ASTM D5752-10(2017)

Standard Specification for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general, physical, chemical, and performance requirements for supplemental coolant additives for use as precharging coolants in the cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. Test solutions shall be standard corrosive water, ethylene or propylene glycol in standard corrosive water, and NaCl dissolved in a solution of glycol in deionized water. These test solutions shall comply to the specific limits for the following requirements: corrosion in glassware mass loss; simulated service test mass loss; foaming; water pump cavitation erosion-corrosion rating; corrosion of cast aluminum alloys at heat-rejecting surfaces; ultrasonic cavitation resistance; supplemental coolant additive-glycol base coolant compatibility; hot surface scaling and deposits resistance; effect on nonmetals; storage stability; ash, chloride ion, and silicon contents; pH in distilled water; reserve alkalinity; and the effect on vehicle finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general, physical, chemical, and performance requirements for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) at a precharged level in the cooling systems of heavy-duty engines.  
Note 1: After precharging, SCAs are customarily used periodically to service cooling systems at 1/4 to 1/3 the precharged dosage to compensate for additives lost through dilution and depletion.  
1.2 The SCA products meeting this specification are intended for use with water, with recommended dilutions of coolant concentrates, with prediluted engine coolants, or to upgrade the performance of light-duty engine coolants to meet the heav-duty requirements of Specification D6210. Engine coolant products shall be of the low-silicate type and, if ethylene glycol based, shall meet Specification D4985. Propylene glycol base low-silicate type coolant products may also be used, if these materials meet the chemical and performance requirements of Specification D4985.  
1.3 The SCA concentrate, before dissolution, may be in either liquid, solid, or slurry form. The form is as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the user.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are approximate equivalents provided for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2017
• ICS: 71.100.45 - Refrigerants and antifreezes
• Technical Committee: D15 - Engine Coolants and Related Fluids
• Drafting Committee: D15.07 - Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5752-10 - Standard Specification for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM D1384-24 - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D1121-11(2020) - Standard Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Coolants and Antirusts
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1287-11(2020) - Standard Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Antirusts
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1384-05(2019) - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1177-19 - Standard Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4340-19 - Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D6130-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1881-17 - Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM E1177-14 - Standard Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1177-09(2014) - Standard Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2014
• Refers: ASTM D1882-96(2012) - Standard Test Method for Effect of Cooling System Chemical Solutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1384-05(2012) - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1126-12 - Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1293-12 - Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2012

Overview

ASTM D5752-10(2017) - Standard Specification for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines provides the requirements for SCAs used as precharge additives in engine cooling systems. These additives are essential for maintaining cooling system integrity and performance in heavy-duty engines, helping to prevent corrosion, scaling, and cavitation. The standard covers the physical, chemical, and performance properties required for SCAs when used in combination with water, ethylene glycol, or propylene glycol-based engine coolants.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose: The standard specifies the requirements for supplemental coolant additives at the precharged level to enhance corrosion protection, deposit control, and system longevity in heavy-duty engine cooling systems.
• Forms of SCAs: SCAs may be supplied as liquids, solids, or slurries, and their use is determined by agreement between the manufacturer and user.
• Compatibility and Storage: SCAs must be compatible with low-silicate engine coolants, whether ethylene glycol or propylene glycol-based, and must maintain stability under various storage conditions.
• Testing Solutions: The standard describes the preparation and use of test solutions for measuring corrosion inhibition, foaming, scaling, and additive compatibility. These tests include mass loss assessments, pump cavitation protection, and impact on nonmetallic materials.
• Performance Requirements: SCAs must meet strict limits for corrosion (in glassware and simulated service tests), foaming tendencies, water pump erosion, hot surface scaling, pH stability, reserve alkalinity, chloride and silicon content, and overall compatibility.
• Use and Maintenance: After initial precharging, SCAs are typically added at reduced doses during regular maintenance to replenish depleted additives and maintain protection.

