ASTM F489-96e1

Standard Test Method for Using a James Machine (Withdrawn 2005)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the dry static coefficient of friction of shoe sole and heel materials on controlled walking surfaces and under controlled conditions. It is recognized that certain contaminants and conditions may alter results.
Note 1—See Test Method D 2047 for information on measurement of the static coefficient of friction of floor surfaces for the James Machine.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers laboratory measurement of the dry static coefficient of friction of shoe sole and heel materials on controlled walking surfaces and under controlled conditions. It is recognized that certain contaminants and conditions may alter results.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear, this test method was withdrawn in January 2005 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-1996
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Dec-2004
• Technical Committee: F13 - Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear
• Drafting Committee: F13.10 - Traction

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F489-96 - Standard Test Method for Using a James Machine
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-1996
• Referred By: ASTM F1646-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Walkway Safety and Footwear
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
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Designation:F489–96
Standard Test Method for
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Using a James Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Per Committee F13 Bylaws, editorially replaced term definitions with reference to Terminology F 1646 in January
2004.
1. Scope 3.1.2 Friction, and
3.1.3 Slip.
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the
dry static coefficient of friction of shoe sole and heel materials
4. Significance and Use
on controlled walking surfaces and under controlled condi-
4.1 The James Machine is a laboratory instrument intended
tions. It is recognized that certain contaminants and conditions
to measure the slip resistance characteristics of shoe sole and
may alter results.
heel materials. However, the tendency to slip may be influ-
NOTE 1—See Test Method D 2047 for information on measurement of
enced by foreign materials or lubricants on the shoe materials
the static coefficient of friction of floor surfaces for the James Machine.
or on the walking surfaces. Consequently, acceptable levels of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
slip resistance as determined by this test method may not
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
predict an individual’s resistance to slipping while walking or
information only.
running on various surfaces.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 James Machine (Fig. 1), with three weights of 25 lb
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- (11.4kg)each,plussupportingmembers(80lb(36.3kg)total).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Shoe, faced with the specimen under test.
2. Referenced Documents 6. Walking Surfaces
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2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 A12 by 12-in. (305 by 305-mm) square of surface shall
D 2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of
be used for testing.
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Polish-Coated Floor Surfaces as Measured by the James 6.2 The surfaces to be used shall be OVCT tiles or a
Machine
surface agreed upon between laboratories.
F 1646 Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction for 6.3 The surfaces are prepared by thoroughly wiping with a
Footwear
3 % ammoniacal solution using a clean cloth prior to condi-
tioning.
3. Terminology
7. Preparation of Shoe Sole and Heel Materials Samples
3.1 SeeTerminology F 1646 for the following terms used in
this test method: 7.1 Sand the sample using a 60-grit silicon carbide abrasive
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3.1.1 Coefficient of friction,
paper to remove finish or mold characteristics, or both.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-13 on Safety This machine was developed by S. V. James of the Underwriters Laboratories,
and Traction for Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.10 Inc. The machine is available from Quadra, Inc., 1833 Oakdale Ave., Racine, WI
on Traction. 53405. Phone [phone].
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Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996 Published April 1996. Originally OVCT is official vinyl composition tile and is available from the Chemical
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published as F 489 – 77. Last previous edition F 489 — 77 (1988) . Specialties Manufacturers Assn., 1901 I St., N.W., Washington, DC 20006. These
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tiles may be used and reused for testing. Tiles should be discarded when they show
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM excessive wear or when erratic results are obtained.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 60-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper is available from the 3M Corp., St. Paul,
the ASTM website. MN.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F489–96
a—Weights h—Strut
b—Cushion i—Walking Surface
c—Chart j—Shoe and Specimen
d—Chart Board k—Test Table
e—Spring Clip l—Retaining Bar
f—Recording Pencil m—Back Plate
g—Set Screw n—Ball Bearing Rollers
FIG. 1 The James Machine
7.2 Again sand the sample using 400A wet or dry silicon 9. Conditions for Testing
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carbide abrasive paper.
9.1 Run the specimens under the following conditions:
7.3 Brush the sanded sample to remove loose particles.
9.1.1 Both surfaces dry and conditioned 18 h at 73 6 3.6°F
(22.8 6 2°C).
8. Test Specimens
9.2 This procedure may also b
...