ASTM D1067-06

Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acidity and alkalinity measurements are used to assist in establishing levels of chemical treatment to control scale, corrosion, and other adverse chemical equilibria.
Levels of acidity or alkalinity are critical in establishing solubilities of some metals, toxicity of some metals, and the buffering capacity of some waters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given as follows:SectionsTest Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling) 25 to 33
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an internal indicator or the equivalent end point measured by a pH meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of sample composition and obtaining the best precision, the use of an inflection point for process control may result in significant errors in chemical treatment or process control in some applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutralizing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum acidity or alkalinity conditions.
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration) and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2006
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1067-02 - Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2982-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3087-17 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1915-20 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials for Carbon, Sulfur, and Acid-Base Characteristics
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D7294-13(2021) - Standard Guide for Collecting Treatment Process Design Data at a Contaminated Site—A Site Contaminated with Chemicals of Interest
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1391-03(2023) - Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5952-08(2015) - Standard Guide for the Inspection of Water Systems for Legionella and the Investigation of Possible Outbreaks of Legionellosis (Legionnaires' Disease or Pontiac Fever)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8006-16 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Analysis of Residential and Commercial Water Supply Wells in Areas of Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D1782-17 - Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5744-18 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D1293-18 - Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D1067–06
Standard Test Methods for
1
Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by
2 practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutral-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity
izing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this
or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given
capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum
as follows:
acidity or alkalinity conditions.
Sections
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a
Test Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15
Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24
guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the
Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen 25 to 33
acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling)
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration)
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl
and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontin-
ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis
ued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to
standard.
develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sampleandindicatesinflectionpointsandbufferingcapacity,if
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to
a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an 2. Referenced Documents
internalindicatorortheequivalentendpointmeasuredbyapH 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
samplecompositionandobtainingthebestprecision,theuseof
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
an inflection point for process control may result in significant
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
errors in chemical treatment or process control in some
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
3. Terminology
Water and are the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
3.1 Definitions—Thetermsinthesetestmethodsaredefined
in Water.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally
in accordance with Terminology D1129.
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1067 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D1067-06.
2
3
The basic procedures used in these test methods have appeared widespread in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the technical literature for many years. Only the particular adaptation of the contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
electrometric titration appearing as the Referee Meth
...