ASTM D7464-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Representative samples of fuel products and associated substances are required for the determination of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems in order to accurately assess the biodeterioration risk posed to the fuel, fuel-system components or both. Uncontrolled microbial contamination can affect fuel specification properties adversely.6 As discussed in Guide D6469, microbes can cause a variety of operational problems, including filter plugging and microbially influenced corrosion (MIC), the latter of which causes valve failure, tank and pipeline failure.
5.2 These practices for microbiological sampling decrease the risk of contaminating samples with extraneous microbes, thereby increasing the probability that the original microbial population in the sample does not change significantly between the time of sampling and the time of testing.
5.3 The objective of sampling for microbiological testing is to obtain representative samples that are likely to reflect the degree and nature of microbial contamination in the system from which the samples are collected. Manual 477 addresses the rational for and design of microbial contamination programs. Recognizing that microbiological contamination is not distributed uniformly throughout fuel systems, both the number and types of samples collected will normally be different from the samples collected per Practice D4057 in order to determine whether product meets specifications.
5.4 The physical, chemical and microbiological property tests to be performed on a sample will dictate the sampling procedures, the sample quantity required, and many of the sample handling requirements.
5.5 Fuel systems are not normally designed to facilitate optimal microbiological sampling. Consequently, the selection of sampling device and sample source reflect compromises between accessibility and suitability for meeting the sample collection objective.
5.6 The guidance provided in Practice D4057 generally applies to t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device preparation and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained within the sample.
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling considerations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for microbiological testing.
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when samples are to be tested for microbial contamination.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7464 − 14
Standard Practice for
Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and
1
Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There are several important characteristics that distinguish microbiological parameters from other
parameters for which manually collected fuel samples are tested.
Microbes, when present in fuels or fuel systems are invariably present as contaminants. Similarly
to particulates, microbes are discrete entities rather than dissolved solutes in fuel, however, unlike
inanimate particles; microbes can proliferate or die during the interval between sampling and testing.
An important consequence of this is that microbes introduced into the sample from sources other
than the sample itself, can proliferate and potentially eclipse the population indigenous to the sample.
Although microbes can be transported in fuel, they require free-water in order to grow and
proliferate. Consequently, microbes tend to form colonies that are embedded in hydrophilic matrices.
These matrices are most likely to form at system interfaces, including: fuel-water, fuel-structure,
bottom-water-structure and air and fuel-vapor to structure. Microbes growing within these colonies
producechemicals(metabolitesandbiomoleculardetritus)thataredeteriogenic(candegradefueland
fuel system components) and diffuse into fuel.
These factors combine to require unique practices specific to the collection of samples that are
intended for microbiological testing.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device prepara-
tion and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming
2. Referenced Documents
contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
within the sample.
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling consider-
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
ations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
microbiological testing.
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
samples are to be tested for microbial contamination.
D2069Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
D2880Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D3508Method for Evaluating Water Testing Membrane
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
Filters for Fecal Coliform Recovery (Withdrawn 1995)
standard.
D3699Specification for Kerosine
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7464–08 (2013). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D7464-14. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7464 − 14
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine 4.3.1 Canister Elements:
Fuel 4.3.1.1 Filter elements are transferred aseptically to sterile
D5245 Practice for Cleaning Laboratory Glassware, plastic bags.
Plasticware, and Equipment Used in Microbiological 4.3.1.2 The post-sampling chain of custody procedures for
Analyses liquid samples apply.
D6227Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con- 4.3.2 Depth Media:
taining a Non-hydrocarbon Component 4.3.2.1 Media core-sampl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7464 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D7464 − 14
Standard Practice for
Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and
1
Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There are several important characteristics that distinguish microbiological parameters from other
parameters for which manually collected fuel samples are tested.
Microbes, when present in fuels or fuel systems are invariably present as contaminants. Similarly
to particulates, microbes are discrete entities rather than dissolved solutes in fuel, however, unlike
inanimate particles; microbes can proliferate or die during the interval between sampling and testing.
An important consequence of this is that microbes introduced into the sample from sources other
than the sample itself, can proliferate and potentially eclipse the population indigenous to the sample.
Although microbes can be transported in fuel, they require free-water in order to grow and
proliferate. Consequently, microbes tend to form colonies that are embedded in hydrophilic matrices.
These matrices are most likely to form at system interfaces, including: fuel-water, fuel-structure,
bottom-water-structure and air and fuel-vapor to structure. Microbes growing within these colonies
produce chemicals (metabolites and biomolecular detritus) that are deteriogenic (can degrade fuel and
fuel system components) and diffuse into fuel.
These factors combine to require unique practices specific to the collection of samples that are
intended for microbiological testing.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device preparation and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming
contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained within the sample.
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling considerations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for
microbiological testing.
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when samples
are to be tested for microbial contamination.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published August 2013October 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D7464 – 08.D7464 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D7464-08R13.10.1520/D7464-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7464 − 14
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D2069 Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
3
D3508 Method for Evaluating Water Testing Membrane Filters for Fecal Coliform Recovery (Withdrawn 1995)
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5245 Practice for Cleaning Laboratory Glassware, Plasticware, and Equipment Used in Microbiological Analyses
D6227 Spe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.