ASTM A395/A395M-99(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements. These iron castings shall meet the specified values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the casting shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, and phosphorous. The material shall meet the required tensile properties, hardness, and microstructure. The iron casting shall undergo pressure test after machining. The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall be indicated. The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not exceed the prescribed limit. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas shall not be less than twice the distance from the nearest plug. Three Y-blocks shall be utilized as test coupons. The material shall undergo the following test methods: tension test, chemical analysis, yield strength test, and hardness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450°F. For temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Grade 60–40–18 castings are suitable (Note 1).
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components are generally manufactured in advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A 834 may be utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1—For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A395/A395M −99(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA395/A395M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope A834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron
Castings for General Industrial Use
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Cast-
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
ings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450°F. For
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in.
temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Grade
(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
60–40–18 castings are suitable (Note 1).
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping
in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
components are generally manufactured in advance and sup-
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
plied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-
A834 may be utilized.
tion of Chemical Composition
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
F1476 Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechani-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
cal Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
F1548 SpecificationforPerformanceofFittingsforUsewith
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in Piping Applica-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
tions
with the standard.
2.2 Manufacturer’sStandardizationSocietyoftheValveand
NOTE 1—For service other than as specified in this section, reference
Fittings Industry Standard:
should be made to Specification A536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
SP 25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Flanges, Pipe
Fittings, and Unions
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Classification
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
3.1 Castings ordered to this specification are classified by
Graphite in Iron Castings
grades based on mechanical property requirements, as listed in
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Table 1. See note following Table 1.
of Steel Products
A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
4. Ordering Information
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
the following applicable information:
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
4.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identifications,
4.1.1.1 For grade 65-45-15, drawing indicating critical ar-
ea(s) of casting (see 7.2.2 and 7.3.2).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
4.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings.
4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
4.1.4 Grade (See Table 1), if a Grade is not specified, the
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A395/A395M – 99
manufacturer shall supply grade 60-40-18.
(2004). DOI: 10.1520/A0395_A0395M-99R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
the ASTM website. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A395/A395M − 99 (2009)
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements
7.1.1 The ductile iron as represented by the test specimens
Property Grade 60-40-18 Grade 65-45-15 shallconformtothemechanicalpropertyrequirementsinTable
Tensile Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 60 000 [415] 65 000 [450]
1.
Yield Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 40 000 [275] 45 000 [310]
Elongation in 2 in. Minimum, % 18 15
7.2 Hardness:
Hardness HB, 3000 kgf Load 143-187 156-201
7.2.1 For Grade 60–40–18, the hardness of the castings and
test specimens shall be within the limits in Table 1.
7.2.2 For Grade 65–45–15, the hardness of test specimen
4.1.5 Heat-treating requirements (see 5.2.1),
and the critical area(s) of the casting, as identified on the
4.1.6 Pressure test requirements (see 7.4.3),
casting drawing, shall be within the limits in Table 1. If the
4.1.7 Test samples from castings (see 11.1.1 and 12.1.1),
grade 65–45–15 casting drawing does not have critical area(s)
4.1.8 Test coupons size (see 11.2),
of the casting identified, all areas of the casting shall be within
4.1.9 Metallographic option (see 12.1.1),
the hardness limits in Table 1.
4.1.10 Place of inspection (see 16.1),
4.1.11 Certification requirements (see 17.1),
7.3 Microstructure:
4.1.12 Identification marking (see 18.2), and
7.3.1 For Grade 60-40-18, the microstructure of the sepa-
4.1.13 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.4, 7.4.2,S1and
rately cast test coupon or the casting shall be essentially ferritic
S2).
and contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of 90 %
Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 1 or Plate I of Test
5. Materials and Manufacture
Method A247.
5.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice shall
7.3.2 For Grade 65-45-15, the microstructure of the critical
be optional with the foundry.
areas of the casting, as identified on the casting drawing, shall
5.2 Except as provided in 5.2.1, all castings Grade 60-40-18
be 45 % pearlitic, maximum, contain no massive carbides, and
shall be given a ferritizing heat treatment that produces
have a minimum 90 % Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig.
essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive car-
1 or Plate I of Test Method A247.
bides.
