ASTM D8114-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.
5.2 Use—The Sequence VIE test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:
5.2.1 Specification D4485.
5.2.2 API 1509.
5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.
5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi-viscosity oils used in these applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:
Subject
Section
Introduction
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus
6
General
6.1
Test Engine Configuration
6.2
Laboratory Ambient Conditions
6.3
Engine Speed and Torque Control
6.4
Dynamometer
6.4.1
Dynamometer Torque
6.4.2
Engine Cooling System
6.5
External Oil System
6.6
Fuel System
6.7
Fuel Flow Measurement
6.7.2
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter
6.7.3
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail
6.7.4
Fuel Supply Pumps
6.7.5
Fuel Filtering
6.7.6
Engine Intake Air Supply
6.8
Intake Air Humidity
6.8.1
Intake Air Filtration
6.8.2
Intake Air Pressure Relief
6.8.3
Temperature Measurement
6.9
Thermocouple Location
6.9.5
AFR Determination
6.10
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems
6.11
Exhaust Manifolds
6.11.1
Laboratory Exhaust System
6.11.2
Exhaust Back Pressure
6.11.3
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations
6.12
Engine Oil
6.12.2
Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter
6.12.3
Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail
6.12.4
Exhaust Back Pressure
6.12.5
Intake Air
6.12.6
Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure
6.12.7
Coolant Flow Differential Pressure
6.12.8
Crankcase Pressure
6.12.9
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus
6.13
Test Engine Configuration
6.13.1
ECU (Power Control Module)
6.13.2
Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate
6.13.3
Wiring Harness
6.13.4
Thermostat Block-Off Plate
6.13.5
Oil Filter Adapter Plate
6.13.6
Modified Throttle Body Assembly
6.13.7
Fuel Rail
6.13.8
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation
6.14
Reagents and Materials
7
Engine Oil
7.1
Test Fuel
7.2
Engine Coolant
7.3
Cleaning Materials...
General Information
Relations
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8114 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel
Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in
1,2
Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
3
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Gear Lubricant
Review Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D8114 – 22a. DOI: 10.1520/
3
D8114-23. Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
2
The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by an will update changes in the test method by means of Information Letters. Information
ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in an Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
ASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as Research Drive, Freeport, PA 16229, www.astmtmc.org. Attention: Director. This edition
Report RR:D02-1469, dated April 8, 1999. incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 23-1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8114 − 23
fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with
Engine Oil 7.1
Test Fuel 7.2
gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8114 − 22a D8114 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel
Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in
1,2
Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
3
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Gear Lubricant
Review Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022July 1, 2023. Published September 2022July 2023. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as
D8114 – 22.D8114 – 22a. DOI: 10.1520/D8114-22A.10.1520/D8114-23.
2
The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by an ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in an ASTM
special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as Research Report RR:D02-1469, dated April 8, 1999.
3
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of Information Letters. Information Letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229, www.astmtmc.org. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates
revisions in all Information Letters through No. 22-1.23-1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8114 − 23
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8114 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel
Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in
1,2
Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
3
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Gear Lubricant
Review Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the
2
The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by an
measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the
ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in an
ASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as Research
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Report RR:D02-1469, dated April 8, 1999.
3
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Subcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils. will update changes in the test method by means of Information Letters. Information
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D8114 – 22a. DOI: 10.1520/ Drive, Freeport, PA 16229, www.astmtmc.org. Attention: Director. This edition
D8114-23. incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 23-1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8114 − 23
fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with
Engine Oil 7.1
Test Fuel 7.2
gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted
Engine Coolant 7.3
using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of
Cleaning Materials 7.4
4
3.6 L (General Motors
...
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