ASTM D4150-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. These terms are used in:
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and various other physical properties, and
1.1.3 Other practices related to the processing, transmission, and distribution of gaseous fuels.
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Designation: D4150 − 08
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Btu—British thermal unit, the amount of energy required to
raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that
Fahrenheit. One Btu (International Table) is equal to
IT
are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels.
1055.056 J.
These terms are used in:
calorimeter—a device to measure the evolved heat resulting
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
from the combustion of a material.
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and
various other physical properties, and
compressed natural gas (CNG)—natural gas that is typically
1.1.3 Otherpracticesrelatedtotheprocessing,transmission, pressurized to 3600 psi. CNG is primarily used as a
and distribution of gaseous fuels.
vehicular fuel.
compressibility—the property of a material that permits it to
2. Referenced Documents
decrease in volume when subjected to an increase in
pressure.
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO NP 14532 Natural Gas—Terminology
compressibility factor (z)—a factor calculated by taking the
ratio of the actual volume of a given mass of gas at a
3. Terminology
specified temperature and pressure to its volume calculated
from the ideal gas law at the same conditions.
acid gas—natural gas containing high concentrations of hy-
drogen sulfide or carbon dioxide, or both, which is acidic
dew point—the temperature at any given pressure at which
when in contact with water or water vapor.
liquid initially condenses from a gas or vapor. It is specifi-
cally applied to the temperature at which water vapor starts
associated gas—natural gas, also known as gas-cap gas or
to condense from a gas mixture (water dew point), or at
dome gas, that overlies and is in immediate contact, but not
which hydrocarbons start to condense (hydrocarbon dew
in solution, with crude oil in a reservoir.
point).
at-line instrument—instrument requiring operator interaction
dissolved gas—natural gas held in solution in reservoir liquids
to sample gas directly from the pipeline.
at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the reservoir.
base conditions—temperature and pressure conditions at
dry gas—natural gas containing little or no water vapor.
which natural gas volumes are determined for purposes of
gas quality—quality of gaseous fuel, which is defined by its
custody transfer. In natural gas measurement the properties
composition and its physical properties.
of interest are temperature, pressure, and composition. As-
suming ideal gas properties, for simplicity, tables of pure
gross heating value (also called higher heating value)— the
compounds can be prepared for use in calculating gas
amount of energy per volume transferred as heat from the
properties for any composition at “base conditions.” These
complete, ideal combustion of the gas at standard tempera-
“base conditions” are chosen near ambient.
ture in which all the water formed by the reaction condenses
to liquid.
hydrate—a solid, crystalline material composed of water and
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on
components of natural gas formed under pressure at tem-
Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on
peratures above the freezing point of water.
Terminology Classification and Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
hydrocarbon dew point—(see dew point)
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4150 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D4150-08.
2
inert components—those elements or components of natural
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. gas (fuel gas) that do not contribute to the heating value.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4150 − 08
in-line instrument—instrument whose active element is in- nonassociated gas—natural gas not in contact with, nor
stalled in the pipeline and measures at pipeline conditions. dissolved in, reservoir liquids.
interchangeability—a measure of the degree to which com- on-line instrument—automated instrument that samples gas
bustion characteristics of one gas are comparable to those of directly from the pipeline, but is installed externally.
another gas. Two gases are interchangeable when one
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4150–03 Designation:D4150–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. These
terms are used in:
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and various other physical properties, and
1.1.3 Other practices related to the processing, transmission, and distribution of gaseous fuels.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO NP 14532 Natural Gas—Terminology
3. Terminology
acid gas—natural gas containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide, or both, which is acidic when in
contact with water or water vapor.
associated gas—natural gas, also known as gas-cap gas or dome gas, that overlies and is in immediate contact, but not in solution,
with crude oil in a reservoir.
at-line instrument—instrument requiring operator interaction to sample gas directly from the pipeline.
base conditions—temperature and pressure conditions at which natural gas volumes are determined for purposes of custody
transfer. In natural gas measurement the properties of interest are temperature, pressure, and composition. Assuming ideal gas
properties, for simplicity, tables of pure compounds can be prepared for use in calculating gas properties for any composition
at “base conditions.” These “base conditions” are chosen near ambient.