5.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, Grade 60-40-18 7.4 Pressure Test Requirements :
castings may be provided in an as-cast condition provided they
7.4.1 Each pressure retaining Grade 60-40-18 casting shall
comply with the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2.1.
be tested after machining to the test pressure specified by the
5.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 5.2.1 may be
applicable standard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and Pressure
stress relieved by agreement between the manufacturer and
Vessel Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.
purchaser.
7.4.2 Castings Grade 65-45-15 manufactured under this
5.3 Castings Grade 65-45-15 may be provided in as-cast
specification shall be capable of passing hydrostatic test(s)
condition or heat treated, provided they comply with the
compatible with the rating of the finished cast component.
requirements of 7.1, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2.
Such tests shall be conducted by the casting manufacturer only
when Supplementary Requirement S2 is specified.
6. Chemical Requirements
7.4.3 Castings Grade 60-40-18, ordered under this specifi-
6.1 The casting shall conform to the following requirements
cation not covered by ANSI standards and ASME Pressure
for chemical composition (Note 2):
VesselCode,andcastingsforspecialserviceapplications,shall
Total carbon, min, % 3.00
be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon by the
Silicon, max, % 2.50
manufacturer and the purchaser.
Phosphorus, max, % 0.08
7.4.4 For castings Grade 60-40-18, it is realized that the
6.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made
foundry may be unable to perform the hydrostatic test prior to
on chilled cast pencil type specimens or from thin wafers
shipment, or that the purchaser may wish to defer testing until
approximately ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] thick cut from test coupons.
additional work or machining has been performed on the
Drillings are not reliable because of the probable loss of
graphite. casting. Castings ordered in the rough state for final machining
by the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to ship-
6.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01 % below the maximum
specified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08 % silicon ment by the manufacturer at pressures to be agreed upon with
above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a the purchaser. However, the foundry is responsible for the
maximum of 2.75 %.
satisfactory performance of the castings under the final hydro-
static test.
NOTE 2—Silicon contents above 2.75 %, or phosphorus contents above
0.08 % have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the material. If
the carbon content is below 3.00 %, excess cementite may form during 8. Workmanship and Finish
cooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, the impact
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
resistance of the material may be lowered.
and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot
7. Requirements
tears. Any other surface discontinuities shall meet visual
7.1 Tensile Properties: acceptance standards specified in the order.
A395/A395M − 99 (2009)
NOTE 1—Graphite types are identical with Plate 1 of Test Method A247 and are so identified.
FIG. 1 Suggested Classification of Graphite Form in Ductile Cast Iron
9. Repair sealing against pressure are obtained. Where possible, the ends
of the plug should be ground smooth after installation to
9.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and
conform to the inside and outside contours of the wall of the
other piping components ordered under applicable ANSI stan-
pressure vessel or pressure part.
dards shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, brazing, or
9.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufactured
impregnation.
shall conform in all respects to the materials specifications that
9.2 Castings Grade 60-40-18 not covered in 9.1 which leak
apply to the pressure vessel or pressure part.
on hydrostatic tests may be repaired by plugging, provided the
9.2.5 The area adjacent to the drilled hole shall be examined
following requirements are met:
by radiography, and shall meet the Level 3 acceptance require-
9.2.1 No welding or brazing is permitted.
ments of Reference Radiographs E689 and supporting Refer-
9.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the diameter
ence Radiographs E446, E186,or E280 as applicable and
of a standard 2 in. [ISO R2] pipe plug.
defined in accordance with Reference Radiographs E689.
9.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in all
9.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the
dimensions to the standard ISO ⁄8 plugs. In addition, they
size of the plug used shall not be less than that given in Table
shall have full thread engagement corresponding to the thick-
2.
ness in the repaired section. Where a tapered plug is imprac-
tical because of the excess wall thickness in terms of plug 9.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders
diameter and coincident thread engagement, other types of or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not be less
plugsmaybeusedprovidedbothfullengagementandeffective than that given in Table 3.
A395/A395M − 99 (2009)
TABLE 2 Minimum Thickness of Repaired Sections
10.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting
Minimum Thickness Repaired furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.
