ASTM D968-93

Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by abrasive falling onto coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a metal or glass panel.
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are covered as follows: SectionsMethod A--Falling Sand Abrasion Test1-12Method B--Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test13-19
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2 ). Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when ranking is used in place of numerical values.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D968-93(2001) - Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C647-19 - Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3322-23 - Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3732-23 - Standard Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4060-19 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A882/A882M-20 - Standard Specification for Filled Epoxy-Coated Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 968 – 93
Standard Test Methods for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling
1
Abrasive
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by abrasive 3.1.1 abrasion resistance—the amount of abrasive required
falling onto coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a to wear through a unit film thickness of the coating.
metal or glass panel.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are
covered as follows: 4.1 Abrasive is allowed to fall from a specified height
through a guide tube onto a coated panel until the substrate
Sections
Method A—Falling Sand Abrasion Test 1-12
becomes visible. The amount of abrasive per unit film thick-
Method B—Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test 13-19
ness is reported as the abrasion resistance of the coating on the
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only panel. Silica sand or silicon carbide may be used, as specified.
one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the
5. Significance and Use
poor reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2).
5.1 Silica sand produces a slower rate of abrasion for
Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when rank-
ing is used in place of numerical values. organic coatings than provided by silicon carbide but, for some
types of coatings, it provides greater discrimination.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility 5.2 The abrasion resistance scales produced by the two
methods differ, but the methods provide approximately the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory same rankings of coatings for abrasion resistance.
5.3 Each of the methods has been found useful for rating the
limitations prior to use.
abrasion resistance of specific types of coatings. For example
2. Referenced Documents
Method A (falling sand) has been used for rating floor coatings
2.1 ASTM Standards: while Method B (falling silicon carbide) has been used for
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness rating coatings for ship decks.
2
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
4
METHOD A—FALLING SAND ABRASION TEST
D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
2
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
6. Apparatus and Materials
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
5
6.1 Abrasion Tester, as illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. A
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
2 gate for starting the flow of abrasive is located near the top of
a Ferrous Base
the guide tube. It consists of a metal disk inserted into a slit in
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
the side of the guide tube with a collar covering the slit. The
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to
guide tube shall be firmly supported in a vertical position over
2
a Nonferrous Metal Base
a suitable receptacle, which shall contain a support for holding
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3 the coated panel at an angle of 45° to the vertical, so that the
poses
opening of the tube is directly above the area to be abraded and
the distance from the tube to the coated surface face at the
nearest point is 1 in. (25 mm) when measured in the vertical
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
4
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1993. Published November 1993. Originally Hipkins, C. C., and Phain, R. J., “The Falling Sand Abrasion Tester,” ASTM
e1
published as D 968 – 48 T. Last previous edition D 968 – 81 (1991) . Bulletin, No. 143, December 1946, pp. 18–22.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. A suitable abrasion tester may be obtained from Gardner/BYK-Gardner, Inc.,
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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