ASTM E2223-13(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudinally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been previously indicated by AE examination.
5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel's wall. Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the search unit (several skip distances).
5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylinders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter and wall thicknesses between 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure vessel sidewall.
5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be transverse to the beam direction.
5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213.
1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those in assemblies.
1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must be specified by the using parties.
Note 1: Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method E1419, Appendix X1.
1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2223 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure
Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 Thispracticedescribesacontactangle-beamshearwave
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to com-
pare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities
2. Referenced Documents
to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not
2.1 ASTM Standards:
address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of
contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of
notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213. E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
Testing
1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examina-
E587 Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing
tion of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pres-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
sure vessels such as those used for the storage and transporta-
E1419 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled,
tion of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
vessels and those in assemblies.
E2192 Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an
2.2 ASNT Documents:
Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualifi-
gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area)
cation and Certification
described in Test Method E1419.
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria.
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
These are determined by the reference notch dimensions,
2.3 AIA Document:
which must be specified by the using parties.
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification
NOTE 1—Background information relating to the technical require-
and Certification
ments of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method
E1419, Appendix X1.
3. Terminology
1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are re-
3.1 Terminology relating to this practice for angle-beam
garded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be
shear wave ultrasonic examination is defined in Terminology
approximate.
E1316.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Methodology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 An ultrasonic pulse-echo contact angle-beam, shear
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
wave technique with the beam directed circumferentially is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on the ASTM website.
Ultrasonic Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
ε1 4
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2223 – 13(2018) . Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
DOI: 10.1520/E2223-13R22. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2223 − 13 (2022)
used to locate surface breaking discontinuities in the cylindri- 6.3.1 The extent of the examination shall be in accordance
cal wall of a pressure vessel. The amplitude of the reflected with the procedures in Sections 9 and 10 unless otherwise
signal from the discontinuity is compared to that of a known specified.
reference notch. Scanning is performed in both clockwise and 6.3.2 The reference notch dimensions shall be specified by
counter clockwise directions to detect and confirm the position the regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement,
of the discontinuity identified in the AE examination report. or both.
6.4 Reporting Criteria
5. Significance and Use
6.4.1 Reporting criteria for the examination results shall be
5.1 Thepurposeofthispracticeistoprovideaprocedurefor inaccordancewithSection 11unlessotherwisespecified.Since
acceptance criteria are not specified in this standard, they shall
locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudi-
nally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been be defined in accordance with Section 8 and by the regulatory
authority or stated in the contractual agreement.
previously indicated by AE examination.
6.5 Reexamination of Repaired/Reworked Items
5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is
6.5.1 Reexamination of repaired/reworked items is not ad-
situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel’s wall.
dressedinthisstandardandifrequiredshallbespecifiedbythe
Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad
regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or
cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a
both.
frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential
location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the
7. Apparatus
search unit (several skip distances).
7.1 Ultrasonicpulse-echoinstrumentationshallhaveamini-
5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylin-
mum capacity of examining at center frequencies from 2 ⁄4 to
ders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter
5 MHz. The instrument, search units and related equipment
and wall thicknesses between ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm)
shall be cable of displaying the peak amplitude of the indica-
with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure
tion from the reference notch in the standardization ring, as
vessel sidewall.
describedinSection8,andlocatingitscircumferentialposition
5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in
over the full sweep range required for coverage of the vessel to
this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be
be examined.
transverse to the beam direction.
7.1.1 Each search unit used for this technique shall have the
5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces appropriate frequency and refracted angle for the material and
indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.
geometry of the pressure vessel that is being examined. The
frequency and angle of the search unit is selected during
6. Basis of Application
standardization and is related to diameter, wall thickness and
the type of steel used for the vessel and corresponding
6.1 Personnel Qualification
standardization rings.
6.1.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel
7.1.1.1 The angle and frequency of the search unit to be
performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified in
used shall be determined by using different search units on a
accordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel quali-
standardization ring that represents the examination piece. A
fication practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,
search unit which can satisfactorily detect and display the
SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document and certified by
indication from the notch in the standardization ring at the
the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The standard
maximum distance to be used during the examination shall be
used and its applicable revision shall be specified by the
selected for setting up the Distance Amplitude Correction
regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or
(DAC) curve for examination in accordance with 9.3.
both.
7.1.1.2 Select search units for evaluation from those having
6.1.2 Additional Personnel Training
frequencies 2 ⁄4 and 5 MHz with refracted angles of 45° to 75°
6.1.2.1 Personnel performing this type of examination shall
in steel, and in available commercial sizes. Those producing
have additional training in the following topics.
the required sensitivity and DAC response on the appropriate
6.1.3 Construction and manufacturing techniques for seam-
standardization ring are acceptable. These search units have
less steel pressure vessels.
generally been found satisfactory for the examination of the
6.1.4 Familiarity with the types of discontinuities that may
type of vessels specified in 5.3.
occur in these types of pressure vessels.
7.1.1.3 The search unit shall be comprised of a transducer
mountedona
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