Btu—British thermal unit, the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
One Btu (International Table) is equal to 1055.056 J.
IT
calorimeter—a device to measure the evolved heat resulting from the combustion of a material.
compressed natural gas (CNG)—natural gas that is typically pressurized to 3600 psi. CNG is primarily used as a vehicular fuel.
compressibility—the property of a material that permits it to decrease in volume when subjected to an increase in pressure.
compressibility factor (z)—a factor calculated by taking the ratio of the actual volume of a given mass of gas at a specified
temperature and pressure to its volume calculated from the ideal gas law at the same conditions.
dew point—the temperature at any given pressure at which liquid initially condenses from a gas or vapor. It is specifically applied
to the temperature at which water vapor starts to condense from a gas mixture (water dew point), or at which hydrocarbons
start to condense (hydrocarbon dew point).
dissolved gas—natural gas held in solution in reservoir liquids at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the reservoir.
dry gas—natural gas containing little or no water vapor.
gas quality—quality of gaseous fuel, which is defined by its composition and its physical properties.
gross heating value (also called higherheating value)— the amount of energy per volume transferred as heat from the complete,
ideal combustion of the gas at standard temperature in which all the water formed by the reaction condenses to liquid.
hydrate—a solid, crystalline material composed of water and components of natural gas formed under pressure at temperatures
above the freezing point of water.
hydrocarbon dew point—(see dew point)
inert components—those elements or components of natural gas (fuel gas) that do not contribute to the heating value.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on Terminology
Classification and Specifications.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4150–00.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4150 – 03.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4150–08
in-line instrument—instrument whose active element is installed in the pip
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4150–03 Designation:D4150–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard defines the terms used in standards that are the responsiblity of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. These
terms are used in:
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and various other physical properties, and
1.1.3 Other practices related to the processing, transmission, and distribution of gaseous fuels.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO NP 14532 Natural Gas—Terminology
3. Terminology
acid gas—natural gas containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide, or both, which is acidic when in
contact with water or water vapor.
associated gas—natural gas, also known as gas-cap gas or dome gas, that overlies and is in immediate contact, but not in solution,
with crude oil in a reservoir.
at-line instrument—instrument requiring operator interaction to sample gas directly from the pipeline.
base conditions—temperature and pressure conditions at which natural gas volumes are determined for purposes of custody
transfer. In natural gas measurement the properties of interest are temperature, pressure, and composition. Assuming ideal gas
properties, for simplicity, tables of pure compounds can be prepared for use in calculating gas properties for any composition
at “base conditions.” These “base conditions” are chosen near ambient.
Btu—British thermal unit, the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
One Btu (International Table) is equal to 1055.056 J.
IT
calorimeter—a device to measure the evolved heat resulting from the combustion of a material.
compressed natural gas (CNG)—natural gas that is typically pressurized to 3600 psi. CNG is primarily used as a vehicular fuel.
compressibility—the property of a material that permits it to decrease in volume when subjected to an increase in pressure.
compressibility factor (z)—a factor calculated by taking the ratio of the actual volume of a given mass of gas at a specified
temperature and pressure to its volume calculated from the ideal gas law at the same conditions.
dew point—the temperature at any given pressure at which liquid initially condenses from a gas or vapor. It is specifically applied
to the temperature at which water vapor starts to condense from a gas mixture (water dew point), or at which hydrocarbons
start to condense (hydrocarbon dew point).
dissolved gas—natural gas held in solution in reservoir liquids at the prevailing temperature and pressure of the reservoir.
dry gas—natural gas containing little or no water vapor.
gas quality—quality of gaseous fuel, which is defined by its composition and its physical properties.
gross heating value (also called higherheating value)— the amount of energy per volume transferred as heat from the complete,
ideal combustion of the gas at standard temperature in which all the water formed by the reaction condenses to liquid.
hydrate—a solid, crystalline material composed of water and components of natural gas formed under pressure at temperatures
above the freezing point of water.
hydrocarbon dew point—(see dew point)
inert components—those elements or components of natural gas (fuel gas) that do not contribute to the heating value.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on Terminology
Classification and Specifications.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4150–00.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4150 – 03.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4150–08
in-line instrument—instrument whose active element is installed in the pip
...
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