Section, in. [mm]
processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 8 h, whichever
1 11
⁄8 ⁄32 [8]
is the shorter period.
1 7
⁄4 ⁄16 [10]
3 1
⁄8 ⁄2 [13]
1 21 11. Test Coupon
⁄2 ⁄32 [17]
3 3
⁄4 ⁄4 [19]
11.1 The separately cast test coupons poured from the same
1 ⁄16 [21]
1 7
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 [23] lot as the castings they represent from which the tension test
1 15
1 ⁄2 ⁄16 [24]
specimenismachinedshallbecasttothesizeandshapeshown
2 1 [26]
in Fig. 2, Fig. 3,or Fig. 4. Cast coupons shall be identified with
the castings they represent. Sectioning procedure for removing
test specimens from Y-blocks is shown in Fig. 5.
TABLE 3 Minimum Radius of Repaired Sections
11.1.1 Test samples may be removed from castings at
Minimum Radius of Cylinder
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.
locations designated on a drawing or as agreed to by manu-
or Cone, in. [mm]
1 9 facturer and purchaser.
⁄8 ⁄16 [15]
1 11
⁄4 ⁄16 [18] 11.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall conform to
3 1
⁄8 1 ⁄16 [28]
Fig. 6. The testing diameter shall be ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] if
1 1
⁄2 1 ⁄4 [32]
possible. Smaller diameters shall be utilized if necessary.
⁄4 2 [52]
12 ⁄2 [64]
11.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed upon
1 ⁄4 4 [104]
1 1
between the manufacturer and purchaser. In the absence of
1 ⁄2 5 ⁄4 [136]
28 ⁄8 [208]
agreement, it shall be the option of the manufacturer.
11.3 The test coupons shall be cast in molds made of
suitable core sand having a minimum wall thickness of 1 ⁄2 in.
9.2.8 A repaired area may consist of a maximum of three 1
[38 mm] for the ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm], 1 in. [25 mm] sizes, and 3
plugs with a spacing such that the ligaments between adjacent
in. [75 mm] for the 3 in. [75 mm] size. The coupons shall be
plugs shall not be less than listed in Table 4. Other defective
left in the mold until they have changed to a black color
areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum
(approximately 900°F [480°C] or less). The keel block as
ligament between plugs in adjacent areas is not less than twice
shown in Fig. 2 or the modified keel block produced from the
the distance from the nearest plug, the values for which are
mold shown in Fig. 4 may be substituted for the 1 in. [25 mm]
listed in Table 4.
block shown in Fig. 3.
9.3 Surface imperfections in castings Grade 60-40-18 other
11.4 When investment castings are made to this specifica-
than valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping
tion, the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size
componentsmayberepairedbypluggingprovidedthedepthof
incorporated in the mold with the castings or separately cast to
the plug is not greater than 20 % of the thickness of the c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 395/A 395M–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: A395/A395M – 99
(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA395/A395M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all
grades are suitable for use up to 450°F. For temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Grade 60–40–18 castings are suitable
(Note 1).
1.2 Valves,flanges,pipefittings,pumps,andotherpipingcomponentsaregenerallymanufacturedinadvanceandsuppliedfrom
stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A 834A834 may be utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance witoh the
specification.standard.
NOTE 1—For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A 536A536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy
for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
A834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings Reference Radiographs for
Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. [114(114 to 305-mm])305-mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings upUp to 2 in. [51 mm](50.8 mm) in Thickness
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition
F1476 Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
F1548 Specification for the Performance of Fittings for Use with Gasketed Mechanical Couplings usedUsed in Piping
Applications
2.2 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP 25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Unions
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable and Ductile
Iron Castings.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 395/A 395M–99 .
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. PublishedAugust 2009. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2004 asA395/A395M – 99 (2004). DOI:
10.1520/A0395_A0395M-99R09.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A395/A395M – 99 (2009)
3. Classification
3.1 Castings ordered to this specification are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements, as listed in Table
1. See note following Table 1.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following applicable information:
4.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identifications,
4.1.1.1 For grade 65-45-15, drawing indicating critical area(s) of casting (see 7.2.2 and 7.3.2).
4.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.4 Grade (See Table 1), if a Grade is not specified, the manufacturer shall supply grade 60-40-18.