Applications

Proper use of ASTM D5752-compliant SCAs is critical in a variety of heavy-duty applications, including:

• Truck and Bus Fleets: Protecting diesel and high-output gasoline engines, where system failures due to corrosion or cavitation can lead to costly downtime.
• Construction Equipment: Extending the lifespan of engines in harsh operating environments by preventing liner pitting and scaling in cooling systems.
• Industrial and Stationary Engines: SCAs are used to upgrade light-duty coolants to meet heavy-duty engine requirements, thus ensuring extended equipment service intervals.
• Maintenance Operations: Ensuring safe and effective annual or bi-annual service of engine cooling systems by maintaining the right SCA concentration, checking compatibility, and ensuring water used for dilution meets specified purity parameters.

When following ASTM D5752, users must also adhere to recommended maintenance practices: use the additive at manufacturer-specified levels, avoid over-concentration, and rely on compatible engine coolant and water quality to prevent adverse chemical reactions, precipitation, or deposit formation.

Related Standards

To ensure comprehensive coolant system protection and compliance, ASTM D5752-10(2017) should be considered alongside the following related standards:

• ASTM D6210 - Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines
• ASTM D4985 - Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines
• ASTM D5828 - Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concentrates
• ASTM D1384/D2570 - Test Methods for Corrosion Testing of Engine Coolants
• ASTM D1881/D1882 - Test Methods for Foaming Behavior and Effects on Organic Finishes

