ASTM D5947-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physical dimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensions are used directly in determining the results of tests for various properties. Use these test methods except as otherwise required in material specifications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
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Designation: D 5947 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mension within absolute uncertainty of 25 μm or smaller.
3.2.4 verification—proof, with the use of calibrated stan-
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physical
dards or standard reference materials, that the calibrated
dimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensions
instrument is operating within specified requirements.
are used directly in determining the results of tests for various
3.2.5 1 mil, n—a dimension equivalent to 25 μm (0.0010
properties. Use these test methods except as otherwise required
in.).
in material specifications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Methods
standard.
4.1 These test methods provide five different test methods
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for the measurement of physical dimensions of solid plastic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimens. The test methods (identified as Test Methods A
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through D, and H) use different micrometers that exert various
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pressures for varying times upon specimens of different geom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
etries. Tables 1 and 2 display the basic differences of each test
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
method and identify methods applicable for use on various
plastics materials.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5. Significance and Use
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
5.1 These test methods shall be used where precise dimen-
Insulating Materials for Testing
sions are necessary for the calculation of properties expressed
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
in physical units. They are not intended to replace practical
D 4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards
thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools,
2.2 ISO Standard:
nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by the
ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary
procedures will agree exactly.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—See Terminologies D 883 and D 4805, and
6.1 Apparatus A—Machinist’s Micrometer Caliper with
ISO 472 for definitions pertinent to these test methods.
Calibrated Ratchet or Friction Thimble:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1.1 Apparatus A is a micrometer caliper without a locking
3.2.1 absolute uncertainty (of a measurement), n—the
device but that is equipped with either a calibrated ratchet or a
smallest division that may be read directly on the instrument
friction thimble. The pressure exerted on the specimen is
used for measurement.
controllable by the use of a proper manipulative procedure and
3.2.2 calibration—the set of operations that establishes,
a calibrated spring (see Annex A1).
under specified conditions, the relationship between values
6.1.2 Use an instrument constructed with a vernier capable
measured or indicated by an instrument or system, and the
of measurement to the nearest 2.5 μm.
corresponding reference standard or known values derived
6.1.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil and
from the appropriate reference standards.
spindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1
3.2.3 micrometer, n—an instrument for measuring any di-
mm.
6.1.4 Use an instrument conforming to the requirements of
8.1, 8.2, 8.5, 8.6.1, and 8.6.2.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
6.1.5 Test the micrometer periodically for conformance to
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical
the requirements of 6.1.4.
Properties.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996.
6.2 Apparatus B—Machinist’s Micrometer Without a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Ratchet:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Hereinafter referred to as a machinist’s micrometer.
D 5947
TABLE 1 Test Methods Suitable for Specific Materials
electronic instrument having a digital readout in place of the
Material Test Method dial indicator is permitted if that instrument meets the other
Plastics specimens A, B, C, or D
requirements of 6.3 and 6.4.
Other elastomers H
6.4.2 Use a motor-operated instrument having a presser foot
spindle that is lifted and lowered by a constant-speed motor
through a mechanical linkage such that the rate of descent (for
6.2.1 Apparatus B is a micrometer caliper without a locking
a specified range of distances between the presser foot surface
device.
and anvil) and dwell time on the specimen are within the limits
6.2.2 Use an instrument constructed with a vernier capable
specified for the material being measured. Design the mechani-
of measurement to the nearest 2.5 μm.
cal linkage so that the only downward force on the presser foot
6.2.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil and
spindle is that of gravity on the weighted spindle assembly,
spindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1
without any additional force exerted by the lifting/lowering
mm.
mechanism.
6.2.4 Use an instrument conforming to the requirements of
8.1, 8.2, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.6.1, and 8.6.3. 6.4.2.1 The preferred design and construction of motor
operated, dead-weight, dial-type micrometers calls for a limit
6.2.5 Examine and test the micrometer periodically for
conformance to the requirements of 6.2.4. on the force applied to the presser foot. The limit is related to
the compressive characteristics of the material being measured.