4.1.5 Heat-treating requirements (see 5.2.1),
4.1.6 Pressure test requirements (see 7.4.3),
4.1.7 Test samples from castings (see 11.1.1 and 12.1.1),
4.1.8 Test coupons size (see 11.2),
4.1.9 Metallographic option (see 12.1.1),
4.1.10 Place of inspection (see 16.1),
4.1.11 Certification requirements (see 17.1),
4.1.12 Identification marking (see 18.2), and
4.1.13 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.4, 7.4.2, S1 and S2).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice shall be optional with the foundry.
5.2 Except as provided in 5.2.1, all castings Grade 60-40-18 shall be given a ferritizing heat treatment that produces essentially
a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides.
5.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, Grade 60-40-18 castings may be provided in an as-cast condition provided they
comply with the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2.1.
5.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 5.2.1 may be stress relieved by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
5.3 Castings Grade 65-45-15 may be provided in as-cast condition or heat treated, provided they comply with the requirements
of 7.1, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2.
6. Chemical Requirements
6.1 The casting shall conform to the following requirements for chemical composition (Note 2):
Total carbon, min, % 3.00
Silicon, max, % 2.50
Phosphorus, max, % 0.08
6.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on chilled cast pencil type specimens or from thin wafers
approximately ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] thick cut from test coupons. Drillings are not reliable because of the probable loss of graphite.
6.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01 % below the maximum specified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08 % silicon above the
specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 2.75 %.
NOTE 2—Silicon contents above 2.75 %, or phosphorus contents above 0.08 % have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the material. If the
carbon content is below 3.00 %, excess cementite may form during cooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, the impact resistance of the
material may be lowered.
7. Requirements
7.1 Tensile Properties:
7.1.1 The ductile iron as represented by the test specimens shall conform to the mechanical property requirements in Table 1.
7.2 Hardness:
7.2.1 For Grade 60–40–18, the hardness of the castings and test specimens shall be within the limits in Table 1.
7.2.2 For Grade 65–45–15, the hardness of test specimen and the critical area(s) of the casting, as identified on the casting
drawing, shall be within the limits in Table 1. If the grade 65–45–15 casting drawing does not have critical area(s) of the casting
identified, all areas of the casting shall be within the hardness limits in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements
Property Grade 60-40-18 Grade 65-45-15
Tensile Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 60 000 [415] 65 000 [450]
Yield Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 40 000 [275] 45 000 [310]
Elongation in 2 in. Minimum, % 18 15
Hardness HB, 3000 kgf Load 143-187 156-201
A395/A395M – 99 (2009)
7.3 Microstructure:
7.3.1 For Grade 60-40-18, the microstructure of the separately cast test coupon or the casting shall be essentially ferritic and
contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of 90 % Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 1 or Plate I of Test Method A
247A247.
7.3.2 For Grade 65-45-15, the microstructure of the critical areas of the casting, as identified on the casting drawing, shall be
45 %pearlitic,maximum,containnomassivecarbides,andhaveaminimum90 %TypeIandTypeIIGraphiteasinFig.1 orPlate
I of Test Method A 247A247.
7.4 Pressure Test Requirements:
7.4.1 Each pressure retaining Grade 60-40-18 casting shall be tested after machining to the test pressure specified by the
applicable standard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.
7.4.2 Castings Grade 65-45-15 manufactured under this specification shall be capable of passing hydrostatic test(s) compatible
withtheratingofthefinishedcastcomponent.SuchtestsshallbeconductedbythecastingmanufactureronlywhenSupplementary
Requirement S2 is specified.
7.4.3 Castings Grade 60-40-18, ordered under this specification not covered by ANSI standards and ASME Pressure Vessel
Code, and castings for special service applications, shall be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon by the manufacturer
and the purchaser.
7.4.4 ForcastingsGrade60-40-18,itisrealizedthatthefoundrymaybeunabletoperformthehydrostatictestpriortoshipment,
or that the purchaser may wish to defer testing until additional work or machining has been performed on the casting. Castings
ordered in the rough state for final machining by the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to shipment by the manufacturer
NOTE—Graphite types are identical with Plate 1 of Test Method A 247 A247 and are so identified.