ASTM D5752-10(2017) serves as a critical specification for manufacturers, fleet operators, and maintenance professionals seeking to ensure the reliability and performance of heavy-duty engine cooling systems, reduce risks of failure due to coolant degradation, and comply with global standardization best practices.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5752 −10 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in
1,2
Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5752; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers the general, physical,
chemical, and performance requirements for Supplemental
2. Referenced Documents
CoolantAdditives (SCAs) at a precharged level in the cooling
systems of heavy-duty engines. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D512Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
NOTE 1—After precharging, SCAs are customarily used periodically to
D516Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
1 1
service cooling systems at ⁄4 to ⁄3 the precharged dosage to compensate
D1119Test Method for Percent Ash Content of Engine
for additives lost through dilution and depletion.
Coolants
1.2 The SCA products meeting this specification are in-
D1121Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Cool-
tended for use with water, with recommended dilutions of
ants and Antirusts
coolant concentrates, with prediluted engine coolants, or to
D1126Test Method for Hardness in Water
upgrade the performance of light-duty engine coolants to meet
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
the heav-duty requirements of Specification D6210. Engine
D1287TestMethodforpHofEngineCoolantsandAntirusts
coolant products shall be of the low-silicate type and, if
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
ethyleneglycolbased,shallmeetSpecificationD4985.Propyl-
D1384Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
ene glycol base low-silicate type coolant products may also be
in Glassware
used, if these materials meet the chemical and performance
D1881Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine
requirements of Specification D4985.
Coolants in Glassware
1.3 The SCA concentrate, before dissolution, may be in
D1882Test Method for Effect of Cooling System Chemical
either liquid, solid, or slurry form. The form is as agreed upon
Solutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive Vehicles
between the manufacturer and the user.
D2570TestMethodforSimulatedServiceCorrosionTesting
of Engine Coolants
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are approximate D2809Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-
Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-
equivalents provided for information only.
gine Coolants
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3634Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in Engine Cool-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ants
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4327Test Method forAnions in Water by Suppressed Ion
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Chromatography
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4340Test Method for Corrosion of CastAluminumAlloys
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D4985Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Engine Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines Requiring a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Pre-Charge of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)
D5827Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant for
Chloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD15onEngine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D15.07 on Specifications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5752-10. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D5752-10R17. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
be obtained by requesting Research Report: RR:D15-1024. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5752−10 (2017)
D5828Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental SCAs be used only in conjunction with coolant products
Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concen- meeting Specification D4985.
trates
4. Preparation of Test Solutions
D6129Test Method for Silicon in Engine Coolant Concen-
4.1 The preparation of test solutions for this specification is
trates by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
listed in Table 1. The glycol used, either ethylene glycol or
D6130Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other
propylene glycol, shall meet Specification E1177. Where
Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled
distilled water is required, it shall conform to Type IV of
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Specification D1193.
D6210Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-
gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines
4.2 The quantity of any freshly prepared test solution
D6471Specification for Recycled Prediluted Aqueous Gly-
required in this specification shall be sufficient to perform the
col Base Engine Coolant (50 Volume % Minimum) for
specific tests. However, no test solution shall be stored longer
Automobile and Light-Duty Service
than 96 h before initiation of a specific procedure.
D6472SpecificationforRecycledGlycolBaseEngineCool-
5. Detailed Requirements
ant Concentrate for Automobile and Light-Duty Service
E1177Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol
5.1 Test solutions prepared according to Table 1 shall meet
G32Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory
the performance requirements in Table 2, the general require-
Apparatus
ments in Table 3, and the physical and chemical requirements
2.2 Other Document:
in Table 4.
Federal Method 2540BTotal Dissolved Solids Dried at
5.2 TheSCAsshalladditionallyprovideaddedprotectionin
103–105°C
operating engines against cavitation corrosion (also termed
liner pitting) and against scaling of internal engine hot sur-
3. General Requirements
faces. Hot surfaces are typically within the engine head, head
3.1 The SCA concentrate upon addition to water or water/
spacer, or liquid-cooled exhaust manifold, oil coolers, after
glycol mixtures at the SCA manufacturer’s recommended
coolers, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers. The
addition level shall provide the same performance as coolants
American Society for Testing and Materials has test methods
meeting Specification D6210, except for freeze and boil
under development for both cavitation corrosion and hot
protection.
surfaces scaling. Until these procedures are adopted asASTM
3.2 Liquid SCAconcentrates shall be storable in the manu- standards, the mandatory requirements of Annex A1 shall