6.3 Apparatus C—Manually Operated, Dead-Weight, Dial-
Type Thickness Gage: 6.4.2.2 The force applied to the presser foot spindle and the
weight necessary to move the pointer upward from the zero
6.3.1 Use a dead-weight, dial-type gage in accordance with
position shall be less than the force that will cause permanent
the requirements of 8.1, 8.3, 8.4, 8.6.1, and 8.6.4 having the
deformation of the specimen. The force applied to the presser
following:
foot spindle and the weight necessary to just prevent movement
6.3.1.1 A presser foot that moves in an axis perpendicular to
of the pointer from a higher to a lower reading must be more
the anvil face;
than the minimum permissible force specified for a specimen.
6.3.1.2 The surfaces of the presser foot and anvil (which
contact the specimen) parallel to within 2.5 μm (see 8.3);
7. Test Specimens
6.3.1.3 A vertical dial spindle;
7.1 The test specimens shall be prepared from plastics
6.3.1.4 A dial indicator essentially friction-free and capable
materials in sheet, plate, or molded shapes that have been cut
of repeatable readings within 61 μm at zero setting, or on a
to the required dimensions or molded to the desired finished
steel gage block;
dimensions for the particular test.
6.3.1.5 A frame, housing the indicator, of such rigidity that
7.2 Prepare and condition each specimen in equilibrium
a load of 15 N applied to the dial housing, out of contact with
with the appropriate standard laboratory test conditions in
the presser foot spindle (or any weight attached thereto), will
accordance with the test method applicable to the specific
produce a deflection of the frame not greater than the smallest
material for test.
scale division on the indicator dial; and
7.3 For each specimen, take precautions to prevent damage
6.3.1.6 A dial diameter at least 50 mm and graduated
or contamination that might affect the measurements adversely.
continuously to read directly to the nearest 2.5 μm. If neces-
7.4 Unless otherwise specified, make all dimension mea-
sary, equip the dial with a revolution counter that displays the
surements at the standard laboratory atmosphere in accordance
number of complete revolutions of the large hand.
with Practice D 618.
6.3.1.7 An electronic instrument having a digital readout in
place of the dial indicator is permitted if that instrument meets 8. Calibration (General Considerations for Care and Use
the other requirements of 6.3.
of Each of the Various Pieces of Apparatus for
6.3.2 The preferred design and construction of manually Dimensional Measurements)
operated, dead-weight, dial-type micrometers calls for a limit
8.1 Good testing practices require clean anvil and presser
on the force applied to the presser foot. The limit is related to
foot surfaces for any micrometer instrument. Prior to calibra-
the compressive characteristics of the material being measured.
tion or dimensional measurements, clean such surfaces by
6.3.2.1 The force applied to the presser foot spindle and the
inserting a piece of smooth, clean bond paper between the anvil
weight necessary to move the pointer upward from the zero
and presser foot and slowly moving the bond paper between
position shall be less than the force that will cause permanent
the surfaces. Check the zero setting frequently during measure-
deformation of the specimen. The force applied to the presser
ments. Failure to repeat the zero setting may be evidence of dirt
foot spindle and the weight necessary to just prevent movement
on the surfaces.
of the pointer from a higher to a lower reading shall be more
NOTE 2—Avoid pulling any edge of the bond paper between the
than the minimum permissible force specified for a specimen.
surfaces to reduce the probability of depositing any lint particles on the
6.4 Apparatus D—Motor-Operated, Dead-Weight Dial
surfaces.
Gage:
8.2 The parallelism requirements for machinist’s microme-
6.4.1 Except as additionally defined in this section, use an
ters demand that observed differences of readings on a pair of
instrument that conforms to the requirements of 6.3. An
screw-thread-pitch wires or a pair of standard 6.4-mm nominal
diameter plug gages be not greater than 2.5 μm. Spring-wire
Herein referred to as a dial gage. stock or music-wire of known diameter are suitable substitutes.