FIG. 1 Suggested Classification of Graphite Form in Ductile Cast Iron
A395/A395M – 99 (2009)
at pressures to be agreed upon with the purchaser. However, the foundry is responsible for the satisfactory performance of the
castings under the final hydrostatic test.
8. Workmanship and Finish
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears.Any
other surface discontinuities shall meet visual acceptance standards specified in the order.
9. Repair
9.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components ordered under applicable ANSI standards
shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, brazing, or impregnation.
9.2 Castings Grade 60-40-18 not covered in 9.1 which leak on hydrostatic tests may be repaired by plugging, provided the
following requirements are met:
9.2.1 No welding or brazing is permitted.
9.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the diameter of a standard 2 in. [ISO R2] pipe plug.
9.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in all dimensions to the standard ISO ⁄8 plugs. In addition, they shall have full
threadengagementcorrespondingtothethicknessintherepairedsection.Whereataperedplugisimpracticalbecauseoftheexcess
wall thickness in terms of plug diameter and coincident thread engagement, other types of plugs may be used provided both full
engagementandeffectivesealingagainstpressureareobtained.Wherepossible,theendsoftheplugshouldbegroundsmoothafter
installation to conform to the inside and outside contours of the wall of the pressure vessel or pressure part.
9.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufactured shall conform in all respects to the materials specifications that apply
to the pressure vessel or pressure part.
9.2.5 Theareaadjacenttothedrilledholeshallbeexaminedbyradiography,andshallmeettheLevel3acceptancerequirements
of Reference Radiographs E 689E689 and supporting Reference Radiographs E 446E446, E 186E186, or E 280E280 as applicable
and defined in accordance with Reference Radiographs E 689E689.
9.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall not be less than that given in Table 2.
9.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not be less than
that given in Table 3.
9.2.8 Arepaired area may consist of a maximum of three plugs with a spacing such that the ligaments between adjacent plugs
shall not be less than listed in Table 4. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament
between plugs in adjacent areas is not less than twice the distance from the nearest plug, the values for which are listed in Table
4.
9.3 Surface imperfections in castings Grade 60-40-18 other than valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping
components may be repaired by plugging provided the depth of the plug is not greater than 20 % of the thickness of the casting
section and the diameter of the plug is not greater than its length. Repair of surface defects may not be done on pressure-containing
portions of castings. The plug need not be threaded. The conditions of 9.2.1 and 9.2.4 shall also be satisfied.
10. Sampling
10.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:
10.1.1 All the metal from a single heating in a batch-type melting furnace.
10.1.2 All the metal poured from two or more batch-type melting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting.
10.1.3 Allthemetalpouredfromacontinuousmeltingfurnaceforagivenperiodoftimebetweenchangesincharge,processing
conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 8 h, whichever is the shorter period.
11. Test Coupon
11.1 The separately cast test coupons poured from the same lot as the castings they represent from which the tension test
specimen is machined shall be cast to the size and shape shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, or Fig. 4. Cast coupons shall be identified with
the castings they represent. Sectioning procedure for removing test specimens from Y-blocks is shown in Fig. 5.
TABLE 2 Minimum Thickness of Repaired Sections
Minimum Thickness Repaired
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.
Section, in. [mm]
1 11
⁄8 ⁄32 [8]
1 7
⁄4 ⁄16 [10]
3 1
⁄8 ⁄2 [13]
1 21
⁄2 ⁄32 [17]
3 3
⁄4 ⁄4 [19]
1 ⁄16 [21]
1 7
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 [23]
1 15
1 ⁄2 ⁄16 [24]
2 1 [26]
A395/A395M – 99 (2009)
TABLE 3 Minimum Radius of Repaired Sections
Minimum Radius of Cylinder
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.
or Cone, in. [mm]
1 9
⁄8 ⁄16 [15]
1 11
⁄4 ⁄16 [18]
3 1
⁄8 1 ⁄16 [28]
1 1
⁄2 1 ⁄4 [32]
⁄4 2 [52]
12 ⁄2 [64]
1 ⁄4 4 [104]
1 1
1 ⁄2 5 ⁄4 [13
...
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