ASTM D8090-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution and Shape Analysis of Paints and Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution and Shape Analysis of Paints and Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 By following this test method, the particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape of particulates in liquid paint and pigment dispersions can be measured.
5.2 Particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape have a great effect on the color, opacity and gloss of paints. Reproducing these characteristics is critical to the quality and performance of the paint produced.
5.3 The dynamic imaging instrument is useful during manufacturing to detect oversize particles as well as the required size distribution of particles in order to provide quality and consistency from batch to batch.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution and particle shape of liquid paints and pigmented liquid coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This method includes the reporting of particles ≥1 µm in size and up to 300 µm in size.
Note 1: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
Note 2: The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not introduced into the paint.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8090 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution and Shape Analysis of Paints and
1
Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
size distribution and particle shape of liquid paints and 2.2 Other Documents:
pigmented liquid coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This NIST SRM 1982 Thermal Spray Powder – Particle Size
3
method includes the reporting of particles≥1 µm in size and up Distribution
to 300 µm in size. ISO12103-1 Medium Test Dust
NOTE 1—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is
3. Terminology
not a reporting requirement.
NOTE 2—The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid
3.1 For the definition of terms used in this standard refer to
paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
Terminology D16.
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the
3.2 Definitions:
imaginginstrumentwithoutdilutionwhichmaybeusedtohelp
3.2.1 bubble, n—a non paint, gaseous formation within the
the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thick walled
introduced into the paint.
ring with a transparent center.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.2 droplet, n—a non paint, liquid formation within the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin walled
standard.
ring with a transparent center.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 projected equivalent particle diameter, n—the diam-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eter calculated from the projected area o fa particle if that area
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
formed a circle, and in equation form is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter ~D!5 SQRT~Area/ ~π⁄4!!
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5= Area/0.785
~ !
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 projected equivalent particle volume (V ), n—the
D
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
particle volume based on the projected equivalent particle
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
diameter, and in equation form is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3
Projected Equivalent Particle Volume V 5πD ⁄6 (1)
~ !
D
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5 volume fraction, n—the fraction of the total volume of
2. Referenced Documents
particles measured which are below a given percent, and are
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: denoted as follows:
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
3.2.5.1 Dv10—the projected equivalent diameter below
Applications
which 10 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is
represented.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
3.2.5.2 Dv50—the projected equivalent diameter below
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
which 50 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
represented.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
D8090-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8090 − 17
3.2.5.3 Dv90—the projected equivalent diameter below through cell, an image capture device, means of illumination
which 90 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is and software and readout capabilities. Fig. 1 shows a typical
represented. gravity feed system.
7.2 Paint Shak
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8090 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution and Shape Analysis of Paints and
1
Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
size distribution and particle shape of liquid paints and 2.2 Other Documents:
pigmented liquid coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This NIST SRM 1982 Thermal Spray Powder – Particle Size
3
method includes the reporting of particles ≥1 µm in size and up Distribution
to 300 µm in size. ISO12103-1 Medium Test Dust
NOTE 1—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is
3. Terminology
not a reporting requirement.
NOTE 2—The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid
3.1 For the definition of terms used in this standard refer to
paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
Terminology D16.
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the
3.2 Definitions:
imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help
3.2.1 bubble, n—a non paint, gaseous formation within the
the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thick walled
introduced into the paint.
ring with a transparent center.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.2 droplet, n—a non paint, liquid formation within the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin walled
standard.
ring with a transparent center.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 projected equivalent particle diameter, n—the diam-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eter calculated from the projected area o fa particle if that area
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
formed a circle, and in equation form is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter ~D!5 SQRT Area/ π ⁄ 4
~ ~ !!
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5 =~Area/0.785!
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 projected equivalent particle volume (V ), n—the
D
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
particle volume based on the projected equivalent particle
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
diameter, and in equation form is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3
Projected Equivalent Particle Volume~ V ! 5 πD ⁄6 (1)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D
3.2.5 volume fraction, n—the fraction of the total volume of
2. Referenced Documents
particles measured which are below a given percent, and are
2
denoted as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and
3.2.5.1 Dv10—the projected equivalent diameter below
Applications
which 10 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is
represented.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
3.2.5.2 Dv50—the projected equivalent diameter below
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
which 50 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
represented.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
D8090-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8090 − 17
3.2.5.3 Dv90—the projected equivalent diameter below through cell, an image capture device, means of illumination
which 90 % of the total volume of all particles analyzed is and software and readout capabilities. Fig. 1 shows a typical
represented. gravity feed system.
7.2 Paint Shaker—any device manufactured to agitate and
4. Summary of Test Method
mix paints in their containers.
4.1 Test specimen are fed thro
...
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