,000,000).(1 000 000). This is equivalent to 0.1 to 1,000 mg/m3.1000 mg/m .
1.2 This practice does not purport to measure all sulfur species in a sample. Only volatile gas phase compounds that are
transported to an instrument under the measurement conditions selected are measured.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This practicestandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this practicestandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1072 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Fuel Gases by Combustion and Barium Chloride Titration
D1945 Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
D3606D3609 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas ChromatographyPractice
for Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
D3764 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
D4084 Test Method for Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide in Gaseous Fuels (Lead Acetate Reaction Rate Method)
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
D4468 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.12 on On-Line/At-Line Analysis
of Gaseous Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2022. Published July 2015November 2022. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D7165D7165 – 10–10.(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D7165-10R15.10.1520/D7165-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7165 − 22
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D4810 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
D5504 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and
Chemiluminescence
D6621 Practice for Performance Testing of Process Analyzers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials
D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multivariate Online, At-Line, Field and Laboratory Infrared
Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer Based Analyzer Systems
D6228 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and
Flame Photometric Detection
D7493 Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatograph
and Electrochemical Detection
D7551 Test Method for Determination of Total
...

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ASTM
ASTM D3649-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gamma-ray spectrometry is of use in identifying radionuclides and in making quantitative measurements. Use of a semiconductor detector is necessary for high-resolution measurements.  
5.2 Variation of the physical geometry of the sample and its relationship with the detector will produce both qualitative and quantitative variations in the gamma-ray spectrum. To adequately account for these geometry effects, calibrations are designed to duplicate all conditions including source-to-detector distance, sample shape and size, and sample matrix encountered when samples are measured.  
5.3 Since some spectrometry systems are calibrated at many discrete distances from the detector, a wide range of activity levels can be measured on the same detector. For high-level samples, extremely low-efficiency geometries may be used. Quantitative measurements can be made accurately and precisely when high activity level samples are placed at distances of 10 cm or more from the detector.  
5.4 Electronic problems, such as erroneous deadtime correction, loss of resolution, and random summing, may be avoided by keeping the gross count rate below 2000 counts per second (s–1) and also keeping the deadtime of the analyzer below 5 %. Total counting time is governed by the radioactivity of the sample, the detector to source distance and the acceptable Poisson counting uncertainty.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the measurement of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in water by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. It is applicable to nuclides emitting gamma-rays with energies greater than 45 keV. For typical counting systems and sample types, activity levels of about 40 Bq are easily measured and sensitivities as low as 0.4 Bq are found for many nuclides. Count rates in excess of 2000 counts per second should be avoided because of electronic limitations. High count rate samples can be accommodated by dilution, by increasing the sample to detector distance, or by using digital signal processors.  
1.2 This practice can be used for either quantitative or relative determinations. In relative counting work, the results may be expressed by comparison with an initial concentration of a given nuclide which is taken as 100 %. For quantitative measurements, the results may be expressed in terms of known nuclidic standards for the radionuclides known to be present. This practice can also be used just for the identification of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in a sample without quantifying them. General information on radioactivity and the measurement of radiation has been published (1,2).2 Information on specific application of gamma spectrometry is also available in the literature (3-5). See also the referenced ASTM Standards in 2.1 and the related material section at the end of this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1999-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Cast Iron by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of cast iron alloys shall be determined accurately in order to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of cast iron by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown (Note 1):
Ranges, %  
Elements  
Applicable Range, %  
Quantitative Range, %A  
Carbon  
1.9 to 3.8  
1.90 to 3.8  
Chromium  
0 to 2.0  
0.025 to 2.0  
Copper  
0 to 0.75  
0.015 to 0.75  
Manganese  
0 to 1.8  
0.03 to 1.8  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.2  
0.01 to 1.2  
Nickel  
0 to 2.0  
0.02 to 2.0  
Phosphorus  
0 to 0.4  
0.005 to 0.4  
Silicon  
0 to 2.5  
0.15 to 2.5  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.08  
0.01 to 0.08  
Tin  
0 to 0.14  
0.004 to 0.14  
Titanium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Vanadium  
0 to 0.22  
0.008 to 0.22
Note 1: The ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing of reference materials. These ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap the bore of the spark stand opening (to effect an argon seal). The specimen thickness should be sufficient to prevent overheating during excitation. A heat sink backing may be used. The maximum thickness is limited only by the height that the stand will permit.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    7 pages
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off