facturer’soriginalcontainerattemperaturesfrom−7to+55°C apply.
(20 to 130°F) without chemical change. Any precipitation of
6. Keywords
ingredientsevidencedbythedropoutofsolidmaterialorliquid
6.1 heavy-duty engine coolants; precharging heavy-duty
turbidity shall disappear upon agitation and warming of the
engines; SCA; supplemental coolant additives
solution to a temperature exceeding 2°C (35°F).
3.3 Solid, slurry, and paste forms of SCA concentrate shall
TABLE 1 Composition of Test Solutions for Table 2 Performance
A
be so formulated and packaged as to prevent chemical or Requirements
physical change during storage before use. This requirement Test Method SCA Concentrate Solvent Mixture
B
applies to storage temperatures of −7 to+55°C (20 to 130°F), D1384 one-half manufacturer’s standard corrosive water
recommended precharged
regardless of humidity.
level
D1384 three times manufacturer’s 33 vol % glycol in standard
3.4 The SCA concentrates, when used according to the
B, C
recommended precharged corrosive water
manufacturer’s recommendations, shall dissolve totally in the
level
test solutions required in this specification. A light haze is
D1881 manufacturer’s recommended 33 vol % glycol in standard
B, C
precharge level corrosive water
permitted.
D2570 manufacturer’s recommended 44 vol % glycol in standard
B, C
3.5 If an engine, vehicle, or servicing organization recom- precharge level corrosive water
D2809 manufacturer’s recommended 16.7 vol % glycol in standard
mends adding a precharge dosage of an SCAproduct to a fully
B, C
precharge level corrosive water
formulated coolant governed by Specification D6210, that
D4340 manufacturer’s recommended 165-mg/L NaCl dissolved in a
organization assumes responsibility for determining the com- precharge level 1-L solution of 25 vol %
C, D
glycol in deionized water
patibilityandconductingsuitabletests.ASTMhasdevelopeda
A
Test solution to be prepared according to Section 4.
compatibility test (Test Method D5828), which may be used.
B
See Section 7 of Test Method D2570 for composition and method of preparation
At the present time, it is recommended that precharge doses of
of standard corrosive water.
C
The glycol used shall be ethylene glycol or propylene glycol and each shall meet
Specification E1177.
D
Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Water conforming to Type IV of Specification D1193 is acceptable.
Public Health Association, et al, 1015 15th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005.
D5752−10 (2017)
A
TABLE 2 Performance Requirements
Property Specific Values Test Method
Corrosion in glassware mass loss, D1384
mg/specimen
Copper 10 max
Solder 30 max
Brass 10 max
Steel 10 max
Cast iron 10 max
Aluminum 30 max
Simulated service test mass loss, D2570
mg/specimen
Copper 20 max
Solder 60 max
Brass 20 max
Steel 20 max
Cast iron 20 max
Aluminum 60 max
Foaming D1881
Volume, mL 150 max
Break time, s 5 max
Water pump cavitation erosion- 8min D2809
corrosion rating
Corrosion of cast aluminum alloys at 1.0 max D4340
heat-rejecting surfaces, mg/cm /week
Ultrasonic cavitation resistance see Annex A1 under development
B
SCA-glycol base coolant compatibility D5828
Hot surface scaling and deposits . under development
C
resistance
A
Test solutions for use in meeting Table 2 performance requirements are to be
prepared according to Table 1.
B
SCA products may be required to meet a compatibility requirement. Although
Test Method D5828 has been developed, ASTM has not established allowable
limits. Until allowable limits have been approved, an agreement must be estab-
lished between the SCA manufacturer and engine or vehicle user. This agreement
shall include a definition of the test procedure, acceptable equipment, and the
performance rating criteria.
C
See Appendix X2 for additional information.
TABLE 3 General Requirements
Property Specific Value Test Method
A
Effect on nonmetals no adverse effect under consideration
Storage stability see 3.2 and 3.3 .
A
Evaluate using the SCA concentrate at the manufacturer’s recommended
precharge level in a 50:50 volume mixture of distilled water and ethylene glycol or
distilled water and propylene glycol, each glycol conforming to Specification
E1177.
TABLE 4 Physical and Chemical Properties
A
Property Specific Values Test Method
Ash content, dissolved in distilled 5 max D1119
water, mass, %
pH, in distilled water 7.5 to 11.0 D1287
B
Reserve alkalinity, in distilled water report D1121
C
Chloride ion, in distilled water, ppm 25 max D3634, D5827
Silicon, in distilled water, ppm 250 max D6129, D6130
D
Effect on vehicle finish no effect D1882
A
Property must be met with the specified solution, at an SCA precharge addition
level recommended by the SCA manufacturer. (This is usually 3 % by volume.)
B
Value agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
C
In case of dispute, Test Method D3634 shall be the preferred test method.
D
Currently, many heavy-duty engine manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers
that use these engines prepare test panels using the specific paint finishes used
on their actual products. Coolant product manufacturers and equipment builders
should agree on the exact test procedures and acceptance criteria on an individual
case basis.
D5752−10 (2017)
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCAs
A1.1 Test methods to determine cavitation corrosion resis- A1.2.3 In-service qualification tests may consist of single-
tance are under development. Several chemical compositions ormultiple-cylinderenginetests.Attheoptionoftheengineor
of SCAs have been extensively tested by producers and users vehicle manufacturer, such testing may be conducted in “loose
andfoundtominimizesatisfactorilycylinderlinercavitationin engines” or in engines fully integrated into an application such
actual test engines. Until such time as an ASTM procedure is as a vehicle, a power boat, or a stationary power source. One
adopted that effectively evaluates cylinder liner cavitation such test has been developed.
corrosion, SCA formulations under this specification shall
A1.3 Chemical composition requirements for cavitation
provide the following when used at the SCA manufacturer’s
corrosion protection will be removed from this specification
recommended precharge addition level:
and replaced with anASTM test method when a test method is
−
A1.1.1 Aminimumconcentrationofnitriteas(NO )inthe
developed and adopted.
cooling system of 1200 ppm, or
A1.4 No specific chemical composition requirements for
A1.1.2 A minimum combined concentration of nitrite as
− −2
hot surface scaling and deposit resistance have been estab-
(NO ) plus molybdate as (MoO ) in the cooling system of
2 4
− −2
lished at this time. A test procedure for this property is under
780ppm.Atleast300ppme
...