ASTM D7421-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils at selected temperatures specified for use in applications where not only high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating oils used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles, gear-hydraulic circuit, rear axles, gears and engine components. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, gears and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
Note 1—This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7421 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using
SRV Test Machine
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics,
Steel
gears and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation mo-
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
tion using the SRV test machine.
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round
robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. DIN 51631:1999 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spir-
This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for
its; requirements
greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
free-cutting steels – Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(Replaces DIN 17230-1980)
standard.
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-
tions (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
having stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
characterization using linear material ratio curve [Re-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
placement of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
roughness; parameters R ,R ,R ,M ,M for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. K PK VK r1 r2
description of the material portion]
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions:
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
Bearing Steel
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
system’s long-term behavior. G40
Products, and Lubricants
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, µorf, n—in tribology, the
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High- dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two
bodies to the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together.
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop- G40
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—apparent area of contact
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
other, as calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deforma-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
tion published in 1881. G40
Subcommittee D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of High
Performance Fluids and Solids. 3.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, n—magnitude of the pres-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originally
sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7421–08. DOI:
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation. The
10.1520/D7421-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung
the ASTM website. e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421 − 11
Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported
as maximum value P in the centre of the contact or as
max
P as average over the total
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7421–08 Designation:D7421–11
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingextremepressurepropertiesoflubricatingoilsforhydraulics,gearsand
engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This
procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency,
Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test
Machine
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 51631:1999 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spirits; requirements
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels – Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels (Replaces
DIN 17230-1980)
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having
stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio curve [Replacement of DIN
4776:1990:Measurementofsurfaceroughness;parametersR ,R ,R ,M ,M forthedescriptionofthematerialportion]
K PK VK r1 r2
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO 1250:1972Mineral solvents for paints, white spirits and related hydrocarbon solvents
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology,aninitialtransitionprocessoccurringinnewlyestablishedwearingcontacts,oftenaccompanied
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0 on
Industrial Lubricants.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. DOI: 10.1520/D7421-08.on Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids
and Solids.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7421–08. DOI:
10.1520/D7421-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421–11
by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological system’s long-term
behavior. G40
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction,µorf, n—in tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to the
normal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G40
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—apparent area of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed
...
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