D 5947
TABLE 2 Test Method Parameter Differences
Diameter of Presser Foot Pressure on Specimen,
Test Method Apparatus
or Spindle, mm Approximate, kPa
A machinist micrometer with calibrated ratchet or thimble 6.4 not specified
B machinist micrometer without ratchet/thimble 6.4 unknown
C dead-weight dial-type bench micrometer—manual 3.2 to 12.7 5 to 900
D dead-weight dial-type bench micrometer—motor operated 3.2 to 12.7 5 to 900
H dead-weight dial-type bench micrometer—manual 6.4 30
The wire (or the plug gage) has a diameter dimension that is 8.4.2.1 A flat surface forms straight parallel fringes at equal
known to be within 61 μm. Diameter dimensions may vary by intervals.
an amount approximately equal to the axial movement of the
8.4.2.2 A grooved surface forms straight parallel fringes at
spindle when the wire (or the plug gage) is rotated through
unequal intervals.
180°.
8.4.2.3 A symmetrical concave or convex surface forms
8.2.1 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instru-
concentric circular fringes. Their number is a measure of the
ment manufacturer, confirm the parallelism requirements of
deviation from flatness.
machinist’s micrometers using the following procedure:
8.4.2.4 An unsymmetrical concave or convex surface forms
8.2.1.1 Close the micrometer on the screw-thread-pitch wire
a series of curved fringes that cut the periphery of the
or plug gage according to the calibration procedure of 8.6.2 or
micrometer surface. The number of fringes cut by a straight
8.6.3, as appropriate;
line connecting the terminals of any fringes is a measure of the
8.2.1.2 Observe and record the thickness indicated;
deviation from flatness.
8.2.1.3 Move the screw-thread-pitch wire or plug gage to a
8.5 Machinist’s Micrometer Requirements:
different position between the presser foot and anvil, and repeat
8.5.1 The requirements for a zero reading of machinist’s
8.2.1.1 and 8.2.1.2; and
micrometers are met when ten closings of the spindle onto the
8.2.1.4 If the difference between any pair of readings is
anvil, in accordance with 8.6.2.3 or 8.6.3.3, as appropriate,
greater than 2.5 μm, the surfaces are not parallel.
result in ten zero readings. The condition of zero reading is
8.3 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instrument
satisfied when examinations with a low-power magnifying
manufacturer, confirm the requirements for parallelism of
glass show that at least 66 % of the width of the zero
dial-type micrometers given in 6.3.1.2 by placing a hardened
graduation mark on the barrel coincides with at least 66 % of
steel ball (such as that used in a ball bearing) of suitable
the width of the reference mark.
diameter between the presser foot and anvil. Mount the ball in
8.5.2 Proper maintenance of a machinist’s micrometer may
a fork-shaped holder to allow it to be moved conveniently from
require adjusting the instrument for wear of the micrometer
one location to another between the presser foot and anvil. The
screw so that the spindle has no perceptible lateral or longitu-
balls used commercially in ball bearings are almost perfect
dinal looseness, yet rotates with a torque load of less than 1.8
spheres having diameters constant within 0.2 μm.
E to 03 Nm. Replace the instrument if this is not achievable
NOTE 3—Exercise care with this procedure. Calculations using the
after disassembly, cleaning, and lubrication.
equations given in X1.3.2 show that the use of a 680 g mass weight on a
8.5.3 After the zero reading has been checked, use the
ball between the hardened surfaces of the presser foot and anvil can result
calibration procedure of 8.6.2 and 8.6.3 (as appropriate, for the
in dimples in the anvil or presser foot surfaces caused by exceeding the
machinist’s micrometer under examination) to check for the
yield stress of the surfaces.
maximum acceptable error in the machinist’s micrometer
8.3.1 Observe and record the diameter as measured by the
screw.
micrometer at one location.
8.5.3.1 Use selected feeler-gage blades with known thick-
8.3.2 Move the ball to another location and repeat the
nesses to within 60.5 μm to check micrometers calibrated in
measurement.
metric units at approximately 50
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